International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 2(5): September-October 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES Life Sciences Original Article!!! Received: 11-09-2012; Revised; Accepted: 31-10-2012 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM LINN.LEAF S. Senthilkumar 1 and K.Vijayakumari 2 * 1. Research and Development, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2. Department of Botany,NKR Govt. Arts College (Women), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India. Keywords: Cardiospermumhalicacabum, Ethanolic extract, Phytochemical compounds, GC-MS analysis, 3-O-methyld-glucose, Vitamin-E acetate For Correspondence: K. Vijayakumari Department of Botany, NKR Govt. Arts College (Women), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: drsenthilkumarbio@gmail.com ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate the Cardiospermumhalicacabum leaf for phytochemical compounds and GC-MS analysis. The presence of phytochemical compounds was screened by qualitative method. The results showed the presence of phytochemical compounds of carbohydrates, protein, lipid, phenol, saponin, flavonoids, steroids,tannin and phlobatannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides were not detected. In GC-MS analysis, 15 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract of Cardiospermumhalicacabum the components were identified by comparing their relation indices and mass spectra Fragmentation patterns with those stored on the MS-Computer library and also form the published literatures. The major constituents were 3-Omethyl-d-glucose and Vitamin-E acetate, etc. 30 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
INTRODUCTION Plants are the traditional sources for many chemicals used as Pharmaceutical biochemicals, Fragrances, Food colours MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of Plant Material: The leaves ofcardiospermumhalicacabum was collected from Thennilai, near Karur District in and Flavours [1] Medicinal plants are at Tamilnadu. great interest to the researcher in the field of Biotechnology, as most of the drug industries depend in part on plants for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. The use of plants in ethnomedicine is increasing around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that approximately 80% of the world s population currently uses herbal medicines as teas, decocts or extracts with easily accessible liquids such as water, milk or alcohol [2]. Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn Preparation of Plant Extract: The leaves of Cardiospermumhalicacabum was shade dried at room temperature. The dried material was then homogenized to obtain coarse powder and stored in air-tight bottles for further analysis. The shade dried, powdered leaves were extracted [7] with ethanol by hot extraction using soxhlet apparatus collected and stored in a vial for further analysis. Phytochemical Screening: The ethanolic extract of leaf was subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis [8,9]. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [Sapindaceae] common name Ballonvine. Analysis: The Gas Chromatography-Mass Tamil name mudakkathan. Annual climber, stems puberulous, tendrils present. Leaves biternate, essentially trifoliate with each part divided again into 3 leaflets, leaflets with coarse serrate teeth. Flowers in axillary heads, usually 3- Flowered by abortion, white with a yellowish centre. [3,4,5,6]. Hence in present study to perform phytochemical Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extract was performed using a clarus 500 Perkin Elmer gas chromatography equipped with a Elite-5 capillary coloumn [5% Phenyl and 95% methyl Polysaccharides Siloxane] and mass detector turbomass gold of the compact which was operated in E1 mode. Elite wax (Polyethylene glycol) (30mmx0.25mm X0.25umdf) is a polar coloumn used in the estimation) analysis(qualitative method), GC-MS analysis which is of great medicinal value. 31 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
