Pakistan J. Agric. Res. Vl. 25 N. 4, 2012 BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L. Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf* ABSTRACT:- The bilgical parameters f Menchilus sexmaculatus Fab., as influenced by different temperature regimes and hst were studied at Insectary-Bilgical Cntrl Labratries, Natinal Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that there was a significant effect f different temperature regimes n the develpment and predatry ptential f M. sexmaculatus reared n Rhpalsiphum padi. The egg incubatin perid f predatr beetle was 4.16, 3.66 and 2.24 days at 221 C, 28 1 C and 34 1 C, respectively. Mean fecundity was 430.53, 548.67 and 432.43 eggs, respectively. Percentage egg hatchability f the predatr was significantly higher at 281 C. The ttal larval duratin f predatr was 9.47, 7.70 and 5.49 days, respectively. Duratin f pupal perid ranged between 2.21 and 4.35 days n R. padi at three temperatures. The pre-vipsitin, vipsitin and pst-vipsitin perids were between 4.64 and 7.48, 24.99 and 39.93 and 4.76 and 8.09 days, respectively n R. padi. Mean predatry ptential f all larval s ranged frm 148 t 162 aphids, respectively. The prey cnsumptin f female beetle was significantly higher than male. The adult male cnsumed frm 2294 t 2422 aphids and female cnsumed frm 2912 t 3085 aphids, respectively. Based n results f present study, pssibility f quality mass rearing and cmmercializatin f predatry beetle, M. sexmaculatus was ascertained. Key Wrds: Menchilus sexmaculatus; Rhpalsiphum padi; Predatr; Prey Cnsumptin; Bilgy; Predatry Ptential; Pakistan. INTRODUCTION The zigzag beetle, Menchilus sexmaculatus (Fab.), cmmnly knwn as lady bird beetle is a predaceus cccinellid with wide distributin in Suth Western Asia, Indnesia, Philippines, Suth Africa, Pakistan and India. The predatr beetle is an efficient feeder and prey n a wide range f sft bdied insects including aphids, plant hppers, thrips, jassids, scale insects, mealy bugs and white fly infesting large number f cultivated crps (Rahman et al., 1993; Slangi et al., 2007). The adult f M. sexmaculatus are bright yellw in clur with black vertical zigzag lines. The bth adult and larval stages are vracius feeder f aphid species. Many aphid species are serius pests f different cereal *Department f Plant and Envirnmental Prtectin, PARC Institute f Advance Studies in Agriculture, Islamabad, Pakistan. **Insect Pest Management Prgramme, Institute f Plant and Envirnmental Prtectin, Natinal Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. ***Crp Sciences Institute, Natinal Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. Crrespnding authr: javednarc2010@gmail.cm 318
ASRAR ALI ET AL. crps in Pakistan. The bird cherryat aphid, Rhpalsiphum padi (L) has recently becme ne f the mst imprtant pests f wheat and been cnsidered a serius threat t cereals. Besides causing yield lsses directly, the aphid als acts as the vectr f barley yellw dwarf virus (Sunil et al., 2007). Temperature is ne f the mst imprtant envirnmental factrs that influence the develpmental rate f Cccinellids and affect its reprductive and predatry perfrmance. The predacius cccinellids are f great ecnmic imprtance and have been successfully emplyed in the bilgical cntrl f many injurius insects (Ali and Rizvi, 2009). The present studies were aimed t investigate sme bilgical parameters as well as pre-datry ptential f M. sexmaculatus n bird cherry-at aphid, R. padi at varius cnstant temperature levels. MATERIALS AND METHOD The study was carried ut under labratry cnditins n the bilgical parameters f M. sexmaculatus feeding n R. padi. The experiments were cnducted at the Insectary- Bilgical Cntrl Labs., Insect Pest Management Prgramme (IPMP), Institute f Plant and Envirnmental Prtectin (IPEP), Natinal Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The predatr beetles were cllected frm the wheat fields at NARC fr rearing in the labratry. The culture f predatr was maintained n its hst, R. padi. The pairs f adult M. sexmaculatus were cllected frm the culture and kept int the plastic jars cvered with muslin clth. Aphid infested, leaves f wheat plant were kept inside the plastic jar t serve as a fd fr the beetle. Every day, the eggs depsited by the female were remved frm jars. Freshly laid eggs (n=50) were transferred int Petri