Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma- Related Psychological Disorders

Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma- Related Psychological Disorders

Ulrich Schnyder Marylène Cloitre Editors Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders A Practical Guide for Clinicians

Editors Ulrich Schnyder Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland Marylène Cloitre Dissemination and Training Division National Center for PTSD San Franciso, California USA ISBN 978-3-319-07108-4 ISBN 978-3-319-07109-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-07109-1 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2015931248 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents 1 Introduction.............................................. 1 Ulrich Schnyder and Marylène Cloitre Part I Traumatic Stress: The Basic Principles 2 Trauma as a Public Health Issue: Epidemiology of Trauma and Trauma- Related Disorders.............................. 11 Sarah R. Lowe, Jaclyn Blachman-Forshay, and Karestan C. Koenen 3 Psychological and Social Theories of PTSD.................... 41 Mirjam J. Nijdam and Lutz Wittmann 4 Neurobiological Findings in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder....... 63 Iris-Tatjana Kolassa, Sonja Illek, Sarah Wilker, Alexander Karabatsiakis, and Thomas Elbert 5 Understanding Pathways from Traumatic Exposure to Physical Health......................................... 87 Paula P. Schnurr Part II Stress and Trauma Related Disorders 6 The Diagnostic Spectrum of Trauma-Related Disorders.......... 107 Richard A. Bryant Part III Psychotherapy 7 Early Intervention After Trauma............................. 125 Richard A. Bryant 8 Prolonged Exposure Therapy................................ 143 Carmen P. McLean, Anu Asnaani, and Edna B. Foa 9 Cognitive Therapy for PTSD: Updating Memories and Meanings of Trauma................................... 161 Anke Ehlers and Jennifer Wild v

vi Contents 10 Cognitive Processing Therapy............................... 189 Tara E. Galovski, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Kathleen M. Chard, Candice M. Monson, and Patricia A. Resick 11 EMDR Therapy for Trauma-Related Disorders................. 205 Francine Shapiro and Deany Laliotis 12 Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET): Reorganizing Memories of Traumatic Stress, Fear, and Violence........................ 229 Thomas Elbert, Maggie Schauer, and Frank Neuner 13 Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy for PTSD........................ 255 Berthold P.R. Gersons, Marie-Louise Meewisse, and Mirjam J. Nijdam 14 STAIR Narrative Therapy.................................. 277 Marylène Cloitre and Janet A. Schmidt 15 Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT) for Prolonged Grief Disorder............................................ 299 M. Katherine Shear Part IV Comorbidities 16 Trauma and Substance Abuse: A Clinician s Guide to Treatment.............................................. 317 Lisa M. Najavits 17 Treating PTSD and Borderline Personality Disorder............. 331 Melanie S. Harned and Kathryn E. Korslund 18 The Complexity of Chronic Pain in Traumatized People: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges........................ 347 Naser Morina and Niklaus Egloff Part V Treating Special Populations 19 Evidence-Based Treatments for Children and Adolescents........ 363 Markus A. Landolt and Justin A. Kenardy 20 Treating PTSD Symptoms in Older Adults..................... 381 Maja O Connor and Ask Elklit 21 Treatment of Traumatized Refugees and Immigrants............ 399 Thomas Maier 22 Considerations in the Treatment of Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder........................... 413 Shannon E. McCaslin, Jessica A. Turchik, and Jennifer J. Hatzfeld

Contents vii Part VI Special Treatment Modalities 23 Group Treatment for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders.... 433 Scott D. Litwack, J. Gayle Beck, and Denise M. Sloan 24 Couple Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder............ 449 Candice M. Monson, Anne C. Wagner, Alexandra Macdonald, and Amy Brown-Bowers 25 Telemental Health Approaches for Trauma Survivors............ 461 Eric Kuhn, Julia E. Hoffman, and Josef I. Ruzek Part VII Pharmacotherapy 26 Pharmacologic Treatment for Trauma-Related Psychological Disorders..................................... 479 Lori L. Davis, Laura J. Van Deventer, and Cherry W. Jackson Part VIII Conclusions 27 What Works for Whom?.................................... 499 Marylène Cloitre, Richard A. Bryant, and Ulrich Schnyder Index........................................................ 513