Bibliometric analysis of open access research publications Wanyenda Chilimo
Outline Introduction and background Purpose of the study Review of similar studies Methodology Results and discussions Conclusions and recommendations
Definition of Open Access (OA) A new mode of scholarly communication through which the author(s) and right holder(s) of such contribution grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit, and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship Berlin Declaration of Open Access, 2003.
Introduction and back ground information Since the inception of the OA movement in the 1990s much has been written and studies have been conducted on various aspects of OA e.g. Viability of various OA models Technologies involved in making OA possible Management of OA repositories
Introduction and back ground information Perceptions of stakeholders in scholarly publishing e.g. publishers, authors, librarians, researchers, lawyers, funding agencies, university administrators, national governments etc OA is a widely debated issue in the scientific community, library world, and publishing industry and as the movement continues to evolve, there has been a surge in publications on this emerging phenomenon (Zao and Gang, 2007)
Purpose of the study Preliminary findings of a study that is being carried out to examine research output, trends and growth of knowledge in the field of OA between 2003 and 2013 inclusive as indexed and reflected in three databases Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA); Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) Library and Information Science Sources (LISS).
Purpose of the study Specifically the study sought to investigate Growth of OA literature from 2003 to 2013 Journals that publish OA research Profiles of authors researching on OA The most published subject areas in OA
Significance of the study The study will bring awareness on the available body of literature on OA Awareness of the journals where most research in OA is produced
Review of similar studies Bailey, 2005 The OA Bibliography over 1,300 selected books, conference papers, debates, editorials, e-prints, journal and magazine articles, news articles, technical reports etc published between 1999 and 2004 Zao and Gang, 2007 A content analysis of 227 articles on OA which appeared in peer reviewed LIS journals from 2000 to 2005
Review of similar studies Full-length articles touching on OA publishing and selfarchiving were analysed Findings indicated that majority of the articles were viewpoint articles as opposed to descriptive or empirical studies Majority of the authors were LIS professionals based in the U.S Collins, 2011 Literature review of journal articles published in 2008 and 2009 Extensive coverage of OA in 2008/2009 was due to the economic recession of 2007 where OA was seen as a more cost effective alternative to the crisis in scholarly communication.
Methodology Bibliometric study in which LISS, LISTA and LISA databases were used as source of data for published research articles Data collection was divided into three phases. Advanced search using open access as keyword and limiting the search to subject terms, peer reviewed and English language publications Advanced search using open access related keywords such as Institutional Repository, Self archiving, etc Data was cleaned up, duplicates and irrelevant records removed Data was analysed using Bibexcel and Excel as per objectives
Results and Discussions Articles published in journals indexed in LISS and LISTA databases and available through EBSCOhost was 1,148. Articles published in journals indexed in LISA database available through Proquest was 254. Total Number of articles 1,402 Out of the 1,404 articles 1,192 were research articles and 210 were short communication (Table 1) Short communication articles were excluded from further analysis
Table 1: Publication Type Publication Type EbscoHost ProQuest Total Journal Articles 957 235 1192 Editorials 35 4 39 Reports 46-46 News 11-11 Letters to the editors 2-2 Book reviews 2 13 15 Review of Internet sources e.g. databases, directories, web-portals 16 1 17 AO policy, Mandates and declarations 13-13 Interviews and discussions 3-3 New OA journal announcements and launching 8-8 Workshop and conferences notices and reports 16-16 Speeches 4-4 Other forms of communication 35 1 37 TOTAL 1,148 254 1,402
Results and Discussions Publication growth in the first 5 years was almost 10 times Two initiatives considered to be drivers for the open access movement may have contributed to rapid growth of literate in the early years Budapest Open Access Initiative - 2002 Berlin Declaration of Open Access - 2003
Source of the Publications 1,192 retrieved journal articles were published in 380 peer-reviewed journals 57 journals produced a total of 916 (77%) Table 1 The remaining 323 journals had 5 or less articles each with a third of these journals having published only 1 article on the subject
Online Information Review 20 Emerald Table 2: Top Journals Source Article Count Publisher Learned Publishing Journal 66 Ass. of Learned and professional Society Publishers, Serials Review 51 Elsevier First Monday 47 University of Illinois at Chicago Serials Librarian 44 Taylor & Francis Information Service and Use 40 IOS Press Serials 39 United Kingdom Serials Group. OCLC Systems and Services 36 Emerald Insights: the UKSG journal 27 United Kingdom Serials Group. Journal of Academic Librarianship 26 Elsevier Journal of Library Administration 24 Taylor & Francis DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information 22 Ministry of Defence - India Technology Libre Quarterly: The Journal of European 22 Association of European Research Libraries Research Libraries College & Research Libraries 21 Association of college and research Libraries Library Philosophy & Practice 20 University of Nebraska
Profiles of authors researching on OA Most prolific authors came from institutions based in the USA. Table 3 This was followed by UK 3, India 3, Finland 1, Canada 1 and Tanzania 1. The representation of authors from African countries was generally low There was very limited collaborations in the domain as most of the papers were single authored. Only 35% articles had multiple authors the rest were single authored articles.
