1 EU-project: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXISTING DATA ON NUTRITION AND LIFESTYLE OF THE AGEING POPULATION IN EUROPE, ESPECIALLY IN THE NEW BALTIC, CENTRAL AND EASTERN REGIONS OF THE COMMUNITY Agreement Number - 2003113 Acronym: AgeingNutrition INTERIM IMPLEMENTATION REPORT Study period: 01/05/2004-01/05/2005 - Annex STUDY overview (West European countries/ Baltic, Central, Eastern countries) June 2005
WEST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (Part I) STUDY - OVERVIEW raw data random sample AGE GROUP 1 55-64 years 2 65-74 years 3 75-84 years 4 85+ years number of participants male / female 1 rural /urban national/ regional/ local nursing home (NH)/ free living elderly (free) free GERMANY (1) 1997 yes yes 2/3/4 144 / 217 rural/ urban regional GERMANY (2) 1998 yes yes 2/3/4 654 / 896 rural/ national free urban AUSTRIA 2002 yes no 1/2/3/4 87 / 555 urban regional free/nh AUSTRIA 2000 no no 65+ 11 / 42 urban regional NH AUSTRIA 1996 yes no 1/2/3/4 12 / 66 urban regional NH GREECE (Crete 1) yes yes 3/4 182 / 0 rural regional free 1997/98 GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 yes yes 1 51 / 0 rural regional free GREECE (Crete 3) excluded: small number of 1/2/3/4 33 / 5 free 1997 participants in each age group GREECE (Crete 4) excluded: small number of 1/ 9 / 4 free 1997 participants in each age group GREECE (Crete 5) 1995/97 excluded: small number of participants in each age group 1/2/3 26 / 2 free GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 yes yes 1/2 47 / 47 urban regional free GREECE (2) 2001/02??? yes 2/3 145 / 164 rural/urban regional free light grey marked studies: data are still missing (means, median, percentages etc.) from the country and therefore not entered; they might be also excluded violet marked studies: excluded 1 in consideration of indicated age groups 1
WEST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES (Part II) STUDY - OVERVIEW raw data random sample AGE GROUP 1 55-64 years 2 65-74 years 3 75-84 years 4 85+ years number of participants male / female 1 rural /urban national/ regional/ local nursing home (NH)/ free living elderly (free) Belgium I SENECA older than 10 years 71-76 126 /105 no Belgium II 1993 SENECA older than 10 years 75-80 no BELGIUM III 1996 no age group no age group free BELGIUM VI 2003 no age group no age group no BELGIUM V 1997-2001 Data are available for 1500 75+ depends on free Euro; detailed information about data are not available until now parameter SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 no no 60-97 24 / 69 NA local NH SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 no yes 55-64/65-75 180 / 213 urban regional free /rural SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 no no 65+ 60 / 64 NA local NH SPAIN (CATALONIA) 2002-2003 no data are available 45-64 / 65-80 602 / 342 free SPAIN (REUS) FOLLOW-UP 1999 no yes 55-69 58 / 51 urban / rural local free light grey marked studies: data are still missing (means, median, percentages etc.) from the country and therefore not entered; they might be also excluded violet marked studies: excluded 1 in consideration of indicated age groups 2
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS social situation health status marital status living situation school education net household income (per month and person) GERMANY (1) 1997 1 GERMANY (2) 1998 ** 1 AUSTRIA 2002 ** 1 AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 *(58+) ² GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 GREECE (2) 2001/02? SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 3 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 1 numbers (no specification) * age group differs from study description ²main categories 3 both sexes subjective health chronic diseases medication use depressed mood dental prosthesis chewing problems sleep disturbance activities of daily living 3
ANTHROPOMETRY I height (self-reported) weight (self-reported) BMI (self-reported) weight loss (unintended) kg GERMANY (1) 1997 ** GERMANY (2) 1998 ** AUSTRIA 2002 ** AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 *(58+)/** GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 ** GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02? SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 1 biceps skin fold thickness, sub-scapular skin fold thickness * age group differs from study description weight loss (intended) kg height (measured) weight (measured) BMI (measured) waist circumference hip circumference waist-hip-ratio mid arm circumference triceps skinfold thickness 4
