Open Access By IOP Publishing Sarah QUIN Senior Publisher UPMC, Feb. 5th, 2013
A look at Authors, Researchers and Open Access (OA) And how a traditional society publisher engages with it since 1998
Agenda Introduction to IOP Key Definitions for Open Access Authors requirements Copyright in OA OA at IOP; New Journal of Physics Funding OA APCs and Hybrid OA Challenges for OA Summary
Introduction to IOP Publishing company owned by the Institute of Physics in the UK All profit from the company is returned to the Institute to support their work to promote physics: in the UK, as part of the EPS and other societies and initiatives in Europe and around the world Publish 68 journals 30 solely owned by IOP, 38 partner titles Three magazines Physics World, CERN Courier, ESRFnews Several community web sites physicsworld, nanotechweb, medicalphysicsweb, environmentalresearchweb
Definition: Gold OA Articles free to read and to re-use, to all readers Final and best quality version of published article Readers and institutions are not charged for access Publishing costs are paid for by authors, funders, or other funding models, by charging APCs Many gold OA journals operate same level of peer review as traditional journals Over 8000 OA journals are listed in Directory of Open Access Journals, DOAJ
Definition: Green OA Articles are submitted and published in a subscriptionmodel journal, but can be self-archived in personal, institutional or subject repositories Articles are published in a journal as standard Authors self-archive a version of the article but not the final published version Embargos imposed in many cases May be issues of Quality or Version control? Preprints (e.g arxiv) or postprints (incl. peer review) There are some mandates for Green OA, but they are unfunded
Definition: Hybrid OA Articles are published as Gold OA within a subscriptionmodel journal Articles are published in a journal as standard An APC is paid by authors or funders Article is Gold OA free to read and to re-use Hybrid OA has been made available in response to increasing demand from funding bodies and other organizations Some requirement to adjust subscription pricing ( doubledipping ) It is a transitional model
Definition: Article Processing Charge (APC) Article Processing Charge (APC) is the cost of publishing a Gold OA article Cost to make the article free to read and to re-use APC covers (among other things): Publication costs Peer review Online hosting Article enhancements (e.g. video abstracts) Article level metrics Dissemination of article Long-term archiving of published paper All other publishing tasks
Authors requirements What should you look for when publishing a Gold OA article? Journal Quality (reputation, reliability, standard of peer review) Article Quality (enhancements, services) Speed of Publication Simplicity of submission Copyright Security Visibility, Tags, Article enhancements Long Term Archiving Funding method where is the payment coming from? Reasonable Pricing of APCs Licensing terms for re-use of articles
Copyright traditional journals The accepted version (author s final version): Can be posted onto the author s personal website without embargo (green) Can be posted onto a third-party repository after an embargo of 12 24 months (green) The published version: Can be used for non-commercial use in dissertations, for teaching purposes and in oral presentations
Copyright OA IOP requests an Assignment of Copyright but provides re-use of the content under a Creative Commons licence for OA articles CC-BY 3.0 Creative Commons licence This licence allows others to distribute, remix, amend, and build upon a piece of work as long as they credit the original creation. The licences grant rights to the users of the content but do not replace the copyright, which remains with the copyright holder. There are other CC versions with different restrictions
OA titles available from IOP Gold OA publisher since 1998 New Journal of Physics (partner title with DPG) Environmental Research Letters 5 other fully open access titles Hybrid gold open access (OA within a Non-OA title) Option enabled on 27 IOP owned and partner titles Journal of Physics series EPL Green open access ArXiv/PubMed central/institutional repositories
Gold OA example NJP Launched in 1998 by the German Physical Society (DPG) and the Institute of Physics (IOP) The first peer-reviewed OA journal to cover the whole of physics At the time considered a novel experiment, term OA didn t exist, now considered to be pioneering Significant initial and ongoing investment and support required as it moves from novel experiment to established journal Vision remains to be a high quality journal with rigorous peer review, developing new ways of disseminating high quality research Article charge 1320, IF 4.177
NJP - characteristics All content permanently free to read Funded solely by article charges (2013 fee = 1320) Subject coverage across the whole of physics Strict peer-review process and editorial criteria > 70% of submissions are rejected Electronic-only Free use of colour and multimedia No article length restrictions Recently launched video abstracts Author-friendly copyright Creative Commons CC - BY 3.0
NJP Citation performance 4,500 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 0,500 0,000 NJP Impact Factor since 2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Current Impact Factor is 4.177 The highest gold OA journal in physics 3 rd highest Impact Factor out of all general physics, original research journals Always intended to be a high-quality, highimpact journal
Growth of OA content in IOP journals IOP was among the first to publish open access content NJP is now very successful but it has taken significant time, effort and investment Other titles have been launched including: Environmental Research Letters Journal of Physics: Conference Series Other partnership journals More than one-third of all IOP articles are now open-access IOP Publishing is one of the largest OA publishers in the physical sciences and related areas
Gold OA IOP Experience Summary KEY: High quality content Serving physics and related communities Maintenance of high quality publication standard Sustainability through adequate APCs Gold OA seen as a sustainable transition of subscription model Developing responsibly and successfully for 14 years Open Access before Open Access!
