Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Actinobacteria, 307 308 Actinomycetes, 307 308 Actinomycosis, in oral cavity, 288 290 Aggregatibacter, 308 309 Amoxicillin, in odontogenic infections, 248 249 in osteomyelitis, 279 Amphotericin B, in candidiasis, 332 333 Anidulafungin, 336 Antibiotics, in acute and chronic osteomyelitis, 271 282 resistance to, in oral infections, epidemiology of, 221 227 systemic, in periodontitis, 264, 265 Antimicrobials, locally delivered, in periodontitis, 265 266 Aspergillosis, 340 343 Azithromycin, in odontogenic infections, 249 Azoles, in candidiasis, 330, 333 336 B Bacterial infections, human oral microbiome and, 305 in oral cavity, 286 292, 306 307 normal flora of oval cavity and, 305 oral, 305 318 sexually transmitted, of oral cavity, 292 296 Bacterial lesions, specimen collection and transportation of, 297 Bacteroides, 313 Bacteroidetes, 313 315 Bifidobacteria, 308 Blastomycosis, 340 Blood, exposures to, prevention of, 442 Buccal mucosa, aand dorsum of tongue, 203 204 C Calculus, classification of, 210 211 composition of, 210 211 formation of, 210 Cancer, human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal, 228 microbial, of oral cavity, epidemiology of, 227 228, 229 oral, oral microbial infections in, 425 434 Candidiasis, 320 336 chronic mucocutaneous, 329 Dent Clin N Am 61 (2017) 459 466 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(17)30012-5 0011-8532/17 dental.theclinics.com
460 Candidiasis (continued ) denture use and, 323, 324 esophageal, 328 host defenses and deficiencies in, 321 hyperplastic, 327, 328 oral, in human immunodeficiency virus, 381 oropharyngeal, 325 327, 329 330 risk factors for, 322 progression of, other forms in, 321 signs and symptoms of, 324 325 systemic therapy in, 332 336 topical therapy in, 330 331 xerostomia and, 322 Capnocytophaga, 315 Carcinogenesis, bacterial, 430 433 viral, 427 430 Caspofungin, 336 Cheilitis, angular, 323, 324 Clindamycin, in odontogenic infections, 249 Coccidioidomycosis, 343 Corynebacteria, 308 Crevicular fluid, gingival, bacterial growth and, 205 Cryotococcosis, 340 Cytomegalovirus, 356 D Decontamination, disinfection and, methods of, 450 Dental caries, 180, 185 epidemiology of, 218 219 microbial organisms associated with, 306 organisms associated with, 306 Dental health data, WHO and, 218 Dental plaque, as biofilm, 206 210, 256 composition of, 207, 208 distribution of, 207 formation of, 207 209, 256 257 properties of, 209 210 Koch s postulates of, 258 259 supragingival and subgingival, 257 258 Dental unit, infection control program plan for, 456 waterlines in, 455 456 Dentist, general, introduction to clinical microbiology for, 179 197 Disinfection, and decontamination, methods of, 450 of hand pieces, impressions, and environmental surfaces, 453 455 versus sterilization, 449 450 E Echocandins, 336 Eikenella, 309
461 Enteroviruses, 357 Epithelium, crevicular, and gingival crevice, microbes and, 204 Ethylene oxide sterilization, 452 F Firmicutes, 310 313 Flucytosine, 336 Fungal infections, oral, 319 349 and maxillofacial, superficial and deep, 320 Fungal lesions, specimen collection and transportation of, 297 Fusobacteria, 314 315 G Gentian violet, in candidiasis, 330 Geotrichosis, 343 344 German measles, 359 Gingivitis, 307 epidemiology of, 219 Gingivitis-periodontitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative, 291 292 Gonorrhea, 292 293 H Halitosis, 183, 186 Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome, 357 358 Hand hygiene, for infection control in dental office, 437 438, 439 indications for, 439 methods of, 438 Health care providers. See Oral health care providers. Helicobacter pylori, 431 432 Hepatitis A virus, vaccination against, 407 Hepatitis B virus, vaccination against, 408 410, 441 Hepatitis C virus, vaccination against, 410 411 Herpangina, 357 Herpes labialis, 352 Herpes simplex virus, 352 353 type 1, 352 type 2, 353 Herpes viruses, human, 351 356, 429 430 Herpes zoster, 354, 355 Histoplasmosis, 338 340 Human herpesvirus 4, carcinogenesis and, 429 430 Human herpesvirus 8, carcinogenesis and, 429 Human immunodeficiency virus, age-related complications of, 371, 372, 373 carcinogenesis and, 428 429 CD41 lymphocyte counts in, 373 dental caries in, 378 380 dental considerations in, 381 382 dental management in, 376 377
