Background. ****Published February 2016*** MarketVIEW: Zika virus vaccines (CAT: VAMV068) Product Name : MarketVIEW: Zika virus vaccines

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****Published February 2016*** MarketVIEW: Zika virus vaccines (CAT: VAMV068) Product Name : MarketVIEW: Zika virus vaccines Description : Vaccine opportunity assessment Contents : Executive presentation + commercial forecast model Therapeutic Area : Novel viral vaccines Publication date : February 2016 Catalogue No : VAMV068 Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family that includes several mosquito-borne viruses of major clinical importance, including yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus. Although widely distributed across West and East Africa and Southeast Asia (46 countries/territories since 2007), ZIKV has only recently been identified as a major cause of disease. In most cases, ZIKV usually causes a mild and often asymptomatic illness. However, neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have recently emerged as possible (but not definitively confirmed) complications of ZIKV infection. For example, in Brazil, an estimated 1.5 million ZIKV cases have occurred since April 2015 and up to November 2015, 1,248 neonatal microcephaly cases have been reported. ZIKV will likely to spread to other countries in the region that have Aedes mosquitoes. Autochthonous ZIKV transmission is expected to occur in the US whereby the gulf coast region and Florida are most vulnerable. The WHO declared the Zika virus outbreak a global emergency in February 2016. Many private sector companies and government-funded organizations have started work on developing a Zika vaccine due to the significant global public health concern. The MarketVIEW product is a comprehensive MS Excel-based model + summary presentation that forecasts the potential commercial value of Zika virus vaccines across endemic (public + private) and travelers markets to 2035. The model contains value ($ m) and volume (mio doses) predictions along with launch timeframe, TPP, pricing and penetration estimates for all key commercial segments. LO/BASE/HI forecast scenarios are included based upon a differing pricing justifications. An up to date review is also given for latest disease background and epidemiology, along with current R&D status.

Methodology VacZine Analytics has closely monitored all significant source material pertaining to Zika virus (ZIKV) and associated sequelae e.g. ZIKV-associated microcephaly Source materials used are literature articles, government websites, medical bodies and associations, conference proceedings etc. Previously published research by VacZine Analytics in the field of novel viral vaccines has also been utilised. PRODUCT CONTENTS: Published February 2016 (CAT No: VAMV068) ****This product is composed of one forecast model 1 and a summary presentation 2 Title page Contents Author s note Executive summary Commercial model: key outputs ZIKV vaccine: predicted global revenues ($m) to 2035 ZIKV vaccine: predicted global revenues (endemic) ($m) to 2035 ZIKV vaccine: predicted global revenues (private) ($m) to 2035 ZIKV vaccine: predicted global revenues (travel) ($m) to 2035 ZIKV vaccine: price sensitivity analysis (endemic/public) - 2027 ZIKV vaccine: key model assumptions The potential role of a ZIKV vaccine ZIKV: comparative data to other mosquito borne viruses ZIKV vaccine: target product profile ZIKV vaccine: pricing considerations ZIKV vaccine: estimating potential uptake ZIKV: target markets for a potential vaccine Detailed market assumptions: endemic (public) Detailed market assumptions: endemic (private) Detailed market assumptions: travellers (private) Detailed market assumptions: stockpile (public) Zika virus (ZIKV): disease background and epidemiology The pathogen ZIKV: transmission ZIKV: timeline of geographical spread (1947-2016) Emergence of ZIKV: Yap Island Emergence of ZIKV: French Polynesia Emergence of ZIKV: Brazil Emergence of ZIKV: South (other) and Central America ZIKV: latest transmission statistics Countries with current or past evidence of ZIKV infections Zika virus: economic cost in Latin America ZIKV: clinical features 1 Model contents available upon application 2 Presentation titles may apply to more than one slide

