Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System

Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System

ENDOCRINE UPDATES Shlomo Melmed, MD., Series Editor 1. E.R. Levin and J.L. Nadler (eds.): Endocrinology of Cardiovascular Function. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8217-X 2. 1.A. Fagin (ed.): Thyroid Cancer. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8326-5 3. 1.S. Adams and B.P. Lukert (eds.): Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8366-4. 4. B.-A. Bengtsson (ed.): Growth Hormone. 1999. ISBN: 0-7923-8478-4 5. C. Wang (ed.): Male Reproductive Function. 1999. ISBN 0-7923-8520-9 6. B. Rapoport and S.M. McLachlan (eds.): Graves' Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 2000. ISBN: 0-7923-7790-7. 7. W. W. de Herder, (ed.): Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System. 2000. ISBN 0-7923-7923-9

FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGING OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM edited by Wouter W. de Herder M.D. UniversifY Hospital Rotterdam Rotterdam, The Netherlands.., ~ SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Functional and morphological imaging of the endocrine system / edited by Wouter W. de Herder. p. ; cm. - (Endocrine updates; 7) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6950-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-4341-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4341-1 I. Endocrine glands-imaging. 2. Endocrine glands-diseases-diagnosis. 3. Endocrine glands-tumors-imaging. I. Herder Wouter W. de II. Series. [DNLM: 1. Endocrine Diseases-radionuclide imaging. 2. Endocrine Diseasesultrasonography. 3. Endocrine Glands-pathology. WK 140 F9787 2000] RC655.5.F86 2000 616.4 '0754---dc21 ()()"()57820 Copyright 2000 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, N ew York in 2000 Sot'tcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper.

CONTENTS List of Contributors vii Preface Pituitary 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pituitary Area: Pathologic Aspects 3 Jean-Franr;ois Bonneville, Fabrice Bonneville, Emmanuelle Barrali, Guy Jacquet and Franr;oise Catlin 2 Bilateral Simultaneous Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling (BSIPSS) Wouter W de Herder, Steven w.j. Lamberts, Herve L.J. Tanghe and Herman Pieterman 3 Scintigraphy of Pituitary Tumors Wouter W. de Herder, Diego Ferone, Dik J. Kwekkeboom and Steven WJ. Lamberts 4 Pituitary Incidentalomas Mark E Molitch 35 47 S9 Thyroid 5 Ultrasonography, CT, MRI of the Thyroid Gland Brian Gorman and Carl C. Reading 6 Iodine and Technetium Scintigraphy of the Thyroid Dyde A. Huysmans and Ad R. Hermus 7 Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in Thyroidal Diseases Eric P. Krenning, Wouter W. de Herder, Wilmar M. Wiersinga and Dik J. Kwekkeboom 73 103 125

vi Adrenal 8 Imaging of the Adrenal Glands Lukas C. van Dijk and Gabriel P. Krestin 9 Scintigraphy of Adrenal disorders Milton D. Gross. Brahm Shapiro. Paul Shreve and Barry 1. Shulkin 10 Adrenal Incidentalomas Massimo Terzolo. Giangiacomo Osella. Anna Ali and Alberto Angeli 145 163 191 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinoids 11 Ultrasound, CT and MRI Appearances of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinoids Melanie P. Hiorns and Rodney H. Reznek 215 12 Scintigraphy of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Carcinoids 235 Dik J. Kwekkeboom. Wouter W. de Herder and Eric P. Krenning Index 251

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Anna Ali, M.D., Universita di Torino, Turin, Italy. Alberto Angeli, M.D., Universita di Torino, Turin, Italy. Emmanuelle Barrali, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan~on, Besan~on, France. Jean-Fran~ois Bonneville, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan~on, Besan~on, France. Fabrice Bonneville, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan~on, Besan~on, France. Fran~oise Cattin, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan~on, Besan~on, France. Wouter W. de Herder, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Diego Ferone, M.D., "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy. Brian Gorman, M.B., B.Ch., F.R.C.R., M.B.A., Mayo Medical School, Rochester, USA. Milton D. Gross, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Ad R. Hermus, M.D., University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Melanie P. Hiorns, M.R.C.P., F.R.C.R., St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Dyde A. Huysmans, M.D., Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Guy Jacquet, M.D., Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besan~on, Besan~on, France. Eric P. Krenning, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Gabriel P. Krestin, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Dik 1. Kwekkeboom, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Steven W.1. Lamberts, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Mark E. Molitch, M.D., Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, USA. Giangiacomo Osella. M.D., Universita di Torino, Turin, Italy.

viii Herman Pieterman, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Carl C. Reading, M.D., Mayo Medical School, Rochester, USA. Rodney H. Reznek, F.R.C.P., F.R.C.R., St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Brahm Shapiro, M.B., CH.B., Ph.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Paul Shreve, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Barry I. Shulkin, M.D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Herve L.l. Tanghe, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Massimo Terzolo, M.D., Universita di Torino, Turin, Italy. Lukas C. van Dijk, M.D., University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Wilmar M. Wiersinga, M.D., Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the

PREFACE In 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen (re)discovered a variant of electromagnetic radiation, which he called X-rays. The clinical application of X-rays caused a dramatic change in medicine, starting with the creation of the new field of radiology. Approximately fifty years later, radiopharmaceuticals had become available for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders. The disciplines of radiology and nuclear medicine are still expanding because of new discoveries, and advancements and improvements in techniques and instruments. Our purpose of this issue of Endocrine Updates is to provide comprehensive but concise insights in modem imaging techniques and protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of endocrine disorders. For this purpose we have chosen to distinguish between "morphological imaging" and "functional imaging". We fortunately acknowledge and appreciate the high quality of the contributions by eminent scientists and clinicians. Wouter W. de Herder, M.D. University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands