UNIVERSITI MALAYA UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA PEPERIKSAAN IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA SAINS EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE SESI AKADEMIK 2016/2017 : SEMESTER I ACADEMIC SESSION 2016/2017 : SEMESTER I SCES3140 : KIMIA INDUSTRI II INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY II Dis 2016/Jan 2017 Dec 2016/Jan 2017 Masa: 3 jam Time: 3 hours ARAHAN KEPADA CALON: INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: Kertas soalan ini mengandungi Bahagian A dan B This paper consists of Section A and B Jawab soalan mengikut arahan yang diberikan dalam setiap bahagian. Questions should be answered according to the instructions given in each section. (Kertas ini mengandungi 5 soalan dalam 9 halaman yang dicetak) (This question paper consists of 5 questions on 9 printed pages)
BAHAGIAN A (50 MARKAH) SECTION A (50 MARKS) 1. (a) Huraikan kaedah-kaedah penghasilan alkohol lemak daripada minyak dan lemak. Describe methods in the production of fatty alcohols from oil and fats. (6 markah/marks) (b) Syarikat Davy McKee dan Lurgi masing-masing memperkenalkan penghasilan alcohol lemak melalui laluan asid dan laluan ester. Davy McKee and Lurgi companies introduced fatty alcohol production via acid route and ester route respectively. Terangkan industri penghasilan alkohol lemak melalui laluan asid dan laluan ester. Describe the industrial production of fatty alcohol via acid route and ester route. (6 markah/marks) Kenapa kos penghasilan alkohol lemak menggunakan proses Lurgi adalah lebih murah berbanding dengan proses Davy McKee? Why the fatty alcohol production cost using Lurgi process is cheaper than Davy McKee process? (c) Nyatakan satu kegunaan produk oleokimia berikut: State one application of the following oleochemical product: Alkohol lemak Fatty alcohol Gliserol Glycerol 2/9
2. Data dibawah menunjukkan pecahan penukaran (x) dengan kadar tindak balas - r A (moldm -3 s -1 ). The data below shows the fractional conversion (x) with the rate of reaction - r A (moldm -3 s -1 ). X 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85 0.90 - r A (moldm -3 s -1 ) 0.00530 0.00520 0.00500 0.00450 0.00400 0.00330 0.00250 0.00180 0.00125 0.00100 0.00090 Dua reaktor diatur secara bersiri. Reaktor pertama adalah reaktor palam dan reaktor kedua adalah reaktor tanki pengacauan berterusan (CSTR). Tahap penukaran dalam reaktor pertama ialah 60% dan penukaran mencapai 90% selepas keluar dari reaktor kedua. Diberi aliran suapan molar, F A0 ialah 0.80 mols -1. Two reactors are arranged in series. The first reactor is a plug flow reactor and the second reactor is continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The rate of conversion in the first reactor is 60% and the conversion reaches 90% after leaving the second reactor. The volumetric feed F A0 is 0.80 mols -1. Hitungkan isipadu reaktor pertama dan kedua. Calculate the volume of the first and second reactor. (7 markah/marks) 3/9
Jika susunan reaktor diterbalikkan dimana reaktor pertama ialah CSTR dan diikuti dengan reactor palam, hitungkan isipadu kedua-dua reaktor. If the sequence of reactor is reversed where the first reactor is CSTR and followed by plug flow reactor, calculate the volume of both reactors. Terangkan prestasi reaktor dalam dan di atas. Explain the performance of the reactors in and above. (7 markah/marks) 3. (a) Terangkan beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan reaktor mampatan padatan dasar dan reaktor tanki pengacauan berterusan (CSTR). Explain the advantages and disadvantages of packed bed reactor and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). (b) Tindak balas penghidrogenan metil dodekanoat dijalankan di dalam reaktor lelehan dasar dengan menggunakan 50 cm 3 ekstrudat 5wt% Cu-10wt% Zn/Al 2 O 3 mangkin pada suhu tindak balas 150 C, tekanan hidrogen pada 100 bar dengan halaju superfisial cecair pada 1.0 cms -1 dan kelajuan graviti bumi ialah 9.81 ms -2. Methyl dodecanoate hydrogenation is performed in a trickle bed reactor using 50 cm 3 of extrudate 5wt% Cu-10wt% Zn/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at reaction temperature of 150 C, hydrogen pressure at 100 bar with liquid superficial velocity of 1.0 cms -1 and earth gravity speed at 9.81 ms -2. Lukis skematik diagram bagi kenaikan arus bersama reaktor lelehan dasar. Draw a schematic diagram of co-current upward trickle bed reactor. Hitungkan kadar aliran metil dodekanoat di dalam tiub reaktor apabila garis pusat dalaman adalah 90 mm. Calculate the flow rate of methyl dodecanoate in the reactor tube when the internal diameter is 90 mm. 4/9
Hitungkan purata masa residen apabila panjang tiub reaktor ialah 500 cm. Calculate the mean residence time when the reactor tube is 500 cm long. (iv) Apakah perbezaan di antara halaju perjam superfisial gas (GHSV) dan halaju perjam superfisial cecair (LHSV). What is the difference between Gas Hourly Superficial Velocity GHSV) and Liquid Hourly Superficial Velocity (LHSV). 5/9
