Figure Captions Fig.1 Physicochchemical characterization of LDH nanoparticles and 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex. A) XRD, B) Particle size distribution and zeta potential distribution of LDHs and 5- FU(10)/LDH nanohybrids, C) TEM image of 5-FU(10)/LDH nanohybrids, D) FT-IR of Na-5FU, LDH-Cl and 5-FU(50)/LDH nanohybrids. Fig.2 DNA-binding ability of 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex. Lane 1: DNA ladder, Lane 2: dsdna only, Lane 3: 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex only, Lane 4-7: dsdna-5-fu/ldh with the dsnda:ldh mass ratio from 1:5 to 1:40. Fig.3 Confocal microscopy images of MCF-7 cells taking up red fluorescence sirna AF456/LDH nanohybrids (A and C: cells cultured at 37 o C and 4 o C, respectively) and sirna AF456-5-FU/LDH nanocomplex (B and D: cells cultured at 37 o C and 4 o C, respectively). The scale bars: 50 μm. The mass ratio of LDH to sirna: 40:1. Fig.4 Cytotoxicity of LDHs at different concentrations to MCF-7 cell lines Fig.5 MTT assay analysis of effects of treatments with 5-FU, 5-FU(10)/LDH, DC-siRNA/LDH, and CD-siRNA-5-FU/LDH on the viability of MCF-7 cells at the 5-FU concentration from 0-9.6 µg/ml and the CD-siRNA concentration at 40 nm in all relevant treatments for 72 h at 37 o C. Data represent mean ±SD (n=5). ** p<0.05 versus 5-FU treatment, * p<0.01 versus 5-FU treatment. **** p<0.0001 versus 5-FU treatment. Fig.6 FACS analysis of cell distribution for apoptosis and necrosis on MCF-7 cells after treatment with LDH, 5-FU/LDH, CD-siRNA/LDH and CD-siRNA-5-FU/LDH for 24 h. The concentration of 5-FU: 2.4 µg/ml and CD-siRNA: 40 nm. Fig.7 Suppression of Bcl-2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells after single or combined treatment with 5-FU and CD-siRNA delivered by LDHs. (A) Western blot analysis after 1
transfection with 5-FU and CD-siRNA delivered by LDH for 24h. (B) Quantitative evaluation of the percent change in expression levels of Bcl-2 protein against α-tubulin. The 5-FU, CD-siRNA concentration in all samples was 1.2 μg/ml and 40 nm, respectively. LDH concentration is 50 μg/ml. 2
A B (006) 5-FU(50)/LDH 5-FU(10)/LDH (003) (((006)0 LDH C D Na-5FU 1650 1540 5-FU(50)/LDH 1615 1545 1220 LDH 1365 767 667 549 100 Fig. 1 Physicochchemical characterization of LDH nanoparticles and 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex. A) XRD, B) Particle size distribution and zeta potential distribution of LDHs and 5-FU(10)/LDH nanohybrids, C) TEM image of 5-FU(10)/LDH nanohybrids, D) FT-IR of Na-5FU, LDH-Cl and 5-FU(50)/LDH nanohybrids. 3
Lane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ladder dsdna 5-FU/LDH 1:5 1:10 1:20 1:40 Fig. 2 DNA-binding ability of 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex. Lane 1: DNA ladder, Lane 2: dsdna only, Lane 3: 5-FU/LDH nanocomplex only, Lane 4-7: dsdna-5-fu/ldh with the dsdna:5- FU/LDH mass ratio from 1:5 to 1:40. 4
Nuclei Red sirna 456 Merged A B C D Fig. 3 Confocal microscopy images of MCF-7 cells taking up Red sirna 456/LDH nanohybrids (A and C: cells cultured at 37 o C and 4 o C, respectively) and Red sirna 456-5-FU/LDH nanocomplex (B and D: cells cultured at 37 o C and 4 o C, respectively). The scale bars: 50 μm. The mass ratio of LDH to sirna: 40:1. 5
120 100 Cell viability (%) 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 200 Concentration of LDH (µg/ml) Fig. 4 Cytotoxicity of LDHs at different concentrations to MCF-7 cell lines. 6
C ell viability (% ) **** **** * ** Fig. 5 MTT assay analysis of effects of treatments with 5-FU, 5-FU(10)/LDH, DC-siRNA/LDH, and CD-siRNA-5-FU/LDH on the viability of MCF-7 cells at the 5-FU concentration from 0-9.6 µg/ml and the CD-siRNA concentration at 40 nm in all relevant treatments for 72 h at 37 o C. Data represent mean ±SD (n=5). ** indicated p<0.05 versus 5-FU treatment, * p<0.01 versus 5- FU treatment. **** p<0.0001 versus 5-FU treatment. 7
5-FU 5-FU/LDH CD-siRNA/LDH CD-siRNA-5-FU/LDH Fig 6. FACS analysis of cell distribution for apoptosis and necrosis on MCF-7 cells after treatment with 5-FU, 5-FU/LDH, CD-siRNA/LDH and CD-siRNA-5-FU/LDH for 24 h. The concentration of 5-FU: 2.4 µg/ml and CD-siRNA: 40 nm. 8
A Bcl-2 α-tub LDH 5-FU 5-FU/LDH CD-siRNA/ CD-siRNA-5- LDH FU/LDH B Fig 7. Suppression of Bcl-2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells after single or combined treatment with 5-FU and CD-siRNA delivered by LDHs. (A) Western blot analysis after transfection with 5-FU and CD-siRNA delivered by LDH for 24h. (B) Quantitative evaluation of the percent change in expression levels of Bcl-2 protein against α-tubulin. The 5-FU, CD-siRNA concentration in all samples was 2.4 μg/ml and 40 nm, respectively. LDH concentration is 50 μg/ml. 9
Supplement Co-delivery of sirna and an Anticancer Drug Using Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles in Effective Cancer Treatment Li Li a,, Wenyi Gu a, *, Jiezhong Chen b,c, Weiyu Chen a, Zhi Ping Xu a, * a Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia b School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072 c Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia. Fax: 61 7 33463973; Tel: 617 33463809; E-mail: gordonxu@uq.edu.au; w.gu@uq.edu.au 10
Lane 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ladder dsdna LDH 1:5 1:10 1:20 1:40 Fig. S1 DNA-binding ability of LDH nanoparticles. Lane 1: DNA ladder, Lane 2: dsdna only, Lane 3: LDHs only, Lane 4-7: dsdna/ldh with the dsdna: LDH mass ratio from 1:5 to 1:40. 11
Nuclei Red sirna 456 Merged A B Fig. S2 Confocal microscopy images of MCF-7 cells with Red sirna 456/LDH nanonybris (A) and Red sirna 456-5-FU/LDH nanocomplex (B) cultured at 37 o C for 4h. The scale bars are 50 μm. The mass ratio of the particles to Red sirna 456 is 20:1. 12
A C ell V iability (% ) * B C ell V iability (% ) * Fig. S3 The effect of combined treatment with CD-siRNA and 5-FU co-delivered by LDHs on viability of HCT-116 and U2OS after 72-hour treatment at 37 o C. (A) HCT-116 cells and (B) U2OS cells. Data represent mean ±SD (n=4 or 5).* indicated P<0.05. 13