Table 3: Profiles of authors researching on OA AUTHOR Publications Count Country Affiliation Xia, Jingfeng 17 USA Indiana University Willinsky, John 8 USA Stanford University Gadd, Elizabeth 8 UK Loughborough University Hamad, Stevan 8 UK University of Southampton Björk, Bo-Christer 7 Finland Hanken School of Economics, Suber, Peter 7 USA Harvard University Thatcher, Sanford G 7 USA Pennsylvania State University Sawant, Sarika 6 India SNDT Women s University Bhat, Mohammad Hanief 6 India Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Mukherjee, Bhaskar 6 India Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya University Waltham, Mary 5 USA Mary Waltham Publishing Dulle, F. W. 5 Tanzania Sokoine University of Agriculture Jacsó, Peter 5 USA University of Hawaii Nicholas, David 5 USA University of Tennessee Pinfield, Stephen 5 UK University of Sheffield Medeiros, Norm 5 USA Haverfold College Morrison, Heather 5 Canada University of Ottawa
Most researched OA themes Subjects and subject terms were collected and analysed Analysis of frequencies of occurrences of subjects and subject terms resulted into 1,462 unique terms 90 subject and subject terms with the highest frequency (word frequency >=12) are shown in Table 5.
Table 4: Most researched OA themes Subject term Count Subject term Count Subject term Count Open access publishing 1,188 Citation analysis 38 Bibliographical citations 21 Electronic journals/periodicals 322 Archives 37 Knowledge management 20 Electronic publishing 279 Serial publications 36 Learning & scholarship 20 Publishers & publishing 209 Internet 35 Scientific literature 20 Communication in learning & scholarship 156 Computer network resources 35 Intellectual property 19 Open access 154 United States 33 Library administration 18 Institutional repositories 142 Metadata 33 Research libraries 16 Academic libraries 124 Information retrieval 32 Uniform Resource Locators 16 Research 111 Academic discourse 32 Research institutes 15 Scholarly electronic publishing 88 Websites 32 Electronic information resource searching 15 Periodicals 81 Library storage centres 31 Public access computers in libraries 15 Digital libraries 81 Libraries & publishing 29 Science 15 Libraries 69 Developing countries 29 Digital preservation 15 Universities & colleges 62 Subscriptions to serial publications 29 Online databases 15 Scholarly publishing 59 Great Britain 28 Bibliometrics 14 Information resources 57 Information technology 28 Grey literature 14 Access to information 56 Electronic books 27 Computer software 14 Electronic information resources 53 Surveys 26 Scientific community 14 Periodicals Publishing 52 Online information services 26 Communication 13 Librarians 51 Business models 26 University Presses 13 Data libraries 48 Peer review 47 ICTs 13 Information resources 45 Libraries & electronic publishing 24 Internet publishing 13 Management Information services 43 Open Source software 24 Documentation 13 Copyright 43 Publications 24 Library materials 12 Databases 42 Scholars 23 Library users 12 Information science 41 Authors & publishers 22 Library public services 12 Scholarly publications 40 Information storage & retrieval systems 22 Medical research 12 Science publishing 39 Authors 21 Impact factor (Citation analysis) 12 Library science 39 Conferences & conventions 21 Academic dissertations 12
Most researched OA themes Impact of OA on scholarly communication and publishing industry (4,892) Green OA, institutional repositories and self archiving (531) Gold OA / OA journals / (468) Librarians / Libraries and OA (409). Access to information (395) ICTs technologies that support OA (394) Evaluation and quality assurance in OA scholarly publishing (220) OA, intellectual property and copy right issues (62)
Conclusions and recommendations Growth of Literature has been significant in the last 11 years which shows there is growing interest in the subject Most research in OA is published in journals There is no journal specifically dedicated to research in OA Single authors produced 65%
Future work Analysis of total publication output of prolific authors to determine authors with strong focus on OA Analysis of publication output of top journals to determine journals with strong focus on OA research Citation analysis Analysis of OA policies of journal that publish OA research / How open are they?