Stigma of Mental Illness is there a method in the madness? Łukasz Borecki The Bogdan Janski Academy in Warsaw Department in Opole Olomouc, 21.01.2013
Stigma what this really means? Public attitudes Emotional reactions Stereotype Offensive language Stereotype agreement Treatment stigma Prejudice Perceived stigma Selfconcurrence Exclusion Labelling Self- stigma Discrimination Public stigma Coping strategies
Though this be madness, yet there s a method in t Hamlet, William Shakespare
The Stigmatizing Goffman, 1963 (public) The Stigmatized
The Stigmatizing Goffman, 1963 (public) The Stigmatized
The Stigmatizing Public attitudes Stereotypes Prejudice Emotional reactions Discrimination
The Stigmatized Perceived stigma (Kanter, 2009) Public (mirrored stigma) (Kanter, 2008) Self stigma (stereotype awareness, stereotype agreement + self concurrence)(corrigan, 2010) Experienced stigma /discrimination (Kanter 2008, Świtaj 2008) Treatment stigma (Kanter, 2008) Emotional reactions (Link, 1982) Coping strategies (Kanter, 2009)
The Stigmatized Stigma from the perspective of The Stigmatized is subject to notional misunderstandings, Stigma is often reduced to experienced discrimination and various dimensions of stigma are being denied (Świtaj, 2008) Comprehensive theory and studies are lacking (despite large amount of works),
Stigma of (what) Mental Illness? Is this a stigma of mental illness as a whole? Or is it a stigma of schizophrenia, depression etc? Is there any gifference with patience with difference diagnosis?
Perceived stigma Delivered by Kanter (2009), represents an awareness of stigma held by the public by the person who experiences depressive symptoms (but is not necessarily hosptalized).
Self -stigma Represents internalized stigma, the opinions held by the public become opinions of The Stigmatized, targeted to him/herself (Kanter, 2009/Corrigan, 2010). Public/mirrored stigma (Kanter, 2009) represents public opinions internalized by The Stigmatized and pionted against other people with illness
The Corrigan's model of selfstigma Stereotype awareness (=perceived stigma), Stereotype agreement Self- concurrence Self- stigma
The Corrigan's model of self stigma Although Corrigan's model of self-stigma is empirically tested and valid, it describes only a part of stigma from the perspective of the stigmatized and does not include i.e: Experiences of dicrimination, Emotional reactions, Treatment stigma, Coping strategies
The Corrigan's model of self- stigma Speaking of stereotype awareness and agreement shouldn't we speak of prejudice or discrimination awareness and agreement? Corrigan model appears to be a base to create a comprehensive model that includes various dimensions of stigma from the perspective of The Stigmatized.
Stigma of Mental Illness or stigma of mental problems? Is this a stigma of mental illness or stigma of psychiatric treatment? Examining people who were not in psychiatric care, but experience depressive symtoms Kanter finds categories that are similar to those who investigate psychiatric patinets,
Stigma of Mental Illness or stigma of mental problems? Maybe stigma of mental illness is just treatment stigma? Or is there stigma that is attached to particular mental illness (stigma of schizophrenia, stigma of depression, etc.) From psychological point of view creating a comprehensive model of people who experience symptoms of illnessess and disorders, but are not necessarily hospitalized would be of use.
Conclusion Need of wide range of investigation of mental problems or psychological problems stigma, Need of comprehensive model of stigma from the perspective of the stigmatized, unifying the dimensions of stigma that arose in recent studies, broadening view stigma not only to people who are hospitalized.