BAHAGIAN B (50 MARKAH) SECTION B (50 MARKS) Jawab SEMUA soalan. Answer ALL questions. 4. (a) Terangkan ciri-ciri utama aliran lamina dan aliran gelora dalam paip. Explain the main features of laminar and turbulent flow in pipe. (b) Minyak kelapa sawit yang mempunyai kelikatan 4 cst dan ketumpatan 1000 kg/m 3, mengalir pada kadar alir isipadu 0.01 m 3 /s di dalam paip keluli berdiameter 50 mm. Hitungkan: Palm oil which having a viscosity of 4 cst and a density of 1000 kg/m 3, flows at a volumetric flowrate of 0.01 m 3 /s in a stainless pipe of diameter of 50 mm. Calculate: Had laju aliran. Velocity of the flow. Kadar alir jisim minyak kelapa sawit pada keadaan steady state. Mass flow rate of the palm oil at steady state condition. (c) Tindak balas yang berikut berlaku di dalam sebuah reaktor berterusan pada keadaan mantap. Kadar aliran molar arus suapan adalah 100 kgmol jam -1 dan arus hasilan adalah 140 kg-mol jam -1. The following reactions take place in a continuous flow reactor at steady state. The molar flow rate of the feed stream is 100 kg-mol h -1 and that of the product stream is 140 kg-mol h -1. C 2 H 6 C 2 H 4 + H 2 C 2 H 6 + H 2 2 CH 4 Komposisi (mol%) bagi gas-gas tersebut adalah diberi di bawah: The composition (mol%) of the gases is given below: 6/9
Suapan / Feed C 2 H 6 85% Bahan lengai / Inerts 15% Hasil / Product C 2 H 6 20.3% C 2 H 4 48.6% H 2 16.8% CH 4 3.6% Bahan lengai / Inerts 10.7% Hitung tiap-tiap dibawah: Calculate each of the following: Pecahan penukaran etana. The fractional conversion of ethane. Hasil etilena berasaskan kepada suapan dan bahan tindak balas yang digunakan. The yields of ethylene based on feed and reactant consumption. (5 markah/marks) Keterpilihan etilena berbanding dengan metana. The selectivity of ethylene relative to methane. (d) C 3 H 6 + NH 3 + 3 2 O 2 C 3 H 3 N + 3H 2 O Akrilonitril dihasilkan dengan tindakbalas propilena, ammonia dan oksigen. Suapan itu mengandungi 10 mol% propilena, 12% ammonia dan 78% udara. Acrylonitrile is produced by the reaction of propylene, ammonia, and oxygen. The feed contains 10 mol% propylene, 12% ammonia dan 78% air. 7/9
Apakah bahan tindak balas penghad? Berapa peratuskah setiap bahan yang lain dalam keadaan berlebihan? Which reactant is limiting? By what percentage are each of the others in excess? Hitungkan kg-mol C 3 H 3 N yang dihasilkan per kg-mol suapan NH 3 bagi penukaran 30% bahan tindak terhad. Calculate the kg-mols of C 3 H 3 N produced per kg-mol of NH 3 fed for a 30% conversion of the limiting reactant. 5. (a) Bagaimanakah pemindahan jisim berbeza daripada aliran bendalir pukal? How does mass transfer differ from bulk fluid flow? (b) Berikan contoh bagi pemindahan jisim untuk: Give examples of mass transfer for: (iv) Cecair-kepada-gas Liquid-to-gas Pepejal-kepada-cecair Solid-to-liquid Pepejal-kepada-gas Solid-to-gas Gas-kepada-cecair Gas-to-liquid (c) Bebola kuprum dengan diameter 10 cm dipanaskan daripada suhu 100 C kepada purata suhu 150 C dalam masa 30 minit. Mengambil kira ketumpatan purata dan haba tentu bagi kuprum dalam julat suhu ini 8/9
adalah masing-masing ρ = 8950 kg/m 3 Tentukan: SCES3140 dan c p = 0.395 kj/kg C. A 10 cm diameter copper ball is to be heated from 100 C to an average temperature of 150 C in 30 minutes. Taking the average density and specific heat of copper in this temperature range to be ρ = 8950 kg/m 3 and c p = 0.395 kj/kg C, respectively. Determine: Jumlah pemindahan haba ke bebola kuprum. The total amount of heat transfer to the copper ball. Kadar purata pemindahan haba ke bebola tersebut. The average rate of heat transfer to the ball. Purata fluks haba. The average heat flux. (d) Satu bilik sejuk telah dibina dengan menggunakan 12.7 mm kayu pine pada bahagian lapisan dalam, 101.6 mm papan kok pada bahagian lapisan tengah, dan 76.2 mm konkrit pada bahagian lapisan luar. Dinding permukaan dalam bilik sejuk adalah 255.4 K manakala permukaan luar konkrit adalah 297.1 K. Hitung kehilangan haba dalam unit W untuk 1 m 2, dan suhu diantara lapisan kayu dan papan kok. (Diberi: Konduktiviti terma untuk kayu pine, k p =0.151 W/mK; untuk papan kok, k cb =0.04333 W/mK; untuk konkrit, k c = 0.762 W/mK). A cold-storage room is constructed of an inner layer of 12.7 mm of pine, a middle layer of 101.6 mm of cork board and an outer layer of 76.2 mm of concrete. The wall surface temperature is 255.4 K inside the cold room and 297.1 K at the outside surface of the concrete. Calculate the heat loss in W for 1 m 2 and the temperature at the interface between the wood and cork board. (Given : Thermal conductivities; for pine, k p = 0.151 W/mK; for cork board, k cb = 0.04333 W/mK; for concrete, k c = 0.762 W/mK). (10 markah/marks) TAMAT END 9/9