By the end of this session you ll be able to : Define nutrition, nutrition science Recognize the relation between nutrition & health. Understand the types of Classification of nutrients deal with the Food Guide Pyramid : the process by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance of tissues Nutrients- components of food: Provide energy Provide structural materials Provide regulatory agents that support cell growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues May reduce the risk of certain diseases science: the science of food, the nutrients and the substances there in, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease, and the process by which the organism ingests, absorbs, transport, utilizes, and excretes food substances ---- The Council on Food and of the American Medical Association Actions in the body include: Ingestion Digestion Absorption 1
Transport Metabolism Excretion al Goals: Quality intake: that allows you to function at your best and promotes health. Intake that provides adequate levels of each nutrient Quantity of intake: that promotes a healthy body weight. Diet and Health: Diet - the foods one consumes The quality of your daily diet affects the risk of chronic diseases. Meaning..The food choices you make daily have a cumulative impact on your health plays a central role in all life functions Animals often spend a large amount of time and energy obtaining food and feeding, but we humans do not Nowadays we can choose between nutritious/non-nutritious foods Food choice makes a big difference to our health and the risk of: deficiency under nutrition,excess over nutrition 2
Our food choices are determined by: - habits usually established in childhood - personal likes and dislikes - cost of food - convenience of shopping and preparing - education about what is nutritious and healthy Chronic health issues associated with diet include: Cardiovascular disease Hypertension Obesity Type II Diabetes Osteoporosis What s Considered Food? Foods contain nutrients and are derived from plant or animal sources Nutrients are used by the body to provide energy and to support growth, maintenance and repair of body tissues ~ 40 nutrients identified at this time Classifying Nutrients I) (according to its types) There are 6 Classes of Nutrients: 1. Carbohydrates 3
2. Lipids (fats) 3. Proteins 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water Body composition II) Essential or nonessential Essential nutrients : nutrients the body either cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs. These nutrients must be obtained from 4
foods (ingested in some manner Examples: Vitamins, Calcium, iron, and other minerals, some of the amino acids. The Six Criteria for Nutrient Essentiality: The nutrient. is essential for one or more of the (8) functions of life is not synthesized or synthesized adequately in the body has a function that is either biochemical or structural if deficient, a recognizable loss of function or structure results if deficient the loss of function or structure is proportional to degree and duration of depletion if deficient the loss of function is, in the short term, reversible by the specific nutrient Essential Nutrients and Life Functions: Life Functions Key Essential Nutrients Movement Calcium and vitamin D bones, Protein and potassium - muscles Respiration transport, Sensitivity Vitamin B metabolism, iron oxygen Iodine thyroid hormone and metabolic rate B vitamins - central and peripheral nerves Iron and iodine - intellectual development Zinc and iron - appetite 5
Excretion Reproduction Growth Defence Water, sodium and potassium - urine excretion Iron and B vitamins fertility and pregnancy outcome Energy, protein, iron, zinc, vitamin A infant growth Protein, vitamin A and zinc - immune function Nonessential nutrients: body can make from other nutrients ingested Examples: Cholesterol Some amino acids. III) Classifying Nutrients by Composition: Organic nutrients - Vitamins contain carbon: Carbohydrates,Lipids, Proteins, Inorganic nutrients - do not contain carbon,: Minerals, Water 6
IV) Quantity Needed: Macronutrients: need in relatively large amounts :Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Micronutrients: need in relatively small amounts :All other nutrients V)Energy-yielding nutrients : Carbohydrates, Fats (lipids),proteins Food guide pyramid In 1992, the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) adopted the nutritional guide that was created at Tufts University. It is in the shape of a pyramid, to help people remember what food to eat. The pyramid looks like this: 7
This pyramid shows different food groups, and the servings you should have of each. For example, you should have 6 to 11 servings a day of foods in the Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group. We notice that the bottom of the pyramid, the biggest part, is the Bread, Cereal, Rice & Pasta Group. This pyramid shows that that is where you should get the most servings per day. The top part, the Fats, Oils & Sweets Group is the smallest. That shows that you shouldn't have too much fat or oil in your diet. In April 2005, the USDA replaced the original pyramid with another pyramid by turning it on its side and making the sections vertical instead of horizontal. Looking at this pyramid, there are different colored parts of the pyramid, but each one gets smaller as it goes toward the top. The part 8
toward the top is for the less healthy foods in the category, and the part at the bottom is for the healthier foods.. For example, you might put whole milk at the top of the Milk group, and non-fat milk at the bottom; or you could put whole grains at the bottom of the Grains group and refined grains at the top. The parts of the pyramid also show how important they are by the width of the band. The small yellow one that has no name on the bottom contains fats and oils. The unsaturated oils, like peanut, canola, or olive, would be at the bottom. Butter would be at the top. The person climbing the steps on the left side of the pyramid symbolizes the importance of exercise. Faculty members at the Harvard School of Public Health made an alternate pyramid, which they called the Healthy Eating Pyramid. 9
Notice this pyramid has a section on the bottom called Daily Exercise and Weight Control. It is built this way to show that daily exercise and weight control are the foundation for good health. Faculty members at the Harvard School of Public Health made an alternate pyramid, which they called the Healthy Eating Pyramid.Notice this pyramid has a section on the bottom called Daily Exercise and Weight Control. It is built this way to show that daily exercise and weight control are the foundation for good health. The nutrition advice in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is changed every five years. 11