Duus' Topical Diagnosis in Neurology Anatomy - Physiology - Signs - Symptoms Bearbeitet von Michael Frotscher 1. Auflage 2005. Taschenbuch. 532 S. Paperback ISBN 978 3 13 612804 6 Format (B x L): 19 x 12500 cm Weitere Fachgebiete > Medizin > Klinische und Innere Medizin > Neurologie, Neuropathologie, Klinische Neurowissenschaft schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.
VII Contents 1 Elements of the Nervous System... 2 Information Flow in the Nervous System... 2 Neurons and Synapses... 3 Neurons... 3 Synapses... 7 Neurotransmitters and Receptors... 10 Functional Groups of Neurons... 12 Glial Cells... 13 Development of the Nervous System... 13 2 Somatosensory System... 18 Peripheral Components of the Somatosensory System and Peripheral Regulatory Circuits... 18 Receptor Organs... 18 Peripheral Nerve, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Posterior Root... 21 Peripheral Regulatory Circuits... 30 Central Components of the Somatosensory System... 39 Posterior and Anterior Spinocerebellar Tracts... 39 Posterior Columns... 41 Anterior Spinothalamic Tract... 47 Lateral Spinothalamic Tract... 47 Other Afferent Tracts of the Spinal Cord... 49 Central Processing of Somatosensory Information... 50 Somatosensory Deficits due to Lesions at Specific Sites along the Somatosensory Pathways... 51 3 Motor System... 56 Central Components of the Motor System and Clinical Syndromes of Lesions Affecting Them... 57
VIII Contents Motor Cortical Areas... 57 Corticospinal Tract (Pyramidal Tract)... 59 Corticonuclear (Corticobulbar) Tract... 59 Other Central Components of the Motor System... 61 Lesions of Central Motor Pathways... 64 Peripheral Components of the Motor System and Clinical Syndromes of Lesions Affecting Them... 67 Clinical Syndromes of Motor Unit Lesions... 69 Complex Clinical Syndromes due to Lesions of Specific Components of the Nervous System... 69 Spinal Cord Syndromes... 70 Vascular Spinal Cord Syndromes... 89 Nerve Root Syndromes (Radicular Syndromes)... 91 Plexus Syndromes... 100 Peripheral Nerve Syndromes... 106 Syndromes of the Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle... 113 4 Brainstem... 116 Surface Anatomy of the Brainstem... 117 Medulla... 117 Pons... 119 Midbrain... 120 Cranial Nerves... 120 Origin, Components, and Functions... 120 Olfactory System (CN I)... 128 Visual System (CN II)... 130 Eye Movements (CN III, IV, and VI)... 137 Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)... 160 Facial Nerve (CN VII) and Nervus Intermedius... 167 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) Cochlear Component and the Organ of Hearing... 175 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII) Vestibular Component and Vestibular System... 184 Vagal System (CN IX, X, and the Cranial Portion of XI)... 194 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)... 204 Topographical Anatomy of the Brainstem... 207 Internal Structure of the Brainstem... 207
Contents IX Brainstem Disorders... 223 Ischemic Brainstem Syndromes... 223 5 Cerebellum... 240 Surface Anatomy... 240 Internal Structure... 243 Cerebellar Cortex... 243 Cerebellar Nuclei... 245 Afferent and Efferent Projections of the Cerebellar Cortex and Nuclei... 245 Connections of the Cerebellum with Other Parts of the Nervous System... 246 Cerebellar Function and Cerebellar Syndromes... 251 Vestibulocerebellum... 252 Spinocerebellum... 253 Cerebrocerebellum... 254 Cerebellar Disorders... 256 Cerebellar Ischemia and Hemorrhage... 256 Cerebellar Tumors... 256 6 Diencephalon and Autonomic Nervous System.. 260 Location and Components of the Diencephalon... 261 Thalamus... 263 Nuclei... 263 Position of the Thalamic Nuclei in Ascending and Descending Pathways... 264 Functions of the Thalamus... 269 Syndromes of Thalamic Lesions... 270 Thalamic Vascular Syndromes... 272 Epithalamus... 272 Subthalamus... 273 Hypothalamus... 274 Location and Components... 274 Hypothalamic Nuclei... 276
X Contents Afferent and Efferent Projections of the Hypothalamus... 276 Functions of the Hypothalamus... 282 Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System... 289 Fundamentals... 289 Sympathetic Nervous System... 292 Parasympathetic Nervous System... 295 Autonomic Innervation and Functional Disturbances of Individual Organs... 297 Visceral and Referred Pain... 307 7 Limbic System... 312 Anatomical Overview... 312 Internal and External Connections... 314 Major Components of the Limbic System... 315 Hippocampus... 315 Amygdala... 319 Functions of the Limbic System... 319 Types of Memory... 320 Memory Dysfunction The Amnestic Syndrome and Its Causes... 323 8 Basal Ganglia... 330 Preliminary Remarks on Terminology... 330 The Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Motor System: Phylogenetic Aspects... 331 Components of the Basal Ganglia and Their Connections... 332 Nuclei... 332 Connections of the Basal Ganglia... 337 Function and Dysfunction of the Basal Ganglia... 340 Clinical Syndromes of Basal Ganglia Lesions... 340
Contents XI 9 Cerebrum... 350 Development... 350 Gross Anatomy and Subdivision of the Cerebrum... 354 Gyri and Sulci... 354 Histological Organization of the Cerebral Cortex... 358 Laminar Architecture... 359 Cerebral White Matter... 365 Projection Fibers... 365 Association Fibers... 366 Commissural Fibers... 366 Functional Localization in the Cerebral Cortex... 369 Primary Cortical Fields... 371 Association Areas... 384 Frontal Lobe... 386 Higher Cortical Functions and Their Impairment by Cortical Lesions... 386 10 Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord; Cerebrospinal Fluid and Ventricular System... 402 Coverings of the Brain and Spinal Cord... 402 Dura Mater... 402 Arachnoid... 405 Pia Mater... 406 Cerebrospinal Fluid and Ventricular System... 406 Structure of the Ventricular System... 406 Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation and Resorption... 406 Disturbances of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation Hydrocephalus... 411 11 Blood Supply and Vascular Disorders of the Central Nervous System... 418 Arteries of the Brain... 419 Extradural Course of the Arteries of the Brain... 419 Arteries of the Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossae... 421 Arteries of the Posterior Fossa... 427 Collateral Circulation in the Brain... 432
XII Contents Veins of the Brain... 435 Superficial and Deep Veins of the Brain... 435 Dural Sinuses... 437 Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord... 439 Arterial Anastomotic Network... 439 Venous Drainage... 442 Cerebral Ischemia... 443 Arterial Hypoperfusion... 443 Particular Cerebrovascular Syndromes... 463 Impaired Venous Drainage from the Brain... 473 Intracranial Hemorrhage... 477 Intracerebral Hemorrhage (Nontraumatic)... 478 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage... 481 Subdural and Epidural Hematoma... 487 Vascular Syndromes of the Spinal Cord... 489 Arterial Hypoperfusion... 489 Impaired Venous Drainage... 490 Spinal Cord Hemorrhage and Hematoma... 492 Further Reading... 493 Index... 497