An insert gas such as Hydrogen or Nitrogen or Helium is used as a carrier gas at a flow rate 1ml/min, split 10:1. The components of test sample is evaporated in the injection part of the GC equipment and segregated in the coloumn by adsorption and desorption technique with suitable temperature programmes of the over controlled by software.different components are eluted from based on the boiling point of the individual components [10]. The GC coloumn is heated in the oven between 110 C to 280 C. The time at which each component eluted from the GC coloumn is termed as retention time (RT). The total GC running time 36 min. The eluted component is detected in the mass detector. The spectrum of the known components stored in the NIST library and ascertains the name, molecular weight and structure of the components of the test material in GC-MS study. Table 1: Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical Components Sl.No Phytochemical Components Ethanol extract 1 Carbohydrates + 2 Protein + 3 Lipid + 4 Phenol + 5 Tannin + 6 Saponin + 7 Phlobatannins - 8 Terpenoids - 9 Flavonoids + 10 Steroids + 11 Cardiacglycosides - + Referred to Presence - Referred to Absence Table 2: Phyto compounds identified from the leaf of Cardiospermumhalicacabum Sl.No RT Name of the Compound Molecular Formula MW Peak Area% 1 5.87 Aceticacid [(2,4,6-triethylbenzoyl) thio]- C15H2003S 280 0.62 2 6.98 1,6,10-Dodecatriene, 7,11, dimethyl-3- C15H24 204 1.31 methylene-(e)- 32 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
3 7.72 Cyclohexene, 3-(1,5-dimethyl 4-hexenyl)-6- C15H24 204 1.62 methylene-,[s-(r*,s*)]- 4 7.91 Phenol, 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylmethylcarbamate C17H27NO2 277 0.39 5 9.89 3-O-methyl-d-glucose C7H14O6 194 47.41 6 11.60 1,14-Tetradecanediol C14H30O2 230 9.19 7 12.08 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol C20H40O 296 2.08 8 14.93 Phytol C20H40O 296 6.10 9 17.29 Pseudoephedrine,(+)- C10H15NO 165 0.62 10 19.78 2-Propenamide, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]- C7H14N2O 142 0.54 11 20.80 E-2-Octadecadecen-1-ol C18H36O 268 0.39 12 24.64 Squalene C30H50 410 5.25 13 28.94 Vitamin E acetate C31H52O3 472 8.80 14 31.02 Silane, 1,4,-Phenylenebis[trimethyl]- C12H22Si2 222 2.93 15 33.05 α-amyrintrimethylsilyl ether C33H58OSi 498 12.74 Fig-1 GC-MS chromatogram of Cardiospermumhalicacabumleaf extract RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The present study was carried out in the ethanolic extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum leaves. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract indicated the presence of carbohydrates, protein, lipid, phenol, saponin, flavonoids,steroids and tannin (Table-1). 33 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
In the GC-MS analysis, 15 bio active phytochemical compounds were identified in the ethanolic extract in this plant (Table- 2). The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula. The results indicated that the compound,3-0- methyl-d-glucose with molecular formula C7 H14O6with RT 9.89 min has high peak area 47.41%,followed by α- Amyrintrimethylsilyl ether with molecular REFERENCES 1. Leung, A.Y., 1980. Encyclopedia common natural ingredients used in Food drugs and cosmetics. John Wiley, New York. 2. Kalidass C, Daniel A, Mohan V.R. Rapid propagation of Plumbagozeylanica L. An important medicinal Plant.J.Am.Sci., (2010); 6(10) :1027-1031. 3. Hyde, M.A., Warsten, B.T. &Ballings, P.(2011). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information. Cardiospermumhalicacabum. 4. Singh &Gurjaran (2004). Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. En Field, New Hampshire: Science Publishers. PP.438-440. formula C33 H58 OSi with RT 33.05 min has peak area 12.74%(Fig-1). This study has revealed the presence of many secondary metabolites and bioactive phytocomponents in the leaf of Cardiospermumhalicacabum which might be of a very important medicinal value and further plan of study include isolation and purification of bioactive phyto components [13]. 5. Harrington, mark G., Karen J. Edwards, Sheila.A. Johnson, Mark W. Chase & Paul A. Gadek (2005). Phylo genetic inference in sapindaceae systematic Botany 30(2): 366-382. 6. Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J.(2007). The families of flowering plants., descriptions, illustrations, identification and information retrieval. 7. Adams R.P(1995). Identification of Essential Oil components by Gas Chromatography and mass spectrometry. 4 th ed. Allured publ.corp.carolstream. IL.USA. 8. Kokate, C.K., A.P. Purohit and S.B. Gokhale, 2002. pharmacognosy, 34 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
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