FORMULATION DRY EXTRACT PREPARATIONS LOZENGES MENIRAN HERB (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn))USING BINDER GELATIN AND ASPARTAME SWEETENERS Titta Hartyana Sutarna (*), Achmad Ngadeni (*), Reni Hariyani (*) (*) Jurusan Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani Email : air_titta@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The research about the troches tablet formulation dried herb meniran (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn)) extract at a dose 50.00 mg/tablet using aspartam as a sweeter. The troches tablet dried herb meniran was prepared with 4%, 5%, 6% aspartame. Mass of tablets prepared by wet granulation method. Evaluation of tablet consisting of test the general appearance, uniformity of size, hardness, friability, weight uniformity, and hedonic test. The evaluation result show that the tablets are generally tablet usually indicates that the tablets meet the requirement, except on tablet hardness testing is not all meet the requirements of due active substances used are hygroscopic. Test result of 30 respondents showed that F2 with 5% aspartame was the formula that the formula was preferred compared others. Key words : extract meniran (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn)), lozenges, aspartame ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai formulasi sediaan tablet hisap ekstrak kering herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn)) dengan dosis 50,00 mg/tablet dengan menggunakan aspartam sebagai pemanis. Tablet hisap ekstrak kering herba meniran dibuat tiga formula dengan aspartam 4%, 5%, 6%. Massa tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah. Evaluasi tablet terdiri dari uji penampilan umum, keseragaman ukuran, kekerasan, friabilitas, keseragaman bobot, dan uji kesukaan (hedonic test). Hasil evaluasi tablet pada umumnya menunjukkan bahwa tablet memenuhi persyaratan. Hasil uji kesukaan (hedonic test) pada 30 responden menunjukkan bahwa F2 dengan konsentrasi aspartam 5% adalah formula yang lebih disukai dibandingkan formula yang lainnya. Kata kunci : ekstrak meniran (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn)), tablet hisap, aspartam INTRODUCTION Meniran (Phyllantus niruri (Linn)) is an easy shrub to grow in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Almost all parts of the plant have medicinal meniran. Much literature indicates that hereditary meniran believed to cure the diseases associated with bile duct and efficacious amount of hepatitis B virus is found in blood. Chemical content of meniran is beneficial flavonoids. Flavonoids can be found in other plants, but the difference flavonoids on meniran compared to other plant flavonoids increased immune activity is better. As an immunomodulator, meniran effect is not solely enhance the immune system, but also suppress the immune system if excessive activity. If the activity of the immune system decreases, the content of flavonoids in meniran will transmit intracellular signals to cell receptors to increase its activity. Conversely, if the immune system is redundant work, then meniran efficacious in reducing the immune system works. So, meniran serves as a counterweight to the immune system. From the description it was made preparations in the form of lozenges meniran which previously had no preparation in the form of capsules and syrups. (1) Lozenges chosen because as one of the new innovations paved the way for the development of traditional medicine, the dosage form is expected to be preferred because it is easy to store and easy to use. Lozenges dosage use is more practical, easier and more enjoyable when compared with the drug dosage in liquid form. For that, the extract lozenges made meniran expected
to be an alternative in the treatment dosage forms. In making this meniran extract lozenges used gelatin binder. In general, gelatin is used as a binder manufacture lozenges, due to the nature of the gelatin which almost no taste and odor. Gelatin gives soft feel and produces tablets that are more compact and hard that can be dissolved slowly in the mouth. Sweeteners are used in the manufacture of lozenges meniran is mannitol and aspartame. Mannitol in addition to providing sweetness can also provide a cooling effect in the mouth, while aspartame is a sweetener that has 200 times the sweetness of sucrose, aspartame also damage teeth. (2) The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of the amount of aspartame is much preferred by the respondents and to improve the utilization of the drug dosage form of the extract meniran (Phyllantus niruri Linn) used as a medicine or supplement to the public. METHODS Materials Research Meniran dried powder extract (Phyllanthus niruri (Linn)) (PT Kimia Farma), Avicel PH 102, gelatin, magnesium stearate, talc, lactose, mannitol, attapulgite, aspartame, nipagin, citric acid, cocoa powder, distilled water, ethanol, amyl alcohol, 2 N HCl, reagent