INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN 2519-5115 RESEARCH ARTICLE Plant used for Curing Diarrhoea and Dysentery in Chitrakoot M.P. 1 Sadhana Chaurasia 2 Mateswary Chaudhary 1 Head, Dept of Energy and Environment, MGCGV Chitrakoot, Satna (MP) 2 Research scholar, Dept of Biological Sciences, MGCGV. Chitrakoot, Satna (MP) Corresponding author: Dr. Sadhana Chaurasia sadhanamgcgv@gmail.com ABSTRACT Diarrhoea and dysentery disease and its complications remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Diarrhoea is characterized by an increased frequency and volume, and decreased consistency of stool from the norm. Pathogens vary between developed and developing world. An ethno botanical survey was conducted to identify indigenous herbal remedies for diarrhoea and associated stomach ailments in rural areas. The main objective of the study was to gather ethno medical data on potentially valuable indigenous medicinal plants and also emphasize the role of ethno medicine in primary health care. Data from the survey indicated the names of plants commonly used in the treatment of diarrhoea and associated ailments, the methods of preparation, parts used and administration. The study documented a diversity of plants employed as remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery. Received: February 13, 2017 Revised: March 18, 2017 Published: April 30, 2017 Keywords- Ethno medicine, diarrhoea dysentery, remedies. 123
INTRODUCTION Diarrhoeal disease and its complications remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. It is the second most common cause of death in children under five years of age worldwide and is responsible for 2.4 million deaths each year. Diarrhoea is characterized by an increased frequency and volume, and decreased consistency of stool from the norm. It must be remembered that frequency of passing stool varies with age and is higher in infants. Dysentery is defined as the passage of blood and mucous in diarrhoeal stools. Persistent diarrhoea occurs when the duration of symptoms exceeds seven days and chronic diarrhoea when it lasts more than 14 days. Since time immemorial mankind has been dependent on plants for food, fibber, fodder and other purposes. Millions of rural householders use medicinal plants in self help mode. Over one and a half million practitioners of the Indian system of medicine use medicinal plants for preventive, promotive and curative application. These plants again further importance in the regions where modern facilities are neither available nor easily accessible; India has vast resources of medicinal plants. The use of the plants as medicine is nothing new but according to an estimate there are more than 25000 effective herbal formulations exist in the country (Brahmavarchasva 2005 and Aneesh 2009). But many of them are unwritten. Ahead to this it can be said that each time a tribal medicine man dies, it is as if a library has burned down so there is urgent need of documentation of native knowledge of the before its extinction forever. METHODOLOGY Chitrakoot is situated in the northern region of Satna district of M.P. and surrounded on North, Northwest and Northeast by Karwi (Chitrakoot) district of U.P. and west by Panna district of M.P. It lies between 80 o 52 to 80 o 73 N latitude, covering an area of 1,584 sq km. Several tribal communities like Kol, Gond, Mawasi, etc. reside in Chitrakoot forest area of Majhgawan block of Satna District, Madhya Pradesh. Several field trips were conducted during December 2014 to December 2015 in the different villages for the data collection in the selected study site of Chitrakoot. Survey method was used to get inquiry about the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery by local people. A partly unstructured questionnaire was used for the interview and information was collected as raw data. RESULT AND DISCUSSION The information collected through interview and questionnaire were compiled and given in table 1 and 2. It was absorbed that some plants are used in diarrhoea some in dysentery and some plants are used in both diarrhoea and dysentery. The plant peat and method of use is also given in table 1 & 2. The figure is given on various plates. Plate - 1 is showing the plant used against diarrhoea, plate-2 is showing the plant used against dysentery and plate -3 is showing the plant which are used for diarrhoea and dysentery both. 124
