Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women in the Context of the Implementation of the Millennium Development Goals 2010 High-level Segment Economic and Social Council New York, 28 June 2 July Annual Ministerial Review : Nacional Voluntary Presentation GUATEMALA
Guatemala: an unequal and diverse country Population: 14.4 million o 51.2% women, 48.8% men o 38.4% indigenous, 61.6% non-indigenous Post Conflict and Democracy: o 36 years of armed conflict (1960-1996) o 1985: First civilian government elected o 1996: Signing of Peace Agreements Human Development Index: ranks 118 (0,689) Gini Coefficient for Income Distribution: 0.55 One of the most vulnerable countries in terms of Climate Change
Status of women in Guatemala Social Poverty exclusion Gender relatioships Political Economic Situation of systematical disadvantages for women Ethnic Discrimination Exclusion and discrimination Geographical exclusion Cultural
Trends in selected indicators, Millennium Goals Situation of Women 1990-2010
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health Gender Gaps Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS
Source: INE-ENCOVI, 2006 Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Gender Gaps Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Source: National Epidemiology Center, Ministry of Health, 2008 Intra-gender Gaps Goal 5: Improve maternal health
Source: ENCOVI, 2006 Income / Population Ratio: Employed persons between the ages of 15 and 65 by sex and ethnic identity
Sustained increase of women meeting violent deaths Harassment Prolonged abuse Psychological pressure Physical and sexual violence Femicide Social Indifference Limited institutional response capacity Four decades of internal armed conflict A total of 4,602 cases of women meeting violent deaths are registered between 2001 to 2009 Source: PNC, 2007.
Decision-Making Percentage of Women with a seat in Congress 1986: 7% 2008: 12% (19 non-indigenous, 4 indigenous) Participation in Departmental Development Councils (CODEDE) 2009: 190 women / 861 men 53 indigenous women / 137 non indigenous women Participation in Local Government 2007 Elections: 6 of 333 mayoralties / municipal councils (1.8%) 235 representation in municipal corporations (5.84%) Source: TSE, 2007, Segeplan, 2010
Advances for Women s Equality Beijing Declaration (1995) Peace Agreements (1996) National Women s Forum (1997) Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000) Social Development Law (2001) National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Guatemalan Women (2001) Institutional Framework -Presidential Secretariat for Women MDG and Sectoral Programmes linked with gender policy and MDG. 50% of policies include guidelines and actions to promote gender and ethnic equality.
Links between the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women and the MDG s Pillars of the National Policy for the Advancement and Integral Development of Women MDG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Economic development X X Natural resources X Educational equity X X Health equity X X X Erradication of violence against women X X Legal equity X Racism and discrimination X Cultural Development X X Equity in employment X X X Institutional mechanisms X X Sociopolitical participation X Cultural identity of Maya, Garífuna and Xinka women X X
Links between MDG reports and policy making COST EFFECTIVE VARIABLES /MDG Report 2006 Children with access to GROWTH MONITORING Mothers with access to the BREASTFEEDING Programmes Pregnant women with access to PRENATAL CARE Mothers with access to POST-NATAL CARE Households with well or tap (access to PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY) Households with LATRINE (access to wastepipe) Access to HEALTH-CARE SERVICES, clinics, health-care centers and hospitals Access to SCHOOLS Primary school students receiving ACADEMIC INCENTIVES Parents educational level (+parental illiteracy-children s education) Households with ELECTRICITY GOVERNMENTAL PROGRAMMES Mi familia progresa conditional cash transfer Nutrition and Food Security Reproductive Health Agua Fuente de Paz Water and Drainage for Human Development Reinstatement of free public services, provision of ambulances, 24-hour care Reinstatement of free public services, loans, grants, scholarships Free of charge Literacy Electric Supply for Rural Areas
Lessons Learned Alliances between women s organizations and public institutions Alliances between women and other marginalized groups. State-initiated action benefiting women creates new opportunities for participation. Pemanent female representation in local governments and territories.
Challenges for the Country The pace of progress is extremely slow for Guatemala to achieve the MDG s and gender equity. The adverse economic climate Historical reluctance to increase the country s tax rate. More efficient and effective management of development on behalf of the State Improve actions of public policies to achieve gender empowerment. To strengthen the planning system at both territorial and sectoral levels. To mainstream women s rights into the public policy agenda, the legal and institutional framework, the organizational culture and administrative practices. Continuing the efforts of alignment, harmonization and appropriation in the area of international cooperation. Improving transparency, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Effects of Guatemala s disaster vulnerability on the achivement of MDG s and gender equity
Secretariat for Planning and Programming Republic of Guatemala Segeplanwww.segeplan.gob.gt