Mayer, Dragendorf, Toluene, Liebermann-Buchard, FeCl3 solution, gelatin solution 1%, 5% solution of Potassium Hydroxide. Tool Glass tools commonly used in the laboratory, mortar and Stamper, vaporizer bowls, porcelain crucible, oven (Memmertt), analytical balance (Sartorius BL 210 S), drying cabinet, pan, sifter, spatel, stirring rod, funnel, Pasteur pipette, Bunsen, furnace (Nabertherm-Germany), desiccator, spray bottles, tablet printing machines, moisture balance, calipers, hardness tester, and friabilator. Preparation of materials and tools include raw materials and excipients, and preparation tools include gathering the necessary tools in the investigation of materials, preformulasi, manufacture lozenges preparation, preparation and evaluation. In examining the characteristics of dried herb extract meniran include organoleptic examination, determination of moisture content, total ash content, levels of ethanol soluble extracts and phytochemical screening of extracts were performed as indicated in the Materia Medika Indonesia and Parameters Common Standard Extracts Plant Medicine. Phytochemical screening of the extract include prenatal alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and sekuiterpenoid monoterpenoid, triterpenoids and steroids, polyphenols and quinones. After the determination of the characteristics of dried herb extract meniran then do preformulasi. Here conducted orientation formula, especially aspartame as a sweetener formula. This formulation is made in three formulas. Formula 1 (F1) is a formula with 4% aspartame. Formula 2 (F2) is a formula with aspartame formula of 5% and 3 (F3) is a formula with 6% aspartame. Stage of the process begins by mixing herbal extracts meniran, aspartame, Avicel PH 102, mannitol, citric acid, attapulgite, lactose using gelatin binder mixed with nipagin and chocolate aroma. Then sieved to 8 mesh sieve, dried and sieved again with 16 mesh sieve out the added phase mg talc and stearic. Tablets that have been printed and then evaluated include evaluation general appearance, size uniformity test, hardness test, test friabilitas, weight uniformity test, and test preference (Hedonic Test) with 30 respondents and the results were analyzed using t-student statistical methods with SPSS software 17. How to manufacture musilago: Ways of making the first musilago is weighed beaker (1) and stir, then put water in a glass cup (1) and weighed again, then heat the water to boiling. In the other beaker (2) made with gelatin suspension means: weighed amount inserted into the gelatin and water and then heated over a water bath until dissolved. Once the water in the glass cup (1) boiling, add the gelatin suspension of glass cup (2) then stir until translucent. Finally, by weight glass cup (1) is added to the water (most of the remaining water is
used to rinse the glass cup (2) to the total weight). Making way lozenges made by wet granulation method, the step works as follows: The materials to be used filtered and weighed. Mixed extracts meniran, lactose, aspartame, Avicel, mannitol, citric acid, attapulgite, until homogeneous. Then added gelatin binder that has been put nipagin and chocolate aroma. Stirred up the masses can be clenched, then daddy with 8 mesh sieve. Then dried to moisture content of less than 2%. Sieved again granules with 16 mesh sieve. Added phase out the talc and magnesium stearate, stirring until homogeneous. After that granule tablet imprinted with the printing press. Tabel 1. Tablet Formulation suction Extract Dried Herbs Meniran No Zat Satuan F1 F2 F3 1 Ekstrak Meniran mg 50 50 50 2 Aspartam mg 12 15 18 3 Avicel mg 24 24 24 4 Manitol mg 33 33 33 5 Gelatin mg 27 27 27 6 Asam sitrat mg 3 3 3 7 Nipagin mg 0,3 0,3 0,3 8 Atapulgit mg 9 9 9 9 Pengaroma Coklat mg 8,1 8,1 8,1 10 Mg. Stearat mg 6 6 6 11 Talk mg 12 12 12 12 Laktosa mg 115,6 112,6 109,6 Results and Discussion 1. Organoleptic Examination Organoleptic examination includes examining the shape, color, taste and odor of the extract. Dry powder extract meniran a greenish brown powder, slightly bitter taste no sweetness, and it smells like a typical meniran or herbal smell. Table 2. Examination Table Characteristics No. Examination Requirements Acording to Literature 1. Organoleptic : - Forms - Color - Taste - Smell Powder Greenish brown Bitter Typical Meniran Results Powder Greenish brown Bitter Typical Meniran 2. The water contain 10% 5 %b/b 3. Total ash contain 8,9% 44,1 %b/b 4. Level of Soluble extract ethanol 8,0% 2,56 %b/b 2. Phytochemical screening Screening includes the compound fitokomia alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, mono and seskuiterpenoid, triterpenoids and steroids, quinones and polyphenols. Table 3. 3. Anonim. 2007. Meniran Peningkat Sistem Imun. http: //thenewpiogama. wordpress.com /2007/06/08/meniran-si-peningkat-sistem-imun/. Pusat Informasi Obat Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. 8 Juni 2007.03.54 am
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