Check back existing models of OA Which model will prove the most realistic and viable? Pure gold open access requires APC Article Processing Charge paid by authors Hybrid OA APC + Subscriptions Article Charge levied within subscription-based journal Subscription must be revised to avoid doubledipping Other models e.g. sponsorship models, consortium arrangements Green OA requires embargos Not seen as sustainable
Looking again at Hybrid OA Hybrid OA option Launched in June 2011 across 27 IOP subscription based titles in recognition of increasing demand from funding bodies and other organisations for open access Gives authors another option for OA within existing journal titles Copyright: Creative Commons License CC BY 3.0. You are free: to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix to adapt the work to make commercial use of the work Immediate access to best version of article
APCs for Hybrid OA Article Processing Charge (APC) Cost of Hybrid APCs = 1,950 APC covers all publication costs from peer review to long-term archiving Set at a level to support sustainability across the whole IOP journals portfolio This is still a transitional stage between two different business models Article charge revenue will inform setting of future subscription prices Price below funders threshold = 2,000
Who pays for OA? Author Processing Charge (APC) can be through: Direct payment from authors University Libraries Funding or Sponsoring institution Grants Funds, private, public (e.g. Wellcome Trust) Other sources, e.g. Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Journal fund
Factors influencing APCs Gold or hybrid Hybrid OA journals incur additional transition costs while maintaining two publishing models Print vs. online-only Online-only journals (such as NJP and ERL) do not incur costs associated with print or hard-copy distribution/storage. Rejection rate A high rejection rate journal must generate revenue from fewer sources Peer-review and production process Rigour and value added by the publisher is reflected in the article charge Future investment Publishers must remain agile to the demands of their communities
Challenges Author s ease of access to funds for APCs Some funders have clear guidelines; some don t Usage/Reuse/Copyright Use of Creative Commons licences and understanding what it means (different types of licence, differences between copyright and creative commons licence) Copyright Licence! OA = Free to read AND free to re-use Not just freely available
Green OA at IOP Accepted manuscript after peer review Embargo of 12-24 months following publication (dep. on journal/subject area) No current contribution to costs hence the necessity of embargos. Undermining high-quality publishing because it most likely achieves universal access to inferior version of article after embargo. Quality/Version control? IOP opposes unfunded mandates for the deposit of IOP articles in repositories
Summary of IOP s view on OA IOP open to different business models to the subscription model for more than 14 years IOP wants authors to be able to publish in their journal of choice regardless of business model Authors should make a decision based on their own requirements for quality, ease-of-access, funding, etc. Gold + Hybrid OA enables authors to publish in their journal of choice, and comply with funding agency and institutional policies It is a sustainable complement or alternative to subscription publishing IOP will work with funding bodies and research institutes which want to publish their research in this way
Further information www.iopscience.org http://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/openaccess http://authors.iop.org/atom/usermgmt.nsf/authorse rvices http://iopscience.iop.org/1367-2630/videoabstracts http://creativecommons.org/licences/ http://www.doaj.org/ http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/index.html www.rin.org
Avez-vous des questions? Merci beaucoup pour votre attention sarah.quin@iop.org