Inflammation and Lung Cancer

Inflammation and Lung Cancer

Steven M. Dubinett Editor Inflammation and Lung Cancer 1 3

Editor Steven M. Dubinett David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles California USA ISBN 978-1-4939-2723-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2724-1 ISBN 978-1-4939-2724-1 (ebook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937903 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface The inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) has a multifaceted role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Whereas genetic changes are critical for the malignant transformation of epithelial cells, we now understand that components of the developing lung TME are active participants in the events precipitating lung cancer initiation and progression. Inflammation can influence the TME to orchestrate creation of a hypoxic environment, increased angiogenesis and invasion, as well as expand stem cell phenotypes. Although the origin of the inflammatory TME is an active area of investigation, two pathways have been postulated. In the intrinsic pathway, the inflammatory microenvironment is generated by genetic alterations within premalignant or neoplastic cells that lead to increased production of inflammatory mediators. Conversely, in the extrinsic pathway, the inflammatory environment is accommodating to cancer development and progression. Thus, inflammation could be present due to an unresolved infection or chronic exposure to carcinogens. A body of evidence exists at the preclinical, clinical, epidemiological, molecular, and pathological levels suggesting that inflammation is strongly associated with the development of lung cancer. Here, inflammation and lung cancer is addressed in the context of the molecular pathology of the disease as well as the relationship to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, the important relationships between inflammation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lung cancer initiation and metastases are reviewed. Our understanding regarding inflammationdependent regulation of angiogenesis and eicosanoid metabolism has opened new opportunities to translate findings to clinical interventions in prevention and therapy. Finally, research in understanding the nature of inflammation and immunity in the lung cancer TME has led to ground-breaking studies applying immunotherapeutic approaches for lung cancer. The phenotype of the adaptive immune infiltrate and the diversity of cellular elements that either promote eradication of malignancy or facilitate an immunosuppressive TME favoring tumor progression are being assessed in the context of the mutational landscape of evolving and established lung cancer. These studies, reviewed here, hold promise for additional progress in controlling inflammation and leading to further improvements in immunotherapy for lung cancer. Los Angeles, CA June 2015 Steven M. Dubinett v

Contents 1 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: The Relationship to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease... 1 A. McGarry Houghton and Steven D. Shapiro 2 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: The Role of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition... 23 Tonya C. Walser, Stacy J. Park, Jane Yanagawa and Steven M. Dubinett 3 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Molecular Pathology... 69 Humam Kadara, Wilbur A. Franklin and Ignacio I. Wistuba 4 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Prevention... 95 Alison K. Bauer, York E. Miller and Robert L. Keith 5 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: The Link to Angiogenesis... 137 Tina El Rayes, Raul Catena, Shahin Rafii, Nasser Altorki and Vivek Mittal 6 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Eicosanoids... 161 Raphael Nemenoff and Miguel Gijon 7 Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Addressing Inflammation with Immunotherapy... 191 Sherven Sharma, Siwen Hu-Lieskovan, Steven M. Dubinett and Jay Moon Lee Index... 211 vii

Contributors Nasser Altorki Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Alison K. Bauer Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA Raul Catena Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Steven M. Dubinett Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Tina El Rayes Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Wilbur A. Franklin Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA Miguel Gijon Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA ix

x Contributors A. McGarry Houghton Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA Siwen Hu-Lieskovan Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Humam Kadara Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Robert L. Keith Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, 1055 Clermont St., USA Jay Moon Lee Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA York E. Miller Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, USA Vivek Mittal Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Raphael Nemenoff Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA Stacy J. Park Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Shahin Rafii HHMI, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Steven D. Shapiro Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Sherven Sharma Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Tonya C. Walser Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Ignacio I. Wistuba Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA Jane Yanagawa Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA