A New Protein Replacement for Soybean Meal What is Canola Meal? Conventional Canola 0 PROTEIN CONTENT Soybean 0 6% 5 Some Key Features of Dow Canola Meal Soybean 10 20 Conventional Canola For turkey producers, Advanced Canola Meal offers immediate cost savings without sacrificing animal performance by providing protein levels comparable to soybean meal with high levels of energy and digestible amino acids. is produced from new high protein canola seed created through traditional plant breeding which has the same high oil content as conventional canola. The key difference between canola and conventional canola is higher protein, greater digestibility and lower fiber content. The protein content of the meal is approximately 44 percent. It is closer in protein content to soybean meal 20 50 19% 47% 44% (47 percent) than to conventional canola meal 40 37% 15 (37 percent). As such, can most effectively 14% be utilized as a high inclusion level, cost effective, 30 10 replacement for soybean meal in turkey diets. ADF CONTENT Protein and Amino Acids 2400 1500 500 0 Soybean 1000 Conventional Canola 2000 ENERGY 1.3% 1.2 1.05% 0.9.65% 0.6 0.3 0.0 Conventional Canola 2500 Soybean 2500 1.5 2800 3000 offers a higher level of protein content than conventional canola meal, ranging from 43 to 46 percent, with an average protein level of 44 percent as fed basis with 89 percent dry matter. The amino acid content of is higher than conventional canola meal but with the same overall amino acid balance. In other words, the content of amino acids as a percentage of protein does not change. For example, lysine content is 5.6 percent of crude protein in both conventional canola meal and. is a good source of methionine plus cysteine compared to soybean meal. The digestibility (TAAA) of amino acids in is slightly PHOSPHORUS CONTENT
higher than in conventional canola meal. This is mainly related to the lower fiber content and perhaps reduced tannin content compared to conventional canola meal. Fiber and Energy offers much lower fiber levels compared to conventional canola meal. This is reflected in both the ADF and NDF fiber fractions. The main compositional change is much lower levels of lignin and polyphenols in compared to conventional canola meal. also offers slightly lower levels of cellulose, hemicellulose and tannins compared to conventional canola meal. The decrease in fiber levels and its replacement by extra protein results in higher energy content for compared to conventional canola meal. offers approximately 10 percent higher poultry true metabolizable energy (TME) content than traditional canola meal, placing it midway between conventional canola meal and soybean meal. Phosphorus The total phosphorus content of is approximately 15 percent higher than conventional canola meal, and the increase in phosphorus maintains the same phytate to nonphytate phosphorus level as conventional canola meal. Practical Use of Canola Meal in Turkey Feeds Turkey producers are constantly looking for alternatives to using high levels of soybean meal for both cost and practical feeding considerations. The protein and amino acid requirements of turkeys are relatively high compared to other animals. As well, soybean meal does possess some antigenic proteins which have been shown to cause digestive upsets in turkeys when used at high inclusion levels. Given the high protein content of, there are beneficial opportunities to use it in turkey diets as a soybean meal replacement. Two turkey growth and performance studies using canola meal have been conducted at the University of Minnesota under the direction of Dr. Sally Noll. The first was a preliminary starter study with poults from day 3 to 19 of age. The second was a large scale barn study from the day old poult stage up to 18 weeks of age (market weight).
Starting Turkey Poult Diets The results of the starting poult study suggests feeding up to 24 percent inclusion (the highest levels tested) had no impact on feed intake, growth rate or feed conversion efficiency or mortality. The second study yielded similar results, suggesting inclusion in the starter diets at up to 24 percent for the first six weeks of age had no negative effects on performance. Turkey Grower-Finisher Diets The grower/finisher study was conducted from weeks 9 to 18 of age using the same birds as in the starter study (0 to 6 weeks of age). From 6 to 9 weeks of age, the birds were fed a common diet then redistributed to start the grower/finisher study. In the grower/finisher study, two levels of were tested: 10 and 20 percent. Higher levels could likely be fed but these inclusion levels were believed to represent most likely levels in commercial turkey feeds. The results show no difference in performance or carcass quality with feeding. General recommendations As with any change in feed ingredients, balancing the diets is critically important. Growers should pay close attention to levels of digestible amino acids and phytate phosphorus when using as a replacement for soybean meal and ensure there are adequate and balanced levels of digestible amino acids without overfeeding crude protein. Use a phytase enzyme in the diets. Even with phytase enzyme the P bioavailability coefficient in will be less than that of soybean meal. Pay close attention to overall mineral balance, especially levels of calcium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur. meal has glucosinolate levels well below the thresholds that would cause feed intake problems, even at very high dietary inclusion levels. Economics of Using of Canola Meal in Turkey Feeds Advanced Canola Meal offers cost savings by delivering lower ration costs along with comparable levels of protein and digestible amino acids to soybean meal. Using a least cost feed formulation, with a variety of feed ingredient pricing scenarios and in a variety of turkey feeds, the opportunity price (shadow price) of is less than that of soybean meal, resulting in significant feed cost savings when is used, especially at high inclusion rates.
Nutrient composition of conventional canola meal, canola meal and soybean meal. Nutrient or component, as is Canola Meal Meal Soybean Meal Dry matter, % 89 89 89 Crude protein, % 37 44 47 Crude oil, % 3.0 3.0 1.4 Linoleic acid, % 0.6 0.5 0.7 Crude fibre, % 11.5 9.0 3.4 Ash, % 7 7.5 6 Calcium, % 0.62 0.62 0.30 Total phosphorus, % 1.06 1.25 0.60 Phytate phosphorus, % 0.75 0.90 0.39 Phytic Acid,% 2.7 3.2 1.4 Non-phytate phosphorus, % 0.31 0.35 0.21 Salt, % 0.10 0.10 0.05 Sodium, % 0.10 0.10 0.02 Chlorine, % 0.05 0.05 0.05 Potassium, % 1.20 1.30 2.10 Sulfur, % 0.83 0.83 0.40 Swine DE, kcal/kg 3100 3300 3685 Swine ME, kcal/kg 2900 3100 3380 Swine NE, kcal/kg 1750 1850 2020 ADF, % 19 14 5 NDF, % 25 19 9 Lignin and polyphenols, % 7 4 2 Starch 0.3 0.3 0.5 Sugars 8 7 9 Sucrose 6 5.5 7.5 Fructose + glucose 0.5 0.8 1.0 Cellulose 5.5 5 5 Oligosaccharides 3.0 2.9 12 Soluble NSP s 5 5 8 Insoluble NSP s 13 12 12 Tannins, 1.5 0.5 0 Sinapine 1.0 1.0 0 Glucosinolates 8 8 0 Amino Acids: Total, % (SID* coeff., %) Lysine 2.07 (78) 2.46 (81) 3.02 (90) Methionine 0.74 (87) 0.88 (87) 0.67 (91) Cysteine 0.89 (83) 1.06 (83) 0.74 (87) Threonine 1.52 (78) 1.80 (79) 1.85 (87) Tryptophan 0.48 (75) 0.57 (76) 0.65 (90) Arginine 2.15 (88) 2.55 (88) 3.48 (94) Histidine 1.15 (85) 1.36 (86) 1.28 (91) Isoleucine 1.48 (78) 1.76 (78) 2.16 (89) Leucine 2.59 (81) 3.08 (81) 3.66 (89) Valine 1.92 (78) 2.29 (79) 2.27 (88) Phenylalanine 1.41 (83) 1.67 (83) 2.39 (89) Tyrosine 1.07 (83) 1.28 (83) 1.82 (90) * TAAA. Poultry True Amino Acid Availability
Appendix 1. Turkey trials at the University of Minnesota feeding canola meal. A starting turkey poult study using male Hybrid Converter birds from 3-19 days of age was conducted at the University of Minnesota. The results are shown in Table 2. Table 2. PP and CM in turkey poult diets at U of Minnesota, Day 3-19 of age. Item Control CM Regular CM 8 16 24 8 16 24 Ingredients, % Corn 41 41 40 38 39 37 34 Soybean Meal 46 48 40 32 26 41 34 29 Poultry Byprod Meal 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Meal - 8 16 24 - - - Canola Meal - - - - 8 16 24 Choice White Grease 2.1 2.5 2.9 3.5 3.0 3.9 5.0 Nutrients CP, % 28.4 28.4 28.4 28.8 28.4 28.4 28.8 ME, kcal/kg 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 Fat, % 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.3 5.6 7.0 7.5 Avail Lys, % 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 Avail Met + Cys, % 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 Avail Thr, % 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 Results BW day 12, g 316 314 319 326 318 317 315 BW day 19, g 630 616 624 642 629 628 621 ADG day 3-19, g 33.2 32.4 32.9 33.9 33.1 33.1 32.7 ADFI day 3-19, g 40.9 39.4 40.6 40.9 40.6 39.6 40.5 Feed/Gain day 3-19 1.24 1.23 1.24 1.20 1.23 1.20 1.24 Mortality/Removals, % 2.1 4.2 6.3 0 2.1 4.2 0 The results support the feeding of PP and CM at up to 24 percent inclusion level in turkey poult diets. A full grower finisher study feeding meal fed to male Hybrid Converter turkeys was conducted and the results are shown in Tables 3-5. For the first 6 weeks, birds were fed diets containing 12 percent or 24 percent and Canola Meal to evaluate performance in the starter phase. The birds were then put on an acclimation diet and then reshuffled into pens for the start of the grower/finisher stage from weeks 9 to 18 (market weight). Two levels of and Canola Meal were tested in this stage: 10 percent and 20 percent.
Table 3. PP and CM in turkey diets at U of Minnesota. Starter trial 0 6 weeks Item 0-3 weeks 3-6 weeks CM CM Ctrl 12 24 12 24 Ctrl 12 24 12 24 Ingredients, % Corn 40 39 37 36 32 48 47 44 44 38 Soybean Meal 46 48 37 26 39 30 41 30 20 31 24 Poultry Byprod Meal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Meal - 12 24 - - - 12 24 - - Canola Meal - - - 12 24 - - - 12 24 Choice White Grease 2.4 3.0 3.8 3.8 5.3 2.4 3.0 4.0 3.8 5.5 Nutrients CP, % 28.5 28.5 28.8 28.3 28.3 25.5 25.6 26.3 25.4 25.8 ME, kcal/kg 2875 2875 2875 2875 2875 2950 2950 2950 2950 2950 Avail Lys, % 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.49 Avail Met + Cys, % 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 Avail Thr, % 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.88 Results Ending BW, kg 0.633 0.635 0.613 0.650 0.620 2.36ab 2.17c 2.29b 2.39a 2.32ab ADFI, g 39.3ab 39.4ab 38.1b 40.4a 37.7b 149.5a 135.1c 142.4b 147.8ab 148.4a ADG, g 27.2 27.3 26.2 28.0 26.6 86.4a 76.8b 83.8a 86.8a 85.0a Feed/Gain 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.44 1.42 1.71 1.77 1.70 1.71 1.75 Mortality/Removal,% 1.7 1.1 2.8 0.6 1.2 0.6 4.4 0 0 3.9
Table 4. PP and CM in turkey diets at U of Minnesota. Grower trial 9 15 weeks Item 9-12 weeks 12-15 weeks CM CM Ctrl 10 20 10 20 Ctrl 10 20 10 20 Ingredients, % Corn 60 57 54 54 48 70 67 64 64 58 Soybean Meal 46 30 22 14 24 19 20 12 5 15 10 Poultry Byprod Meal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Meal - 10 20 - - - 10 20 - - Canola Meal - - - 10 20 - - - 10 20 Choice White Grease 3.2 4.0 4.8 4.8 6.4 2.6 3.4 4.3 4.2 5.9 Nutrients CP, % 21.1 21.7 22.2 21.6 22.1 17.6 18.1 18.7 18.1 18.7 ME, kcal/kg 3125 3125 3125 3125 3125 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 Avail Lys, % 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 Avail Met + Cys, % 0.79 0.81 0.87 0.79 0.80 0.68 0.70 0.77 0.68 0.70 Avail Thr, % 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.60 Results Starting BW, kg 5.51 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 Ending BW, kg 9.15 9.08 9.10 9.09 9.09 12.84 12.77 12.97 12.91 13.00 ADFI, g 420 414 415 416 416 574 565 569 572 578 ADG, g 182 179 180 180 179 176 177 184 182 187 Feed/Gain 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.32 2.33 3.28 3.21 3.10 3.14 3.10 Mortality/Removal,% 2.7 1.8 1.8 0 0 2.7 1.8 0.9 1.8 0.9
Table 5. PP and CM in turkey diets at University of Minnesota. Grower trial 15 18 weeks Item 15-18 weeks Ctrl 10 20 10 20 Ingredients, % Corn 71 70 67 66 60 Soybean Meal 46 19 9 1 12 7 Poultry Byprod Meal 4 4 4 4 4 Meal - 10 20 - - Canola Meal - - - 10 20 Choice White Grease 3.6 4.2 5.1 5.2 6.7 Nutrients CP, % 16.7 16.7 17.3 17.0 17.3 ME, kcal/kg 3275 3275 3275 3275 3275 Avail Lys, % 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89 Avail Met + Cys, % 0.66 0.66 0.71 0.66 0.66 Avail Thr, % 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 Results Ending BW, kg 17.42b 17.29b 17.46b 17.48b 17.74a ADFI, g 678 673 678 674 698 ADG, g 242 237 237 241 247 Feed/Gain 2.81 2.85 2.87 2.80 2.83 ADFI, 9-18, g 553 547 551 551 559 ADG, 9-18, g 198b 197b 199b 200ab 204a Feed/Gain, 9-18 2.80 2.79 2.77 2.78 2.76 Chilled carcass wt, kg 13.24 12.99 13.23 13.39 13.45 Breast yield, % carcass 28.5 28.3 28.4 28.4 28.8 Mortality/Removal, % 1.8 0.9 1.8 2.7 4.5 The results support the use of up to 24 percent and Canola Meal in the starter phase and up to 20 percent and Canola Meal in the grower/finisher phases of turkey production with no negative effects on performance. The potential feed cost savings from using in turkey diets can be estimated by putting user specific ingredient prices into the above tables. CM