Continued... ZIKV: symptoms ZIKV: comparative symptoms with dengue virus and Chikungunya virus ZIKV: WHO - Global Health Emergency/Strategy ZIKV associated microcephaly Microcephaly: latest statistics Microcephaly rates, by state, Brazil, 2010-2014 and 2015 ZIKV & Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) ZIKV: diagnosis Algorithm for confirming ZIKV infection Predicted distribution of Aedes aegypti Predicted distribution of Aedes albopictus Occurrence of Aedes albopictus in Europe and the US States ZIKV: other routes of transmission ZIKV: treatment and prevention ZIKV: importation to non-endemic countries ZIKV: autochtonous transmission in the United States ZIKV: autochtonous transmission in the European Union ZIKV: regions susceptible to ZIKV outbreaks ZIKV vaccines: R&D pipeline February 2016 Bibliography About VacZine Analytics Disclaimer Slide number = 65

PRODUCT COST: VacZine Analytics will grant a [enter region] license to [enter client name], for the price of: o FULL PRODUCT - USD $9995.00/ GBP 7000.00 # (Region license)* # Indicative company rate only. Prevailing rate applied to date of transaction. *A region is North America, Europe or ROW For orders in the UK, VAT at 20.0% will be added to final invoice total Consultancy rates (commercial use) are available upon request HOW TO ORDER: To order please contact your region account manager or order direct at orders@vaczine-analytics.com This report can also be purchased on-line. Please review the TERMS and CONDITIONS of purchase. VacZine Analytics (R) is a trading division of Assay Advantage Ltd, UK Company Number: 5807728 VacZine Analytics (R) and the spiral logo are UK Registered Trademarks, 2009

. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. WHO. 10 facts on malaria. Available at: http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/malaria/en/ 2. CDC. Dengue epidemiology. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/epidemiology/ 3. WHO. Japanese encephalitis. Available at :http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs386/en/ 4. WHO. Yellow fever. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/ 5. Chikungunya Virus. US Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Geographic Distribution. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/index.html 6. Douglas DL et al.will dengue vaccines be used in the public sector and if so, how? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2127 7. Planning for the Introduction of Dengue Vaccines. August 2011. Available at: http://www.denguevaccines.org/sites/default/files/adpb-brazil_11-short.pdf. 8. Dengue: PAHO/WHO Data, Maps and Statistic. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=rdmore&cid=6290&itemid=40734 9. PAHO. Revolving Fund Prices. Available at: http://www.paho.org/ 10. PAHO WHO. Cervical cancer in the Americas. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=17498&itemid=. 11. Listini prezzi. http://intercenter.regione.emilia-romagna.it/servizi-pa/convenzioni/convenzioni-scadute-e-o-esaurite/vaccini-2011-2014/listini-prezzi_convenzioni_vaccini-2011-2014/at_download/file/vaccini2011_2014_listinoprezzi_02_07_12.xls 12. Public Health England. Annual HPV vaccine coverage 2013 to 2014: by PCT, local authority and area team. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-hpv-vaccine-coverage-2013-to-2014-by-pct-local-authority-and-area-team 13. National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Available at: http://www.hpvregister.org.au/research/coverage-data/hpv-vaccination- Coverage-2014 14. Public Health England. Pertussis vaccine coverage in pregnant women April 2014 to March 2015. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/pertussis-vaccine-coverage-in-pregnant-women-april-2014-to-march-2015 15. Heywood AE et al. A cross-sectional study of pre-travel health-seeking practices among travelers departing Sydney and Bangkok airports. BMC Public Health. 2012 May 2;12:321. 16. Walker XJ et al. Characteristics of Travelers to Asia Requiring Multidose Vaccine Schedules: Japanese Encephalitis and Rabies Prevention. J Travel Med. 2015 Nov-Dec;22(6):403-9. 17. Lanciotti RS et al. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Aug;14(8):1232-9. 18. Duffy MR et al. Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jun 11;360(24):2536-43. 19. Besnard M et al. Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014. Euro Surveill. 2014 Apr 3;19(13). pii: 20751. 20. Oehler E et al. Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome--case report, French Polynesia, December 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014 Mar 6;19(9). pii: 20720. 21. WHO. Zika situation report. Zika And Potential Complications. 12 February 2016. Available at http://www.who.int/emergencies/zikavirus/situation-report/en/ 22. Pan American Health Organization. Neurological syndrome, congenital malformations, and Zika virus infection. Implications for public health in the Americas Epidemiological Alert. 1 December 2015. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11599&itemid=41691&lang=en 23. ProMed Alert. Zika Virus, August 2015 January 2016. http://www.healthmap.org/promed/ 24. Pan American Health Organization. Countries and territories with Zika autochthonous transmission in the Americas. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11603&itemid=41696 25. Fauci AS & Morens DM. Zika Virus in the Americas - Yet Another Arbovirus Threat. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 13. 26. CDC. Zika virus. Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment. February 3, 2016. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. 27. Mallhi TH. et al. Clinico-laboratory spectrum of dengue viral infection and risk factors associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever: a retrospective study.bmc Infect Dis. 2015 Sep 30;15:399 28. Borgherini G. et al. Outbreak of chikungunya on Reunion Island: early clinical and laboratory features in 157 adult patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jun 1;44(11):1401-7. 29. Chopra A et al. Acute Chikungunya and persistent musculoskeletal pain following the 2006 Indian epidemic. Epidemiol Infect. 2012 May;140(5):842-50. 30. HCUPnet. Available at: http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/ 31. von der Hagen M et al. Diagnostic approach to microcephaly in childhood: a two-center study and review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014 Aug;56(8):732-41. 32. Prasad KM et al. The etiologic patterns in microcephaly with mental retardation. Indian J Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;37(2):70-80

