Cell and Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer

Cell and Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer

Heide Schatten Editor Cell and Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer

Editor Heide Schatten Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, MO, USA ISBN 978-1-62703-633-7 ISBN 978-1-62703-634-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-634-4 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013947794 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface New research on finding effective treatment for breast cancer patients has led to a wealth of new data on a number of different levels that allowed a new understanding of the disease. It further allowed development of new strategies to treat the heterogeneous disease with different and patient-specific approaches. A variety of different efforts on genetic, cell, and molecular levels have been focused on understanding causes that lead to cellular abnormalities, cell migration, epithelial mesenchymal transition points, and metastasis that have become possible with new research methods. The advent of molecular technologies has significantly improved our understanding of the biological processes underlying breast cancer; targeted therapies are now available to inhibit specific signaling pathways that are aberrant in breast cancer cell populations, and we are now able to image signaling molecules with specific markers in live cells. Progress has also been made in designing nanoparticles that can be utilized for imaging and for targeted breast cancer treatment. The joint initiatives and efforts of advocate patients, breast cancer survivors, basic researchers, statisticians, epidemiologists, and clinicians with specific and combined expertise have allowed close communication for more effective and targeted treatment. Furthermore, reliable animal models are available for specific experimentation, and biopsies from hundreds of patients are now available through a number of different resources including the large Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC) from fourteen research centers with extensive tissue-banking components. This book highlights recent advances in our understanding of breast cancer, and it includes review articles of genetics, epigenetics, various aspects of cell and molecular biology, and several other areas of breast cancer that are aimed at determining new intervention sides for treatments and cures of breast cancer. The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in their specific fields of expertise and include reviews of key topics in the field. Cutting-edge new information is balanced with background information that will be readily understandable for the newcomer, for breast cancer patients, and for the experienced breast cancer researcher alike. All articles will highlight new aspects of specific research topics and v

vi Preface impacts on designing new strategies or identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. The topics addressed are selected to be of interest to patients, scientists, students, and teachers and to all who are interested in expanding their knowledge related to breast cancer imaging, diagnostics, therapeutics, or basic biomedical research on breast cancer. The book is intended for a large audience as a reference book on the subject and includes the following chapters: Histopathology and Grading of Breast Cancer; Multicentric/Multifocal Breast Cancer: Overview, Biology, and Therapy; The Immune System in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression: Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition; Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix: Implications for Cancer; Biology and Treatment of Basal-Like Breast Cancer; Re-excision After Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer; Novel Antiangiogenic Therapies Using Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Drugs to Combat Progestin-Dependent Breast Cancer; New Insights on Estrogen Receptor Actions in Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells by Interaction Proteomics; Reprogramming Breast Cancer Cells with Embryonic Microenvironments: Insights from Nodal Signaling; Metastatic Determinants: Breast Tumor Cells in Circulation; Breast Cancer Epigenetics: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential; The Impact of Centrosome Abnormalities on Breast Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Targeting Centrosomes for Breast Cancer Therapy; A New Perspective on Cyclin D1: Beyond Cell Cycle Regulation; Gene Signatures of Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Epithelial Plasticity and a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype; An Integrated Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture System for Studying Carcinogenesis and Aging; and New Breast Cancer Treatment Considerations: A Brief Review of the Use of Genetically Modified (Attenuated) Bacteria as Therapy for Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer. It has been a special privilege to edit this book on breast cancer, and I would like to sincerely thank all contributors for their outstanding chapters and for sharing their unique expertise with the breast cancer community. I hope that this book will stimulate further advances in breast cancer research leading to new treatment strategies to effectively treat the disease in early as well as advanced stages. Columbia, MO, USA Heide Schatten

Contents 1 Histopathology and Grading of Breast Cancer... 1 Magda Esebua 2 Multicentric/Multifocal Breast Cancer: Overview, Biology, and Therapy... 29 Federico Buggi, Annalisa Curcio, Fabio Falcini, and Secondo Folli 3 The Immune System in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression: Role of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition... 43 Keith L. Knutson and Derek C. Radisky 4 Remodelling of the Extracellular Matrix: Implications for Cancer... 65 Thomas R. Cox and Janine T. Erler 5 Biology and Treatment of Basal-Like Breast Cancer... 91 Bingchen Han, William Audeh, Yanli Jin, Sanjay P. Bagaria, and Xiaojiang Cui 6 Re-excision After Lumpectomy for Breast Cancer... 111 Suzanne B. Coopey 7 Novel Anti-angiogenic Therapies Using Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Drugs to Combat Progestin-Dependent Breast Cancer... 123 Salman M. Hyder, Benford Mafuvadze, and Cynthia Besch-Williford 8 New Insights on Estrogen Receptor Actions in Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells by Interaction Proteomics... 149 Concetta Ambrosino, Roberta Tarallo, Giovanni Nassa, Francesca Cirillo, and Alessandro Weisz vii

viii Contents 9 Reprogramming Breast Cancer Cells with Embryonic Microenvironments: Insights from Nodal Signaling... 175 Gina Kirsammer and Mary J.C. Hendrix 10 Metastatic Determinants: Breast Tumour Cells in Circulation... 191 Nisha Kanwar and Susan J. Done 11 Breast Cancer Epigenetics: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential... 211 Nancy H. Nabilsi, Carolina E. Pardo, Maria Zajac-Kaye, and Michael P. Kladde 12 The Impact of Centrosome Abnormalities on Breast Cancer Development and Progression with a Focus on Targeting Centrosomes for Breast Cancer Therapy... 261 Heide Schatten 13 A New Perspective on Cyclin D1: Beyond Cell Cycle Regulation... 289 Chenguang Wang, Timothy G. Pestell, and Richard G. Pestell 14 Gene Signatures of Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Epithelial Plasticity and a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype... 305 Fredika M. Robertson, Khoi Chu, Sandra V. Fernandez, Zaiming Ye, Sanford H. Barsky, and Massimo Cristofanilli 15 An Integrated Human Mammary Epithelial Cell Culture System for Studying Carcinogenesis and Aging... 323 Martha R. Stampfer, Mark A. LaBarge, and James C. Garbe 16 New Breast Cancer Treatment Considerations: A Brief Review of the Use of Genetically Modified (Attenuated) Bacteria as Therapy for Advanced and Metastatic Breast Cancer... 363 Robert A. Kazmierczak, Alison Dino, Abraham Eisenstark, and Heide Schatten Index... 373