Brain, Stroke and Kidney

Brain, Stroke and Kidney

Contributions to Nephrology Vol. 179 Series Editor Claudio Ronco Vicenza

Brain, Stroke and Kidney Volume Editor Kazunori Toyoda Osaka 21 figures and 20 tables, 2013 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

Contributions to Nephrology (Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne) Kazunori Toyoda Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita Osaka, 565-8565 Japan Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brain, stroke, and kidney / volume editor, Kazunori Toyoda. p. ; cm. -- (Contributions to nephrology, ISSN 0302-5144 ; v. 179) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-3-318-02351-0 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-3-318-02352-7 (e-isbn) I. Toyoda, Kazunori (Physician) II. Series: Contributions to nephrology ; v. 179. 0302-5144 [DNLM: 1. Stroke--physiopathology. 2. Kidney Diseases--complications. 3. Stroke--prevention & control. 4. Stroke--therapy. W1 CO778UN v.179 2013 / WL 356] RC388.5 616.8 1--dc23 2013008815 Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and Index Medicus. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2013 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Bosch Druck, Ergolding ISSN 0302 5144 e-issn 1662 2782 ISBN 978 3 318 02351 0 e-isbn 978 3 318 02352 7

Contents Introduction 1 Cerebrorenal Interaction and Stroke Toyoda, K. (Suita, Osaka) Underlying Concepts for Cerebrorenal Interaction 7 Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System for Cerebrorenal Protection Lambers Heerspink, H.J. (Groningen) 15 Obesity and Heart Failure as a Mediator of the Cerebrorenal Interaction Jindal, A.; Whaley-Connell, A.; Sowers, J.R. (Columbia, Mo.) Risk of Clinical and Subclinical Brain Damage in Kidney Disease 24 Subclinical Cerebral Abnormalities in Chronic Kidney Disease Yao, H.; Takashima, Y.; Hashimoto, M. (Saga); Uchino, A. (Saitama); Yuzuriha, T. (Saga) 35 Carotid Atherosclerosis in Kidney Disease Kokubo, Y. (Suita) 42 Kidney Disease and Cognitive Function Elias, M.F.; Dore, G.A. (Orono, Me.); Davey, A. (Philadelphia, Pa.) 58 Risk of Stroke in Kidney Disease Ninomiya, T. (Fukuoka) Primary Prevention of Stroke in Kidney Disease 67 Role of 24-Hour Blood Pressure Management in Preventing Kidney Disease and Stroke Nagai, M.; Hoshide, S.; Kario, K. (Tochigi) 81 Preventing Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Renal Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Focus on Anticoagulation Ahmad, Y.; Lip, G.Y.H. (Birmingham) V

Management for Stroke in Kidney Disease 92 Stroke Features and Management in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Kamouchi, M. (Fukuoka) 100 Stroke Feature and Management in Dialysis Patients Iseki, K. (Okinawa) 110 Thrombolysis and Hyperacute Reperfusion Therapy for Stroke in Renal Patients Hirano, T. (Yufu) 119 Antiplatelet Therapy for Preventing Stroke in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Kim, S.J.; Bang, O.Y. (Seoul) 130 Author Index 131 Subject Index VI Contents