33. O'Leary DR et al. Birth outcomes following West Nile Virus infection of pregnant women in the United States: 2003-2004. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):e537-45. 34. Gérardin P et al. Neurocognitive outcome of children exposed to perinatal mother-to-child Chikungunya virus infection: the CHIMERE cohort study on Reunion Island. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Jul 17;8(7):e2996. 35. WHO. Zika situation report. Neurological Syndrome And Congenital Anomalies. 5 February 2016. Available at http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/situation-report/en/ 36. Pan American Health Organization. Neurological syndrome, congenital malformations, and Zika virus infection Epidemiological Update. 17 January 2016. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11599&itemid=41691&lang=en 37. Petersen EE et al. Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jan 22;65(2):30-3. 38. Alshekhlee A et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1608-13. 39. Dourado ME et al. Clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in a tropical country: a Brazilian experience. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012 Jan;125(1):47-53. 40. Newswanger DL Guillain-Barré syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2004 May 15;69(10):2405-10. 41. Domínguez-Moreno R et al. [Mortality associated with a diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults of Mexican health institutions]. Rev Neurol. 2014 Jan 1;58(1):4-10. 42. McCarthy N. et al. Incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome following infection with Campylobacter jejuni. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Mar 15;153(6):610-4. 43. Koshy JM et al. Spectrum of neurological manifestations in dengue virus infection in Northwest India. Trop Doct. 2012 Oct;42(4):191-4. 44. Oehler E et al. Increase in cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome during a Chikungunya outbreak, French Polynesia, 2014 to 2015. Euro Surveill. 2015 Dec 3;20(48). 45. WHO. Disease Outbreak News. Guillain-Barré syndrome Brazil. 8 February 2016 http://www.who.int/csr/don/8-february-2016- gbs-brazil/en/ 46. WHO. Zika virus. January 2016. http://www.wpro.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_05182015_zika/en/ 47. Zika virus (ZIKV) Surveillance in the Americas: Interim guidance for laboratory detection and diagnosis. June 2015. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&itemid=&gid=30176&lang=fr. 48. Grard G et al. Zika virus in Gabon (Central Africa)--2007: a new threat from Aedes albopictus? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Feb 6;8(2):e2681. 49. Kraemer MU et al. The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. elife 2015; 4: e08347. 50. Foy BD et al. Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 May;17(5):880-2. 51. Musso D et al. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Feb;21(2):359-61. 52. Oster AM et al. Interim Guidelines for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65 (Early Release):1 2.

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About VacZine Analytics: VacZine Analytics is an established strategic research agency based in the United Kingdom. Its aim is to provide disease and commercial analysis for the vaccine industry and help build the case for developing new vaccines and biologics. For more information please visit our website www.vaczine-analytics.com VacZine Analytics (R) is a trading division of Assay Advantage Ltd, UK Company Number: 5807728 VacZine Analytics (R) and the spiral logo are UK Registered Trademarks, 2009