Table - 1: Plants used in curing diarrhoea. S. No. Scientific name 1. Achyranthes aspera L. 2. Acacia leucophaea (Roxb.) 3. Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) 4. Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) 5. Bauhinia variegata (l.) 6. Buchanania lanzan (spreng.) Local name Family Part use How to use Latzeera Amaranthaceae Root Simple strapping of small piece of root on the wrist is believe to check diarrhoea Reunjha Fabaceae Bark Bark decoction is used to diarrhoea, one-cup decoction, twice daily for 5-6 days. Morshikha, morpankhi. Ingua, Hingua Pteridaceae Balanitaceae Whole plant Fruit pulp Whole plant paste with cow s milk is given to cure diarrheoa, twice in a Dally for 5 days. Fruit pulp is mixed with jaggery (gur) and made pea like pills. The pills are given for diarrhoea, two pills twice in a day till cure. Kachnar Fabaceae Leaves Leaves decoction is given to cure diarrhoea, half-cup decoction, twice in a day for 3 days. Charwa, char, achar Anacardiaceae Gum Gum is fried in cow ghee and this gum is used to cure diarrhoea, 5gm twice in a day for one week. 7. Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Chheul, Chheula, Palas, Tesu Fabaceae Stem Fresh stem gum is taken to cure diarrhoea, 2gm gum, once in a day for 5 days. 8. Dalbergia sissoo (Roxb.) 9. Ficus benghalensis (L.) 10. Helicteres isora (L.) Shisham Fabaceae Bark Bark decoction is given in diarrhoea, half-cup decoction, twice in a day for 5 days. Bargad Moraceae Bud Buds infusion is used to cure diarrhoea, 3 teaspoon buds infusion with one glass water, Ainthi, petmurri twice in day for 5 days. Malvaceae Fruit Fruits paste with whey is used in diarrhoea, 2- teaspoon paste with one-cup whey, twice in a day for 15 days. 125
11. Holarrhena pubescens (buch.-ham.) Wall. Ex G. Don. 12. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 13. Scoparia dulcis L. 14. Selaginella bryoptris (L.) Baker 15. Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. 16. Syzyium cumini (L.) 17. Terminalia arjuna Kuda, kutaja Bijuraha, bijahra (biasal) Apocynaceae Leave Leave decoction is given to cattle for diarrhoea, 500ml decoction, twice in a day for 5 days. Fabaceae Gum Gum is fried in cow ghee; this gum is given to treat diarrheoa, 5gm gum, once in a day for one week. Bada Tulsa Plantaginaceae Leave Leaves are chewed to cure diarrhoea, 4-5 leaves twice in a day for 5 days. Kamraj, Sanjiwani Sal, salai Selaginelleacea e Dipterocarpace ae Plant Stem The plant is soaked in water and kept overnight. In morning, the plant is pounded with black pepper, cardamom and crystal sugar. The mixture with cow s milk is given to children for cure diarrhoea. Stem decoction is used to cure diarrheoa, one-cup in a day for 5 days. Jamun Myrtaceae Bark Fresh juice with goat s milk is given to cure diarrhoea, halfcup juice with 1 glass milk, twice in a day for 5 days. Kahua, arjun Combretaceae Leave Leaves of kahua, jamun (syzygium cumunii), and khair (acacia catechu), are pounded together and given to cattle to cure diarrhoea, 500gm leaves, twice in a day for 5 days. 18. Curcuma amada robx. (tree 19. Zinyphus vulgaris (hrub/small tree) Amahaldi Zingiberaceae Rhizo me Ber Rhamnaceae Root, The rhizome powder is taken with Gur for diarrhoea. The powder of root is taken with honey or curd in case of diarrhoea. 126