462 Human (continued) endodontic treatment in, 380 epidemiology and prevalence of, 366 laboratory monitoring in, 372 374 medical management of, 370 372 microbial-linked oropharyngeal cancer and, 229 oral candidiasis in, 381 oral conditions associated with, 376 377 pathogenesis of, 366 367 periodontal and preventive care in, 380 381 prevention of new infections in, 374 375 RNA (viral load), 373 374 stages of, 368 369 surgical procedures and implants in, 380 treatment modifications in, 377 378, 379 Human immunodeficiency virus positive-patients, management of, 365 387 Human oral microbiome, 305 Human papillomavirus, 360 carcinogenesis and, 427 428 vaccination against, 414 415 Human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal cancer, 228 Human papillomavirus vaccine, 415 I Immunizations, 401 424 and vaccinations, 404 405 designated for oral health care providers, 405 407 Immunocompromized host, medical conditions resulting in, 247 248 Immunogenesis, 403 404 Immunoglobulins, 404 Infection control, in dental clinic, 183 184 Infection control program, for dental unit, 456 Infection(s), bacterial. See Bacterial infections. control of, in dental office, 435 457 hand hygiene for, 437 438, 439 importance of, 435 437 precautions for, 437 recommendations on, 440, 441, 443 fungal, 319 349 in dentistry, 402 odontogenic. See Odontogenic infections. oral, and maxillofacial, epidemiogy of, 217 233 antibiotics resistance in, epidemiology of, 221 227 assessment and treatment of, 224 226 knowledge of pathogens in, 390 microbial, in oral cancer, 425 434 mucosal, epidemiology of, 227 opportunistic, 389 400 clinicopathologic considerations in, 395 398 diseases associated with, 393 395
463 microbiology of, 390 392 pathogens in, 390, 391 risk factors for, 392 393 prevention of, guidelines for, 408, 409 systemic, role of oral flora in, 212 Infectious diseases, potential, in dental office, 439 440 Infectious mononucleosis, 355 356 Influenza, 2009 H1N1, control of, 440 443 vaccination against, 412 Instrument processing, 452 K Koch s postulates, revised by Socransky, 258 259 L Leprosy, in oral cavity, 290 291 Lymphoid cell line, 403 Lymphonodular pharyngitis, acute, 357 M Measles, 358 359 Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, vaccination against, 411 Medical waste, management of, 455 Metronidazole, in odontogenic infections, 249 Micafungin, 336 Microbes, interaction of, 205 Microbial disease specimen collection, oral, and transportation, 297 299 Microbial ecology, oral, 199 200 Microbial growth, environmental factors and, 206 factors modulating, 204 206 Microbiological diseases, oral, medication management of, 299 301 Microbiology, clinical, introduction to, for general dentist, 179 197 oral, in dental practice, 184 185 Microbiome, human oral, 305 oral, composition and homeostasis of, factors affecting, 202 203 normal oral microflora and, 200 201 nutrition of, 206, 207 Microflora, normal oral, and oral microbiome, 200 201 oral, nutritional resources for, 206, 207 resident oral, beneficial effects of, 202 203 Molecular DNA-based subgingival biofilm analysis, in periodontitis, 190 Moxifloxacin, in odontogenic infections, 249 250 Mucormycosis, 337 338 Mucosal infections, oral, 283 304 causes of, 284 microbiologic sampling methods in, 284 286 Mumps, 359 360 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmission risk of, 443 444
