Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adherence, to bismuth quadruple therapy, 543 546 Adjuvant therapy, probiotics as, 567 569 Age factors, in gastric cancer, 611 612, 616 AID protein, in gastric cancer, 630 631 Allele-specific primer polymerase chain reaction, for antibiotic resistance, 584, 588 Amoxicillin in bismuth quadruple therapy, 552 in hybrid therapy, 526 527 in triple therapy, 525 526, 528 529 resistance to, 521, 590 591 susceptibility to, 671 Antibiotics, resistance to. See Resistance, to antibiotics. APOBEC family, in gastric cancer, 630 631 APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand), in MALT lymphoma, 650 Atrophic gastritis, 601 603, 611 613, 661 666 B Bifidobacterium formulations, 530, 568 570 Biopsy, 508 510, 614 Bismuth quadruple therapy, 537 563 acceptability of, 546 548 adherence to, 543 546 amoxicillin in, 552 553 bismuth forms in, 538 clinical trials of, 552, 554 components of, 540 doxycycline in, 547, 549 duration of, 543 546 efficacy of, 524 528 failure of, 547, 550 552 for eradication, 540 542 history of, 538 in sequential therapy, 552 meal considerations in, 554 555 metronidazole resistance and, 542 outcome of, 547, 550 552 packaging of, 545 546 pathogenic considerations in, 538 540 proton pump inhibitor dosage in, 556 recommendations for, 556 557 Gastroenterol Clin N Am 44 (2015) 691 698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8553(15)00087-4 0889-8553/15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. gastro.theclinics.com
692 Bismuth (continued ) side effects of, 545 546, 555 556 C CagA protein antigens of, for vaccine development, 667 676 in carcinogenesis, 627 629 Cancer Genome Atlas, 626 Carcinogenesis, virulence factors in, 627 629 Chemotherapy, for MALT lymphoma, 657 Chromosomal instability in gastric cancer, 632 tumors with, 626 Clarithromycin efficacy of, 524 527 in hybrid therapy, 526 527 in triple therapy, 525 526 mechanism of action of, 578 579 resistance to, 521, 525, 578 588 susceptibility to, 671 Colorimetry, for antibiotic resistance, 583 584 Concomitant therapy, 526 Culture, 510 Cytokines, in gastric cancer, 629 630 D Deamination, in gastric cancer, 630 631 DNA methylation, in gastric cancer, 632 633 Doxycycline, in bismuth quadruple therapy, 547, 549 Dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction, for antibiotic resistance, 583 Dyspepsia, endoscopy for, after Helicobacter pylori eradication for, 598 600 E Electrocatalytic detection, of DNA sequences, for antibiotic resistance, 586 Endoscopy after Helicobacter pylori eradication, 597 608 for dyspepsia, 598 600 for gastric cancer, 598, 601 605 for peptic ulcer, 598, 600 601 need for, 598 for gastric cancer risk, 614 for Helicobacter pylori, 668 670 in MALT lymphoma, 651 652 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 513 Epigenetics, of gastric cancer, 630 633 Epstein-Barr virus tumors, 626 European Commission, on probiotics, 566 567
693 European Gastrointestinal Lymphoma Study, 651 European Societies of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Pathology, 602 F Fluorescence in situ hybridization, for antibiotic resistance, 585 586 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer, 579 Fluoroquinolone(s), resistance to, 588 589 Fluoroquinolone quadruple therapy, 528 529 Fluoroquinolone triple therapy, 528 529 Food bismuth quadruple therapy treatment and, 554 555 probiotics containing, 567 Free radicals, in gastric cancer, 632 Furazolidone, in triple therapy, 528 529 G Gastric cancer. See also Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. characterization of, 626 627 classification of, 626 627 development from peptic ulcer, 600 early, 601 603 endoscopy for, after Helicobacter pylori eradication, 598, 601 605 epidemiology of, 678 epigenetics of, 630 633 genetics of, 630 633 inflammatory responses in, 629 630 molecular pathogenesis of, 625 638 natural history of, 616 prevention of, 640 646 prognosis for, 641 risk of, 609 624 assessment of, 611 615 epidemiology of, 611 Helicobacter pylori in, 610 611 hereditary, 603 604 in eradicated patients, 615 620 screening for, 640 641 virulence factors in, 627 629 Gastritis atrophic, 601 603, 611 613, 661 666 in MALT lymphomas, 651 Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Helicobacter pylori eradication for, 661 666 GastroPanel, 613 614 Genetics, of gastric cancer, 630 633 Genotype HelicoDR method, 581 582 Giemsa stain, 509 Groupe d Etude des Lymphomes de l Adulte, 654 gyra quinolone resistance-determining region, 588 589
694 H Health insurance, for Helicobacter pylori eradication, 642 643 Helicobacter pylori infections diagnosis of, 507 518 epidemiology of, 520, 610 611 eradication of, 599 605 for gastroesophageal reflux disease, 661 666 gastric cancer risk in, 609 624 in high school students, 667 676 in Japan, 639 648, 667 676 outcomes of, 645 646 gastric cancer in. See Gastric cancer. MALT lymphoma in. See Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. natural history of, 644 screening for, 668 test for, 661 666 treatment of. See also Helicobacter pylori infections, eradication of. antimicrobial resistance in. See Resistance, to antibiotics. bismuth quadruple therapy for, 537 563 difficulty with, 520 522 endoscopy after, 597 608 failure of, 527 530 first-line regimens for, 524 527 practical aspects of, 519 535 probiotics for, 530, 565 575 rescue therapy for, 527 530 selection of, 522 524 vaccine for, 677 689 Hereditary risk, for gastric cancer, 603 604 High school students, Helicobacter pylori eradication in, 667 676 Histology, 508 510 for gastric cancer risk, 614 for Helicobacter pylori infections, 670 671 HOMER Study, 541 Hybrid (sequential-concomitant) therapy, 526 527 Hypermethylation, in gastric cancer, 632 633 Hypomethylation, in gastric cancer, 632 633 I Immunotherapy, for MALT lymphoma, 657 In situ hybridization, 511 512 Interleukins, in gastric cancer, 629 630 International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, 566 Intestinal metaplasia, proton pump inhibitors and, 661 666 Invader assay, for antibiotic resistance, 584 585 J Japan, Helicobacter pylori eradication program in, 639 648, 667 676 Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research, 643
695 L Laboratory tests, 507 518 Lactobacillus clinical use of, 567 for Helicobacter pylori infections, 567 572 formulations for, 530 in natural foods, 567 Lactoferrin formulations, 530, 568 Lauren classification, of gastric cancer, 626 Levofloxacin, in triple therapy, 528 529 Lugano International Conference, on MALT lymphoma, 652 653 Lymphoma, MALT. See Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Lynch syndrome, 603 604 M Maaastricht consensus, 510 Macrolides, resistance to, 578 588 MALT lymphoma. See Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Meals, bismuth quadruple therapy treatment and, 554 555 Melting curve analysis, 579 580 Mesenchymal tumors, 627 Metronidazole, 522. See also Bismuth quadruple therapy. resistance to, 521, 541 543, 555 556 susceptibility to, 671 Microelectronic chip assay, for antibiotic resistance, 586 MicroRNAs, in gastric cancer, 633 Microsatellite instability, 626 Molecular tests, 511 512 Mongolian gerbil model, for gastric cancer, 661 666 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, 649 660 diagnosis of, 650 652 differential diagnosis of, 651 endoscopy for, 604 605 genetics of, 650 pathogenesis of, 650 staging of, 652 treatment of, 652 657 Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, for antibiotic resistance, 588 N Nested polymerase chain reaction, for antibiotic resistance, 583 584 Nitroimidazole efficacy of, 524 527 in hybrid therapy, 526 527 in triple therapy, 525 526, 528 529 resistance to, 590 591 Nuclear factor-kb, in gastric cancer, 629 630
696 O Omeprazole, 522, 540 Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment or Metaplasia, 602, 615 Oxidative stress, in gastric cancer, 631 632 P Pantoprazole, 572 Paris staging system, on MALT lymphoma, 652 653 Pepsinogens, in atrophic gastritis, 611 613 Peptic ulcer causes of, 600 complicated, 601 endoscopy for, after Helicobacter pylori eradication for, 598, 600 601 pathogenesis of, 538 540 treatment of, 538 540 Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization, for antibiotic resistance, 585 586 Peptidoglycans, in carcinogenesis, 629 Phenotypical antibiotic resistance, 521 Polymerase chain reaction, 511 512 for antibiotic resistance, 579 585, 588 590 Prebiotics, 566 Primary mismatch polymerase chain reaction, for antibiotic resistance, 584 Probiotics, 530, 565 575 as adjuvant therapy, 567 569 clinical use of, 567 curative use of, 569 572 current use of, 566 567 description of, 565 566 Proliferative-type tumors, 627 Proton pump inhibitors. See also Bismuth quadruple therapy. diagnostic test reliability and, 507 518 dosage of, 524 527, 556 gastric atrophy induced by, 661 666 Pylera, 522, 527, 543 546 Q Quadruple therapy bismuth, 524 528, 537 563 nonbismuth, 525 527 R Rabeprazole, 671 Radiotherapy, for MALT lymphoma, 657 Rapid urease test, 510 511 Reactive nitrogen species, in gastric cancer, 631 632 Reactive oxygen species, in gastric cancer, 631 632 Rescue therapy, 527 528
697 Resistance, to antibiotics, 520 522. See also specific antibiotics. fluoroquinolones, 588 589 in bismuth quadruple therapy, 540 544 macrolides, 578 588 molecular determination of, 577 596 nitroimidazoles, 591 rifampin, 590 tetracycline, 589 590 Restriction length polymerization, for antibiotic resistance, 583 584, 590 Rifabutin, in triple therapy, 528 530 Rifampin, resistance to, 590 S Saccharomyces boulardii formulations, 530, 569 Sampling, for biopsy, 508 510 Scorpion format, for antibiotic resistance, 581 Sequencing, for antibiotic resistance, 583 584 Sequential therapy, 525 526, 552 Serology tests, 512 513 Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, for antibiotic resistance, 584 585 Spasmolytic-polypeptide expressing metaplasia, 626 Spermine oxidase, in gastric cancer, 631 632 Stool antigen tests, 512 Streptococcus faecium, 568 570 Strip hybridization, 581, 588 Sydney classification system, for biopsy, 508 509 Sydney System, for gastritis, 615 T TaqMan format, 581 Tetracycline, 522. See also Bismuth quadruple therapy. efficacy of, 524 resistance to, 589 590 TNFAIP3 gene, in MALT lymphoma, 650 Triple therapy, efficacy of, 525 530 Tumor necrosis factor, in gastric cancer, 629 630 U Urea breath test, 512 Urease antigen, for vaccine development, 667 676 V Vaccine, for Helicobacter pylori, 677 689 animal models of, 679 681 challenges in, 678 679 clinical trials of, 681 683 need for, 677 678
698 Vaccine (continued ) retrospective analysis of, 683 685 Vacuolating cytotoxin A antigens of, for vaccine development, 667 676 in carcinogenesis, 629 Virulence factors, in gastric cancer, 627 629 W Western blot analysis, 512 513 World Health Organization, gastric cancer classification of, 626 Wotherspoon score, for MALT lymphomas, 651