dishes (9cm diameter) with the help f sft camel hair brush and allwed t hatch at three cnstant temperature levels (221 C, 281 C and 341 C) and 60 5 % R.H. in the insect hlding rm. Incubatin perid and number f eggs hatched per batch were recrded. In the first set f experiment, 30 predatr grubs f the same age were cllected frm jars and were individually reared n R. padi at three temperatures in plastic vials (4.0cm 6.0cm). Cunted number f first and secnd s f R. padi was prvided as fd t the early larvae f M. sexmaculatus. The number f aphids increased with the develpment f larval s. This prcedure was fllwed till pupatin. The data n develpmental perid and predatry ptential f immature M. sexmaculatus were recrded. In anther set f experiment, 30 pairs f newly emerged adults were cllected frm culture and each pair was released in small plastic jars t study predatry ptential f adults. Minimum number f aphids (150 nymphs per day) was prvided t M. sexmaculatus till the predatr's mrtality. The data n develpmental perid, predatry ptential f adult beetles, and eggs laid by each female were recrded daily. The data btained was analyzed statistically by ANOVA accrding t prcedure given by Mari et al. (2005). The means f significant differences were cmpared by LSD at 5% level. 319
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Incubatin Perid and Percent Egg Hatchability The data revealed that there was a significant effect f different temperature regimes n the incubatin perid and egg hatchability f the predatr. The incubatin perid was shrter at 34 C, whereas, percent egg hatchability was higher at 28 C (Table 1). The egg incubatin perid was ranged frm 2.24 t 4.16 days and hatchability was between 63.20 and 76.8 % at three different temperature levels n R. padi. Slangi et al. (2007) reprted incubatin perid f M. sexmaculatus frm 7.1 t 7.5 days. Hwever, percent hatchability was very much similar t the present results (64.33-70.69 at 252 C). This difference may be due t the aphid species, the predatr was reared n. The mean number f eggs laid per female ranged frm 430 t 549 at three different temperatures. The results n mean number f eggs laid per female f M. sexmaculatus were als very much clser t the results f Khan and Yusaf (1986) wh reprted that 347.5, 715.5 and 356 eggs were laid by each female at 26 C, 28 C and 34 C, respectively. Develpmental Perid f Larval The data n develpmental perid revealed that temperature significantly influenced the develpment f first, secnd, third and furth s f M. sex-maculatus reared n R. padi. With the gradual increase in temperature the duratin f larval s reduced (Table 1). The ttal larval duratin was significantly higher (9.47 days) at 22 C. Hwever, there was n significant difference in ttal larval duratin at 28 C and 34 C. Prdhan et al. (1995) als reprted ttal larval perid f M. sexmaculatus frm 7 t 9 Table 1. Bilgical parameters f Menchilus sexmaculatus reared n Rhpalsiphum padi at three temperatures regimes Parameter Temperature (ºC) 22 1 28 1 34 1 LSD Egg incubatin perid (days) N f eggs/female Percent hatchability st Duratin f 1 (days) nd Duratin f 2 (days) rd Duratin f 3 (days) th Duratin f 4 (days) Ttal larval duratin (days) Pupal perid (days) Pre-vipsitin (days) Ovipsitin (days) Pst-vipsitin (days) Adult male lngevity (days) Adult female lngevity days) 4.16 430.53 69.20 2.18 2.30 2.08 2.91 9.47 4.35 7.48 39.93 8.09 41.80 55.10 0.15 a 10.77 b 2.33 ab 0.04 a 0.04 a 0.05 a 0.06 a 0.09 b 0.08 a 0.18 a 0.61 a 0.20 a 0.44 a 0.47 a 3.66 0.15 b 548.67 11.62 a 76.80 1.91 1.91 1.61 2.27 2.05 a 0.03 b 0.02 b 0.07 b 0.05 b 7.7 0.08 a 3.90 6.07 29.34 5.86 32.73 41.27 0.03 b 0.14 b 0.42 b 0.17 b 0.38 b 0.38 b 2.24 432.43 63.20 1.12 1.11 1.19 2.07 5.49 2.21 4.64 24.99 4.76 26.13 34.40 0.12 c 7.67 b 4.22 b 0.02 c 0.02 c 0.04 c 0.04 c 0.07 a 0.06 c 0.19 c 0.40 c 0.21 c 0.27 c 0.30 c 0.4350 28.5690 9.3325 0.0892 0.0807 0.1486 0.1519 0.2240 0.1789 0.4780 1.3700 0.5460 1.0383 1.0946 Means fllwed by same letter d nt differ significantly at P 0.05. 320