ANTHROPOMETRY II 5 BMI classification - obesity, overweight, normal weight, underweight (self-reported weight & height) weight loss (%) unintended weight loss (%) intended BMI classification (%) measured BMI classification - obesity, overweight, normal weight, underweight (measured weight & height) waist circumference (%) >102 (m) / 88 (w) WHR (%) >1,0 (m) / >0,8 (w) mid arm circumference (%) <21 / 21-<22/ >=22 GERMANY (1) 1997 3 GERMANY (2) 1998 ** 3 AUSTRIA 2002 ** AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02? SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 1 2 4 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 * age group differs from study description 1 BMI: <25;25- <30; >= 30 kg/m² 2 % WHR - >=1,0 (m) / >=0,9 (w) 3 BMI: <20; 20-<24; 24-<29; >=29 4 calculation from is possible
BIOCHEMISTRY BLOOD LIPID total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol total cholesterol : HDL LDL : HDL triglycerides total lipids total cholesterol (%) < 5 mmol/l HDL-cholesterol (%) (m) >0,9 mmol/l / (w) >1,15 mmol/l LDL-cholesterol (%) < 3 mmol/l total cholesterol : HDL (%) (m) <4,2 / (w) <3,6 triglycerides (%) < 1,5 mmol/l GERMANY (1) 1997 GERMANY (2) 1998 AUSTRIA 2002 * / ** AUSTRIA 2000 * / ** / *** AUSTRIA 1996 *(58+)/ ** 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02? SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 1 1 1 1 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 1 mg/dl * age group differs from study description 2 calculation from is possible 6
Dietary intake ENERGY MACRONUTRIENTS methods energy kcal energy MJ fat (g) fat %energy SAFA (g) SAFA %energy MUFA (g) MUFA %energy GERMANY (1) 1997 ** 3-d-estim 3 GERMANY (2) 1998 ** 3-d-estim 3 AUSTRIA 2002 24-h-recall AUSTRIA 2000 * / *** 7-d-weigh 4 AUSTRIA 1996 * / ** 7-d-weigh 4 GREECE (Crete 1) 2 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 2 ** GREECE (Crete 6) ** 24-h-recall GREECE (2) 2001/02? 7-d-estim 3 SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 7-d-weigh 4 ; FFQ SPAIN (CANARIAS) no sd 24-h; semiquant. FFQ 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 7-d-weigh 4 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 1 * age group differs from study description 24-h (3 consecutive days, incl. a holiday) 2 quant. diet history (83 food Items) 3 3-day-estimated food record 7-day-weighed food record PUFA (g) PUFA %energy n6 fatty acids (g) n6 fatty acids %energy n3 fatty acids (g) n3 fatty acids %energy cholesterol (mg) protein (g) protein %energy animal protein (g) animal protein %energy vegetable protein (g) vegetable protein %energy carbohydrates (g) carbohydrates %energy sucrose %energy polysaacharides %enrgy alcohol (g) alcohol %energy dietary fiber (g) water (g) 7
Dietary intake VITAMINS vitamin A (mg) vitamin A equivalents (mg) ß-carotene (mg) vitamin D (µg) vitamin E (mg) vitamin E equivalents vitamin B1 (mg) vitamin B2 (mg) niacin (mg) niacin equivalents (mg) vitamin B6 (mg) folic acid (µg) folic acid equivalents (µg) pantothenic acid (mg) biotin (µg) vitamin B12 (µg) vitamin C (mg) GERMANY (1) 1997 ** GERMANY (2) 1998 ** AUSTRIA 2002 AUSTRIA 2000 * / *** AUSTRIA 1996 * / ** GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 ** GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02 SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 * age group differs from study description 8
Dietary intake MINERALS sodium (mg) calcium (mg) potassium (mg) magnesium (mg) iron (mg) zinc (mg) iodine (mg) selenium (mg) copper (mg) manganese (mg) GERMANY (1) 1997 ** GERMANY (2) 1998 ** AUSTRIA 2002 AUSTRIA 2000 * / *** AUSTRIA 1996 * / ** GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 ** GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02 SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 * age group differs from study description 9
FOOD INTAKE methods units bread and rolls GERMANY (1) 1997 FFQ port/d GERMANY (2) 1998 AUSTRIA 2002 FFQ/24-h-recall 1 g/d 2 AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 FFQ (83 items) g/d 3 3 GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 FFQ (83 items) g/d 3 3 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 24-h-recall g/d 3 3 GREECE (2) 2001/02 FFQ (153 items) port/week SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 6 g/d 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 4 % in energy 5 intake 1 FFQ (27 items; possible answers: never; 1-3x/month, 1x/week, 2-3x/week * age group differs from study description 4-6x/week, daily, 2-3/day, several times a day, separated in different age groups); 24-h-recall (7 items g/day: only one age group) results from the 24-h-recall are shown 2 incl. potatoes milk & yoghourt together 3x 24-h-recall (3 consecutive days, incl. a holiday) milk products FFQ (81 items); 2x 24-h-recall (2 consecutive days incl. holidays) during a 15-days period cereals and cereal products, rice, pasta bakery products (biscuits, cakes ) milk and milk products milk cheese yoghourt eggs pulses nuts potatoes and other starchy roots fruits vegetables 10