Table -2: Plants used in curing dysentery. 1. Aegle marmelos (l.) 2. Argemone maxicana (l.) Bel Rutaceae Fruit The fruits juice is used to treat dysentery, one glass juice, once in a day for three days. Ghumaiya Papaveraceae Root Root juice is given to treat dysentery, half-cup juice, thrice in a day for 3 days. 3. Bauhinia vahlii (Wt & Arn.) 4. Boswellia serrata (roxb.ex) Mahua Fabaceae Leaves and flower salai Burseraceae Stem Leaves and flowers are eaten raw to cure dysentery, 2-3 leaves or 1-2 flowers, twice in a day for 3 days. Stem decoction is given to treat dysentery, one-cup decoction, once in a day for 3 days. 5. Butea monosperma (Lamk.) 6. Casearia elliptica (Willd. 7. Elephantopus scaber (L.) 9. Ficus benghalensis (L.) 10. Helicteres isora (L.) Chheul, Chheula, Palas, Tesu Fabaceae Stem Stem pounded and filtered juice is given to treat dysentery, one-cup juice, twice in a day for 3 days. Chilla Salicaceae Root Root is pounded and juice is given in dysentery, half-cup juice, twice in a day for 3 days Gojihawa Asteraceae Leave Leaves are crushed and mixed with salt and the mixture is taken with curd in dysentery, once in a day for 5 day. Bargad Moraceae Bark Bark decoction is used in dysentery, half-cup decoction, thrice in a day for 5 days. Ainthi, petmurri Malvaceae Seed Seed decoction is given is dysentery, half cup decoction, twice in a day for 5 days. 11. Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Bijuraha, bijahra (biasal) Fabaceae Gum Gum is fried with cow ghee and powdered; this powdered given with boiled water to cur dysentery, 5gm powder 127
12. Selaginella bryopteris (L.) 13. Shorea robusta gaert. F. Kamraj, sanjivani Sal, sarai with 1 glass of water, once in day for 5 days. Selaginellaceae Plant The plant is soaked in water and kept overnight In morning, the plant is pounded with black pepper, cardamom and crystal sugar. The mixture with cow s milk is given to children for cure dysentery. Dipterocarpaceae Boiled seed Boiled seed are given to cure dysentery, 10gm seed, twice in a day for 3 days. Gum powder with curd is given to cure dysentery, 2gm powder with one-cup of curd, twice in a day for 3 days. 14. Syzyium cumini (L.) Jamun Myrtraceae Bark Bark paste with whey is given to cure dysentery, 2- teaspoon paste with 1 glass of whey, twice in a day for 3 days Plate -1: Plant used in curing diarrhoea Acacia leucophloea Actiniopteris radiata Balanites aegyptiaca Bauhiniavariegate Achyranthes aspera Buchanania lanzan1spreng Dalbergia sissoo holarrhena pubescens Plumbago zeylanica 128
Scoparia dulcis Terminalia arjuna Curcuma amada Zizyphus vulgaris Plate -2: Plants used in curing dysentery Aegle marmelos Argemone Mexicana Bauhinia vahlii Boswellia serrata Casearia elliptica Cassia fistula Elephantopus scaber Teramnus labialis Plate 3: Plant used in curing both diarrhoea and dysentery Butea monosperma Ficus benghalensis Helicteres isora Pterocarpus marsupium 129
Selaginella bryopteris Shorea robusta syzyium cumini CONCLUSION It was observed that in Chitrakoot area 19 plant species were used for curing diarrheoa and 14 plant species used in dysentery the detailed recording of prescribed doses, administration and relevant aspects of the prescriptions can led to the development of new or alternative drugs though further investigations on photochemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, toxicity and clinical aspects. Due to the lack of written documents, most of the traditional knowledge about medicinal plants and their uses survived only by words of mouth from generation to generation and are being gradually lost. The destructive harvest is of severe consequences from both ecological as well as survival point of view of the species (Dawit & Ahadu, 1993) therefore sustainable harvesting of medicinal plants are recommended. REFERENCE Dawit, A. & Ahadu, A. 1993. Medicinal plants and enigmatic health practices of northern Ethiopia, (B: S: P: E., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia). Dwivedi, S.N. 1999. Traditional healthcare among tribals of Rewa district Madhya Pradesh with special reference to conservation of endangered and vulnerable species, J. Econ.Tax. Bot. 23(2): 315-320. Hemadari, K. and Rao, S.S. 1989. Folk medicine of Bastar, Ethnobotany, 1: 61-66. Kar, A. and Borthakur, S. K. 2008. Medicinal plants used against dysentery, diarrhoea and cholera by the tribes of erstwhile Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. 7 (2):176-181. Padhye, M. D. Deshmukh, V. K. & Tiwari, V. J. 1992. Ethnobotanical study of Korku tribe of Amravati District, Maharashtra State, India. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 30: 17 20. 130