ASRAR ALI ET AL. days n bean aphid. Pupal perid f the predatr ranged between 2.21 and 4.35 days at different temperatures. These findings are in cnfirmatin with Mari et al. (2004) wh reprted the average pupal perid f 3.6 days. Develpmental Perid f Adults The data revealed that lngevity f adult M. sexmaculatus (male and female) ranged between 26.13 and 41.80 and between 34.40 and 55.10 days, respectively, and was lngest at 22 C. The increase in temperature resulted in faster develpment f the predatrs by reducing develpmental perids (Table 1). The results als shwed that adult female lived lnger than male n R. padi at the three tested temperatures. Similar, findings were als reprted by Ngammuang (1987). He fund that the lngevity f male was less (37.8 days) than female (59.53 days) fed n A. craccivra Kch. Pre-vipsitin, vipsitin and pst-vipsitin perid ranged frm 4.64 t 7.48 frm 24.99 t 39.93 and frm 4.76 t 8.09 days, respectively. These results were in agreement with Millar and Lamana (1995), wh fund that the vipsitin perid f C. trifasciata Linnaeus was reduced frm 44.2 t 11.1 days with the increase in temperature frm 18 C t 34 C. Predatry Ptential f Immature Predatry ptential f first, secnd, third and furth ranged frm 12.96 t 15.56, frm 24.90 t 37.43, frm 26.70 t 34.60 and frm 73.20 t 87.66 aphids at different temperatures and the ttal larval ptential was between 148.33 and 162.47 aphids (Figure 1). These Aphid cnsumed 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 1. 1st 221 c 281 c 341 c 2nd 3rd 4th Predatry ptential f immature stages f M. sexmaculatus feeding n R. padi at three temperature levels results varied frm Khan and Yusaf (1986) wh reprted that the ttal larval predatry ptential ranged frm 323 t 614 aphids at cnstant temperature. These variatins may be due t different insect hsts r hst density r size f hsts. Predatry Ptential f Adults In adult female it ranged frm 2912 t 3085 aphids and was greater than the adult male, i.e. frm 2294 t 2422 aphids at three temperature levels. It may be due t lnger adult Aphid Cnsumed 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Figure 2. Temperatures 221 C 281 C 341 C Male Female Predatry ptential f adult M. sexmaculatus feeding n R. padi at three temperature levels 321
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL lngevity perid in females than males. Predatry ptential f male was significantly higher at 28 C, hwever, it was equally gd at 22 C and 28 C (Figure 2). Similarly, Mari et al. (2005) fund that the predatry ptential f male M. sexmaculatus and C. undecimpunctata Linnaeus was 2548 and 2930, and f female 2800 and 3080 alfalfa aphids, respectively. LITERATURE CITED Ali, A. and Rizvi, P.Q. 2009. Life table studies f Menchilus sexmaculatus Fabr. (Cleptera: Cccinellidae) at varying temperature n Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. Wrld Appl. Sci. J. 7(7):897-901. Khan, M. A. and Yusaf, M. 1986. Temperature and fd requirements f Chilmenes sexmaculata (Cleptera : Cccinellidae). Envirn. Entml. 15: 800-802. Mari, J. M. Nizamani, S. M. and Lhar, M.K. 2004. Bilgy f Menchilus sexmaculatus Fab. and Cccinella undecim-punctata L. (Cleptera: Cccinellidae) n alfalfa aphid. J. Asia- pacific Entml. 7(3): 297-301. Mari, J. M. Rizvi, N. H. Nizamani, S. M. Qureshi, K. H. and Lhar, M. K. 2005. Predatry efficiency f Menchilus sexmaculatus Fab. and Cccinella undecim punctata L. (Cleptera: Cccinellidae) n alfalfa aphid. Asian J. Pl. Sci. 4(4): 365-369. Millar, J. C. and Lamana, M. L. 1995. Assessment f temperature dependent develpment in the general ppulatin and amng isfemale lines f Cccinella trifasciata (Cleptera: Cccinellidae). Entmphag. 40(2): 183-192. Ngammuang, Pa-Nan. 1987. Study n the Cccinelidae, Micraspis sexmaculatus (F.) (Cleptera: Cccinellidae) and its rle as bilgical cntrl agent. Thai J. Agric. Res. 2(1): 64-69. Prdhan, N. Z. H. Haque, M. A. Khan, A. B. and Rahman, A. K. M. 1995. Bilgy f Micraspis sexmaculatus (Cccinellidae) and its susceptibility t tw insecticides. Bangladesh J. Entml. 5(1-2): 11-17. Rahman, M. H. Sardar, M. A. Miah, M. R. U. and Kamal, N. Q. 1993. Cnsumptin rate f Aphis medicaginis by the grubs f Menchilus sexmaculatus Fab. Bangladesh J. Zl. 21(1): 185-187. Slangi, B. K. Hulli, M. H. and Balch, N. 2007. Bilgical parameters and prey cnsumptin by zigzag beetle, Menchilus sexmaculatus Fab. against R. maidis, A. gssypii and T. triflii. Sarhad J. Agric. 23(4): 1097-1101. Sunil, K.R.G. Laskar, N. and Senapati, S.K. 2007. Seasnal incidence f Predatr Menchilus sexmaculatus (Berliner) n brinjal and harmful effect f insecticides n predatr. Indian J. Agric. Res. 41 (2): 102-106. 322