FOOD INTAKE fish seafood fish and seafood meat pork meat beef, veal offals poultry meat products meat and meat products total added lipids sugar & sugar products (jam, honey, chocolate, sweets) GERMANY (1) 1997 GERMANY (2) 1998 AUSTRIA 2002 AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 GREECE (2) 2001/02 SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 1 2 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 1 read meat, white meat 2 sausages 11
FOOD INTAKE non-alcoholic beverages coffee tea black tea herb tea water, mineralwater soft drinks fruit & vegetable juices fruit juices vegetable juices alcoholic beverages wine red wine white wine beer spirits GERMANY (1) 1997 GERMANY (2) 1998 AUSTRIA 2002 AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 GREECE (2) 2001/02 SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 12
LIFE STYLE use of supplements (kind/amount/frequency) meals walking, biking, gardening GERMANY (1) 1997 1 GERMANY (2) 1998 ** AUSTRIA 2002 2 AUSTRIA 2000 AUSTRIA 1996 GREECE (Crete 1) 1997/98 ** GREECE (Crete 2) 1997 ** GREECE (Crete 6) 1997 ** GREECE (2) 2001/02? SPAIN (GRANADA) 1995 SPAIN (CANARIAS) 1997/98 SPAIN (LEÓN) 1997 SPAIN (REUS) 1999 physical activity smoking alcoholic beverages * age group differs from study description 1 different kinds 2 vitamins or minerals Possible answers for parameters physical activity and smoking are shown on the next pages 13
Assessment of physical activities in several West European countries Germany (1) no sports <1 h/week 1 - <3 h/week 3 - <5 h/week >=5 h/week no answer walking, biking and gardening was analyzed separate Germany (2) regularly, >5 h / week; regularly, 3-5 h / week; regularly, 1-3 h / week; less than 1 h / week; no sports no answer / unknown Austria 2002 1/2 h / day 1 h / day >1 h / day no answer 1/2 h sometimes 1 h sometimes >1 h sometimes no answer Austria 1996 1/2 h / day 1 h / day >1 h / day no answer 1/2 h sometimes 1 h sometimes >1 h sometimes no answer Greece 2 regularly, >5 h/week; regularly, 3-5 h/week; regularly, 1-3 h/week; less than 1 h/week; no sports no answer / unknown Spain (Canarias) sedentary light moderate vigorous no answer / unknown 14
Assessment of smoking habits in several countries and studies: Germany (1) / Germany (2) smoker former smoker non-smoker no answer / unknown Austria 1996 non-smoker < 5 cigarettes / day 5-10 cig. / day 10-20 cig. / day pipe smoker Crete 1 / Crete 2 / Crete 6 cigarettes per day; (mean+/-sd) current smoker non-ex smoker no answer / unknown Greece 2 cigarettes per day; former smoker How long? How much? non-smoker no answer / unknown Spain Canarias smoker (WHO categorization norms) former smoker (WHO categorization norms) non-smoker (WHO categorization norms) no answer / unknown 15
Baltic, Central and Eastern regions (Part I) STUDY - overview raw data random sample AGE GROUP 1 55-64 years 2 65-74 years 3 75-84 years 4 85+ years number of participants male / female 1 rural/ urban national/ regional/ local HUNGARY I 2003 are not available, yes 1/2/3/4 626/1037 rural/urban national free but all required data can be calculated (different age groups etc.) HUNGARY II 2000 no access to required data free HUNGARY III 2003 no access to required data no yes 60-69, 70-79, 80+ 83/130 urban local free HUNGARY IV 1997 no age group free HUNGARY V 1992-94 older than 10 years, age m: 19-59; f: 19-44; free group is not relevant 45-54 HUNGARY VI 2003 only mean age / no relevant age: 60,7± 9,15-47/147 free parameters 47/147 HUNGARY VII 1995 yes yes 1/2/3/4 147/384 urban local NH HUNGARY VIII 1995 yes yes 1/2/3/4 185/433 urban local NH HUNGARY IX 2002 Annual of no relevant parameters health statistic free health statistic HUNGARY X 2004 health status of the elderly no relevant parameters except chronic diseases health statistic free BULGARIA 1998 no yes 60-75; 75+ 287/307 rural/urban national free nursing home (NH)/ free living elderly (free) LATVIA (1) 1997 yes 1 356 / 497 rural/urban national free LATVIA (2) 1998 no age group?? LATVIA (3) 2000 yes 1 169 / 290 rural/urban national free LATVIA (4)? no age group?? LATVIA (5) 2004 patients with osteoarthritis no 55-85 52 urban regional NH POLAND 2000 yes 1/2/3/4 318 / 467 rural /urban national free POLAND 1996 only health parameters 1/2/3 free light grey marked studies: data are still missing (means, median, percentages etc.) from the country and therefore not entered; they might be also excluded violet marked studies: excluded 1 in consideration of indicated age groups 16