464 Mycoplasma, 313 Myeloid cell line, 404 O Odontogenic infections, 235 252 anaerobes in, 242 243, 244 antibiotics in, 248 250 clinical presentations of, 236 239 diagnosis of, 244 246 epidemiology of, 220 221 microbes associated with, 221 microbiology of, 241 246 oral mucosa and, 185 186 spread of, 239 241 treatment of, 246 248 Oral diseases, microorganisms associated with, 181 of infectious origin, 180 183 Oral flora, normal, acquisition of, 201 202 and oral ecosystem, 199 215 role in systemic infection, 212 Oral habitats, 203 204 Oral health care providers, exposed to disease, postexposure management in, 449 work restrictions for, 444, 445 448 immunizations designated for, 405 407 immunosuppressed, vaccine-preventable diseases in, 416 417 percutaneous injuries among, 444 vaccine confidence in, 419 420 vaccine-preventable diseases and, 407 416 Osteomyelitis, acute, 272, 273 and chronic, microbiology of, and antibiotic treatment, 271 282 chronic, 272, 273 primary, 273, 281 classification of, 272 274 fungal, 273 274 microbiology of, 274 275, 276 pathogenesis of, 272 P Penicillin, in odontogenic infections, 248 in osteomyelitis, 275 Periimplantitis, 183 Periodontal disease, causes of, 255 chemotherapeutics in, 264 266 histopathology of, 260 261 identification of bacteria in, 255 256 inflammation in, changes with, 254 255 structure and composition of plaque in, 256 258 types of, 254 Periodontal health, plaque control/oral hygiene/home care in, 266
465 Periodontal infections, bacteria implicated in, 261 263 bacterial virulence and pathogenecity in, 261 263 Periodontal microbiology, 253 269 Periodontal microbiology culture analysis, in periodontitis, 187 189 Periodontal pockets, microbes associated with, 220 Periodontal-systemic connection, 263 264 Periodontitis, 307 attachment loss and bone loss in, 261 chronic, 180 182 treatment planning for, microbial testing in, 190 191 clinical microbiology in, 186 epidemiology of, 220, 254 locally delivered antimicrobials in, 265 266 molecular DNA-based subgingival biofilm analysis in, 190 periodontal microbiology culture analysis in, 187 189 refractory, 182 systemic antibiotics in, 264, 265 tissue destruction in, adaptive immunity and, 260 innate immunity and, 259 260 treatment of, 264 Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, 413 Pneumonia, Candida, 329 Polyenes, in candidiasis, 330 Porphyromonas gingivalis, 431 Prevotella, 313 314 Prosthedontic and orthodontic appliances, bacteria and, 204 Proteobacteria, 308 Pyrimidines, 336 R Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette, 448 Rhomboid glossitis, median, 327 Rubella, 359 Rubeola, 358 359 S Saliva, bacterial growth and, 205 Spirochaetes, 315 Spore monitoring, and dual-monitoring strips in sterilization bags, 452 453 Staphylococci, 310 311 Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant, epidemiology of, 222 224, 226 Sterilization, disinfection versus, 449 450 methods of, 451 452 Sterilization bags, dual-monitoring strips in, spore monitoring and, 452 453 Stomatitis, denture, 323 Streptococci, 311 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae, vaccination against, 413 Syphilis, 293 296
466 T Teeth, microbes and effects on, 204 Tenericutes, 310 313 Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccination, 413 414 Tongue, dorsum of, buccal mucosa and, 203 204 Tuberculosis, in oral cavity, 286 288 vaccinations against, 415 416 Typhoid and tuberculosis, vaccinations against, 415 416 V Vaccinations, immunizations and, 404 405 Vaccine confidence, assessment of, 417 418 in health care providers, 419 420 in public, 418 419 Vaccine-preventable disease(s), in immunosuppressed oral health care providers, 416 417 in oral health care, 420 oral health care providers and, 407 416 strategies for, 416 Vancomycin, in osteomyelitis, 279 treatment with, failure of, 226 227 Varicella, 353 354 Varicella zoster virus, vaccination against, 411 412 Veillonella, 312 Viral infections, oral, 351 363 antiviral susceptibility testing in, 362 specimen collection for viral culture and diagnosis, 361 362 Viral lesions, specimen collection and transportation in, 298 299 W Waterlines, dental unit, 455 456