Baltic, Central and Eastern regions (Part II) STUDY - overview raw data random sample AGE GROUP 1 55-64 years 2 65-74 years 3 75-84 years 4 85+ years number of participants male / female 1 rural/ urban national/ regional/ local nursing home (NH)/ free living elderly (free) ROMANIA (1) 2000 small number of participants 1/2 10 / 11 free in each age group ROMANIA (2) 2002 yes no 1/2 (only female) - / 153 rural local free ROMANIA (3) 2002 yes no 1/2/3 112 / 126 rural / national free urban ROMANIA (4) 2003 yes no 1/2/3 90/150 rural / national free urban ROMANIA (5) 1993 older than 10 years 60-80 free ROMANIA (6) 1992 older than 10 years 60-80 free ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 both sexes; no age groups yes no 50-59/60-69/70-79/80-59 / 126 rural / local nh except blood lipid 89/90+ urban ROMANIA (8) 1992-1994 older than 10 years 40-59/60-80 free ROMANIA (9) 1993 older than 10 years 1/2/3/4 nh ROMANIA (10) 1995-1996 no relevant data for dietary yes yes 1/2/3/4 26 / 72 urban local nh intake (was calculated from a 7-day menu in spring and 7-day menu in autumn) SLOVAKIA (1)2002-2003 yes yes 1/2/3/4 2844/4856 NA national free SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 yes yes 1 24/28 rural / national free urban SLOVENIA 2002 *persons in wheelchair? no 1/2/3/4 35 / 88 (8/11)* NA local NH SLOVENIA 1999? yes 55-59/60-69/70+ 36 / 40 rural national free SLOVENIA 1997 55-65 free light grey marked studies: data are still missing (means, median, percentages etc.) from the country and therefore not entered; they might be also excluded violet marked studies: excluded 1 in consideration of indicated age groups 17
Baltic, Central and Eastern regions (Part III) STUDY - overview raw data random sample AGE GROUP 1 55-64 years 2 65-74 years 3 75-84 years 4 85+ years number of participants male / female 1 rural / urban national/ regional/ local CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 2002 yes yes 54-65 192 / 212 NA national NA nursing home (NH)/ free living elderly (free) CZECH REPUBLIC (2) 2000 yes yes 54-65 183 / 190 NA national NA CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 2000 yes yes 1/2/3/4 380 / 397 NA national NA CZECH REPUBLIC (4) 2000 age group not relevant 45-54 240 / 271 no data CZECH REPUBLIC (5) 2000 no age group 45-69 1263 no data TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 yes yes 2/3/4 468 / 640 urban regional free TURKEY (2) 1990- this study is still going on only baseline data are available no yes 60-69/70+ 288 / 282 urban /rural national TURKEY (3) 2003 no yes 65+ 549 / 751 urban local free TURKEY (4) 2000-2003 parameter: only hemoglobin 65+ sex ratio unknown - -> nonanemic 1450 anemic 370 men / 280 women; total : 2100 free TURKEY (5) 2001 parameter: only TH, T3, T4 65+ 296 / 610 free TURKEY (6) 1998/99 no yes 65+ 175 / 179 urban local free ESTONIA (1) 2000 data are not available from no no 51+ (NH) 51 urban regional NH / free* free living elderly ESTONIA (2) 1997 no yes 51-65 185 / 281 urban national free /rural ESTONIA (3) 2002 no age group no data free light grey marked studies: data are still missing (means, median, percentages etc.) from the country and therefore not entered; they might be also excluded violet marked studies: excluded 1 in consideration of indicated age groups NA: not assessed free 18
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS social status health status marital status living situation school education net household income (per month and person) subjective health chronic diseases medication use depressed mood dental prothesis chewing problems sleeping disturbance activity of daily living HUNGARY I HUNGARY VII HUNGARY VIII BULGARIA LATVIA (1) LATVIA (3) POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 1 6 7 ROMANIA (3) ROMANIA (4) ROMANIA (7) * / *** SLOVAKIA (1) ** 8 SLOVAKIA (2) 8 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 2 3 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) 4 6 CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 4 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 *** TURKEY (6) 1998/99 *** ESTONIA (1) 2000 ESTONIA (2) 1997 * age group differs from study description 1 married only 2 number of children 3 number of years 4 number of household members 5 number of subjects 6 specific medication use 7 time spent outdoor (hours per day, summer; winter, spring, fall) 8 yes, but not specified 19
ANTHROPOMETRY I height (self-reported) weight (self-reported) BMI (self-reported) weight loss unintended weight loss (intended) height (measured) weight (measured) BMI (measured) waist circumference hip circumference WHR mid arm circumference triceps skinfold thickness HUNGARY I 2003 only BMI-classification HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 only BMI-classification LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 only BMI-classification POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 2002 ** ROMANIA (3) 2002 ROMANIA (4) 2003 ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 only BMI-classification SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 ** SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 * age group differs from study description no age group 20
ANTHROPOMETRY I height (self-reported) weight (sel-freported) BMI (self-reported) weight loss (unintended) kg weight loss (intended) kg height (measured) weight (measured) BMI (measured) waist circumference hip circumference waist-hip-ratio mid arm circumferenc triceps skinfold thickness SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 2002 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) 2000 CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 2000 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA (1) 2000 ESTONIA (2) 1997 * age group differs from study description 21
ANTHROPOMETRY II BMI classification - obesity, overweight, normal weight, underweight (self-reported weight & height) weight loss (%) (unintended) weight loss (%) (intended) HUNGARY I 2003 *(65+)/ ** HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 2 LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 3 BMI classification - obesity, overweight, normal weight, underweight (measured weight & height)) waist circumference (%) >102 (m) / 88 (w) WHR (%) >1,0 (m) / >0,8 (w) POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 2002 ** ROMANIA (3) 2002 ROMANIA (4) 2003 ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 */** SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 ** SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 2002 4 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) 2000 CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 2000 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 *(65+) TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA (1) 2000 ESTONIA (2) 1997 * age group differs from study description 1 BMI classification: <25; 25- <30; >= 30 kg/m² 2 BMI classification <18,5; 18,5-24,99; 25-29,99; >= 30 kg/m² 3 underweight, normal, overweight, obesity (<18,5; 18,5-24,99; 25-29,99; >= 30 kg/m²) 4 own opinion: underweight, normal, overweight, obesity mid arm circumference (%) <21 / 21-<22/ >=22 22
BIOCHEMISTRY BLOOD LIPID total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol total cholesterol : HDL LDL : HDL triglycerides total lipids total cholesterol (%) < 5 mmol/l HDL-cholesterol (%) (m) >0,9 / (w) >1,15 mmol/l LDL-cholesterol (%) < 3 mmol/l total cholesterol : HDL (m) <4,2 / (w) <3,6 triglycerides (%) < 1,5 mmol/l HUNGARY I 2003 HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 2002 ROMANIA (3) 2002 ** total lipids < 800 mg/dl ROMANIA (4) 2003 ** total lipids < 800 mg/dl ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 ** / *** * age group differs from study description 23
BIOCHEMISTRY BLOOD LIPID total cholesterol HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol total cholesterol : HDL LDL : HDL triglycerides total lipids total cholesterol (%) < 5 mmol/l HDL-cholesterol (%) (m) >0,9 / (w) >1,15 mmol/l LDL-cholesterol (%) < 3 mmol/l total cholesterol : HDL (m) <4,2 / (w) <3,6 triglycerides (%) < 1,5 mmol/l SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 ** SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) CZECH REPUBLIC (2) CZECH REPUBLIC (3) TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA (1) 2000 ESTONIA (2) 1997 * age group differs from study description 24
Dietary intake ENERGY MACRONUTRIENTs methods energy kcal energy MJ fat (g) fat %energy SAFA (g) SAFA %energy MUFA (g) MUFA %energy PUFA (g) PUFA %energy n6 fatty acids (g) n6 fatty acids %energy n3 fatty acids (g) n3 fatty acids %energy cholesterol (mg) protein (g) protein %energy animal protein (g) animal protein %energy vegetable protein (g) vegetable protein %energy carbohydrates (g) carbohydrates %energy sucrose %energy polysaacharides %enrgy alcohol (g) alcohol %energy dietary fiber (g) water (g) HUNGARY I * / **?? 2 HUNGARY VII HUNGARY VIII BULGARIA 24-h 1 LATVIA (1) 24-h LATVIA (3) POLAND 2000 24-h * age group differs from study description 1 % of protein 2 in gram 25
Dietary intake ENERGY MACRO- NUTRIENTs methods energy kcal energy MJ fat (g) fat %energy SAFA (g) SAFA %energy MUFA (g) MUFA %energy PUFA (g) PUFA %energy n6-acids (g) n6-acids %energy n3-acids (g) n3-acids %energy cholesterol (mg) protein (g) protein %energy animal protein (g) animal protein %energy vegetable protein (g) vegetable protein %energy ROMANIA (2) ** 24-h 1 1 ROMANIA (3) 24-h 1 1 ROMANIA (4) 24-h 1 1 ROMANIA (7) * / *** 24-h SLOVAKIA 1 SLOVAKIA 2 24-h SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC 1 CZECH REPUBLIC 2 CZECH REPUBLIC 3 TURKEY (1) 24-h 2 TURKEY (3) TURKEY (6) ESTONIA (1) ***? ESTONIA (2) 24-h 1 MUFA & PUFA together * age group differs from study description 2 3x24h (consecutive days) carbohydrates (g) carbohydrates %energy sucrose %energy polysaacharides %enrgy alcohol (g) alcohol %energy dietary fiber (g) water (g) 26
Dietary intake VITAMINS vitamin A (mg) vitamin A equivalents (mg) ß-carotene (mg) vitamin D (µg) vitamin E (mg) HUNGARY I */** HUNGARY VII HUNGARY VIII BULGARIA LATVIA (1) LATVIA (3) POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) ** ROMANIA (3) ROMANIA (4) ROMANIA (7) SLOVAKIA (1) SLOVAKIA (2) SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) CZECH REPUBLIC (2) CZECH REPUBLIC (3) TURKEY (1) TURKEY (3) TURKEY (6) ESTONIA (1) ESTONIA (2) * age group differs from study description vitamin E equivalents vitamin B1 (mg) vitamin B2 (mg) niacin (mg) niacin equivalents (mg) vitamin B6 (mg) folic acid (µg) folic acid equivalents (µg) pantothenic acid (mg) biotin (µg) vitamin B12 (µg) vitamin C (mg) 27
Dietary intake MINERALS sodium (mg) HUNGARY I 2003 */**? HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 2002 ** ROMANIA (3) 2002 ROMANIA (4) 2003 ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 2002 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) 2000 CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 2000 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA (1) 2000 calcium (mg) potassium (mg) magnesium (mg) ESTONIA (2) 1997 * age group differs from study description iron (mg) zinc (mg) iodine (mg) selenium (mg) copper (mg) manganese (mg) 28
FOOD INTAKE methods units bread and rolls cereals and cereal products, rice, pasta bakery products (biscuits, cakes ) milk and milk products milk cheese yoghourt eggs pulses nuts potatoes and other starchy roots fruits vegetables HUNGARY I * / **?? 31 32 33 34 34 HUNGARY VII HUNGARY VIII BULGARIA 24-h 1 g/d 8 9 10 10 1998 LATVIA (1) 24-h 1 g/d 1997 LATVIA (3) FFQ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2000 POLAND 2000 24-h 1 g/d ROMANIA (2) 7-d-est 2 3 21 22 23 24 ROMANIA (3) 24-h 1 g/d ROMANIA (4) 24-h 1 g/d ROMANIA (7) * / *** 24-h 1 g/d 25 26 SLOVAKIA 1 SLOVAKIA 2 24-h 1 g/d SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA??? 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH FFQ 5 27 28 29 29 REPUBLIC 1 CZECH FFQ 5 REPUBLIC 2 CZECH FFQ 6 30 30 REPUBLIC 3 TURKEY (1) ** FFQ, g/d 3 time 24-h 1 TURKEY (3) *** FFQ 7 TURKEY (6) ESTONIA (1) 10-dmenu 4 g/d ESTONIA (2) 24-h 1 g/d * age group differs from study description 29
1 24-h-recall 2 7-day-estimated food record 3 possible answers: <=1/week; 2-3/week; >4/week 4 means, standard deviations and medians (in grams) are calculated for a 10-day-menu (one global record for all subjects) 5 possible answers: never, 1-2times per week,3-5times per week, daily) 6 possible answers: less than once per week, 2times per week, several times per week, daily, several times per day 7 possible answers: every day; 1-2 times in a week; 1-2 times in a month or in a year; never; no answer/unknown 8 bread (white and brown) 9 cereals and cereal products; rice was separately analyzed, pasta was separately analyzed 10 milk & yoghurt was analyzed together 11 Questions: How many slices of rue bread / white bread / rye bread / corn, bran bread do you eat per day (percentages) 12 Question: Have you used rice or pasta / porridge or dry breakfast within last week? (percentages) 13 Question: Have you used cookies or cakes within last week? (percentages) 14 Question: How many glasses of milk do you drink per day? (percentages) 15 Question: Have you used cheese within last week? (percentages) 16 Question: How many glasses of sour milk do you drink per day? (percentages) 17 Question: Have you used eggs within last week? (percentages) 18 Question: Have you used boiled potatoes / fried potatoes within last week? (percentages) 19 Question: Have you used fruits or berries within last week? 20 Question: Have you used fresh vegetables / cooked vegetables within last week? (percentages) 21 cheese & other diary products were analyzed together (percentages) 22 boiled & fried 23 fresh fruit of season 24 cooked / fresh 25 flour equivalent 26 milk equivalent 27 slices of rye bread/white bread / other bread (percentages, mean, sd) 28 type of milk usually consumed 29 fresh / other 30 summer / winter 31 pasta was separately analyzed 32 milk, cacao, white coffee 33 cottage cheese was separately analyzed 34 separate analysis for fresh & deep frozen / tin 35 separate analysis for white bread, brown bread rolls 30
FOOD INTAKE fish seafood fish and seafood meat pork meat beef, veal offals poultry meat products meat and meat products total added lipids sugar & sugar products (jam, honey, chocolate, sweets) HUNGARY I 5 6 7 HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 1 1 1 1 POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) ROMANIA (3) ROMANIA (4) ROMANIA (7) 2 SLOVAKIA 1 SLOVAKIA 2 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC 1 3 CZECH REPUBLIC 2 CZECH REPUBLIC 3 TURKEY (1) TURKEY (3) TURKEY (6) ESTONIA (1) ESTONIA (2) 4 1 Have you used this food item within last week? (percentages) 2 meat equivalent 3 sweets 4 fats & oils 5 separated analysis for canned fish 6 separated analysis for animal / plant fat 7 separated analysis for sugar & honey / jam / icecream 31
FOOD INTAKE non-alcoholic beverages coffee tea black tea herb tea water, mineral water soft drinks fruit & vegetable juices HUNGARY I 2003 HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 3 LATVIA (1) 1997 LATVIA (3) 2000 4 4 2 2 2 2 POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 ROMANIA (3) 2 2 2 2 ROMANIA (4) 2 2 2 2 ROMANIA (7) SLOVAKIA (1) SLOVAKIA (2) SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 7 7 8 9 10 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 11 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 TURKEY (3) 2003 TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA 1 ESTONIA 2 1 pasta and rice were analyzed separately 2 see lifestyle 3 coffee, tea, cacao were analyzed together 4 Question: How many cups per day? (percentages) 5 possible answers: no cups; 1 cup/day; more cups 6 possible answers: 0-2 cups/day; 3-4 cups/day; >4 cups/day 7 cups (percentage, mean, median, sd) 8 frequencies / glasses (percentage, mean, median, sd) 9 frequencies / bottles (percentage, mean, median, sd) 10 frequencies / 4cl (percentage, mean, median, sd) 11 dcl per previous week (percentage, mean, median, sd) fruit juices vegetable juices alcoholic beverages wine red wine white wine beer spirits 32
LIFE STYLE use of supplements (kind/amount/frequency) meals walking, biking, gardening physical activity smoking alcoholic beverages HUNGARY I 2003 HUNGARY VII 1995 HUNGARY VIII 1995 BULGARIA 1998 LATVIA (1) 1997 2 3 LATVIA (3) 2000 POLAND 2000 ROMANIA (2) 2002 ROMANIA (3) 2002 4 5 ROMANIA (4) 2003 5 ROMANIA (7) 1997;2000 SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 SLOVENIA 2002 SLOVENIA 1999 SLOVENIA 1997 CZECH REPUBLIC (1) 6 7 8 CZECH REPUBLIC (2) CZECH REPUBLIC (3) 6 TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 ** 1 9 TURKEY (3) 2003 TURKEY (6) 1998/99 ESTONIA (1) 2000 ESTONIA (2) 1997 10 * age group differs from study description 1 6 number yes - not detailed 2 7 percentages breakfast 3 8 snacks/regular meals yes (frequencies - beer, wine, spirits) 4 9 any mentioned supplement was written down physical activity record 5 10 yes (beer, wine, spirits (ml) yes (beer, wine, spirits frequencies) Possible answers for parameters physical activity and smoking are shown on the next pages 33
Assessment of physical activities in several Eastern, central countries Latvia(1) 1997 physical activity at work low-very sedentary work moderate-sedentary or standing work high - work involving a lot of walking very high physical activity during leisure time moderate - walking or others at least 4 hours per week high - jogging or active sport at least 4 hours per week weekly physical activities never 1-2 days a week 3+ days a week Latvia(3) 2000 time spent for walking or cycling to and from work I don't work at all or work at home I go to work by car less then 15 minutes 15-30 minutes per day 30-60 minutes per day more than one hour leisure time physical activity at least 30 minutes daily 4-6 times per week 2-3 times per week 1 time per week 2-3 times per month some time per year I can't do due to illness SLOVAKIA (1) 2002-2003 regularly, >5 h/week; regularly, 3-5 h/week regularly, 1-3 h/week less than 1 h/week no sports no answer / unknown SLOVAKIA (2) 2003 regularly, >5 h/week; regularly, 3-5 h/week regularly, 1-3 h/week less than 1 h/week no sports no answer / unknown 34
CZECH REPUBLIC (1) Number of days walking for at least 10 minutes at a time 0 day, 1 day, 2 days..7 days mean, standarddeviation, median Number of hours usually spent walking on one of 7 days 0 hour, 1-2 hours, 3-5 hours, 6-10 hours, more than 10 hours (mean, standarddeviation, median) How often do you practice sports? daily, 4-6 times a week, 2-3 times a week, once a week, 2-3 times a month, a few times a year or less, do not exercise because of illness, do not exercise because of disability, no answer / unknown CZECH REPUBLIC (2) Number of minutes a day walking or riding a bicycle to and from work never less than 15 minutes a day 30 minutes a day 45 minutes a day more than one hour a day no answer / unknown Kind of physical activities usually used during leisure time no physical activities walking, bicycling, running etc. regular sport activities no answer / unknown Time in total usually spend on one day less than 15 minutes 30 minutes as a maximum one hour as a maximum, more than one hour no answer / unknown TURKEY (1) 2003/2004 physical activity record ESONIA 2 physical activity - low physical activity - moderate physical activity - high physical activity - very high SLOVENIA 1999 activity until sweating or being tired every day 2-3 times per week rarely never no answer / unknown 35
Assessment of smoking habits in several countries and studies: LATVIA I daily occasionally non-smoking LATVIA III How many hours do you spend in the premises where anyone is smoking? more then 5 hours; 1-5 hours; less then 1 hour per day; I am not working out of home Is anyone of your family smoking at home in presence of other people? nobody is smoking; somebody is smoking Have you ever smoked? yes, no smoking index: daily smokers, occasional smokers, quitter:1-12 months ago, quitter:1over year ago, non-smokers, ROMANIA 2 smoker - start age? former smoker - stop age? how many cig. as (ex)smoker? non-smoker SLOVAKIA 1 smoker occasional smoker non-smoker CZECH REPUBLIC 1 smoking during lifetime: yes / no smoking at least 100 cigarettes or pipefuls in lifetime? yes / no daily smoking (almost every day for at least one year) smoking in life time number of years (mean, SD, median) smoking at the present time (cigarettes, cigars, pipe) daily, occasionally, not at all last smoking: yesterday or today, 2 days-1 month ago, 1 month - half a year ago, half a year to one year ago, 1-5years ago, 5-10years ago, more than 10years ago smoking cigars: yes / no; number of cigars a day (mean, SD, median) smoking manufactured cigarettes: yes / no; number of cigarettes a day (mean, SD, median) smoking self-rolled cigarettes yes / no; number of self-rolled cigarettes a day (mean, SD, median) smoking pipefuls: yes /no; number of pipefuls a day (mean, SD, median) CZECH REPUBLIC 2 smoking in the present time: regularly, occasionally, in the past, never number of years daily smoking: smoking regularly (mean; SD; median) smoking occasionally (mean; SD; median), smoking in the past (mean; SD; median) number of cigarettes per day: smoking regularly (mean; SD; median), smoking occasionally (mean; SD; median, smoking in the past (mean; SD; median) number of years not smoking: smoking in the past (mean; SD; median) CZECH REPUBLIC 3 smoker: number of cigarettes (mean, SD, median), number of years (mean, SD, median) former smoker: number of years (mean, SD, median) non-smoker 36
TURKEY 1 smoker - since when? 20 years, 21-30 years, 31-40 years, 41 years and more smoker - how much? 4, 5-1 1 year, 2 years.6 years non-smoker TURKEY 3 smoker non-smoker ESTONIA 2 daily occasionally non-smoker SLOVENIA 1999 no smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day less than 10 cigarettes / day no answer / unknown 37
This report was produced by a contractor for Health & Consumer Protection Directorate General and represents the views of the contractor or author. These views have not been adopted or in any way approved by the Commission and do not necessarily represent the view of the Commission or the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection. The European Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study, nor does it accept responsibility for any use made thereof.