Lab 5: Cell Respiration Multiple Choice Questions 1. Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free-energy change) can occur because the reactions (A) may be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP (B) take place very slowly (C) take place when the cells are at unusually high temperatures (D) are catalyzed by enzymes (E) are aided by various metal ions that act as catalysts (1994.#66) 2. Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is (A) necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation (B) necessary to replenish glycogen levels. (C) necessary for fermentation to take place (D) required by all living organisms (E) required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles (1999 #16) 3. In a mesophyll II cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? I. Ribosomes II. Mitochondria III. Chloroplasts (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) II and III only (E) I,II, and III (1999 #18) 4. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of (A) potassium against a concentration gradient (B) protons down a concentration gradient (C) electrons against a concentration gradient (D) electrons through a channel (E) sodium ions into the cell (1999 # 41)
5. Which of the following pathways for the transformation of cellular energy most likely evolved first? (A) Cyclic photophosphorylation (B) Citric acid (Krebs) cycle (C) Calvin cycle (D) C4 photosynthesis (E) Glycolysis (1999 # 49) Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than once or, not at all in each group. Questions 6-10 (A) Glycolysis (B) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) (C) Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions of photosynthesis (D) Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis (E) Chemiosmosis 6. Process in which O 2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions. (1999 #82) 7. Process in which CO 2 is released as a by-product of oxidation-reduction reactions. (1999 #83) 8. Process in which carbon from CO 2 is incorporated into organic molecules (1999 #84) 9. Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration (1999 #85) 10. Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid (1999 #86)
Questions 54-56 Refer to the graph above 11. The fact that each line on the graph rises from left to right means that (A) higher temperatures produce higher rates of metabolism (B) there were more large fish in the samples taken at high temperatures (C) larger fish consume more oxygen than smaller fish at all four temperatures (D) when measurements are taken for larger fish late in the day, observed values are higher (E) larger fish prefer to live at higher temperatures than do smaller fish (1994.#96) 12. The best explanation for the fact that not all points lie on any given line is that (A) the thermometer was incorrectly calibrated (B) the scale used to weigh the fish registered 0.001 kg too little (C) the fish grew during the course of the experiment (D) errors were made in plotting the data (E) organisms within populations show variability (1994.#97)
13. Which of the following is NOT a likely explanation for the observed results? (A) rates of fermentation are higher at 25 degrees Celsius than at 10 degrees Celsius (B) enzymes are affected by temperature (C) larger fish have higher respiratory-oxygen needs than do smaller fish (D) electron transport occurs more rapidly at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures (E) rate of oxygen consumption increases with temperature in this species of fish over this temperature range (1994.#98) Questions 14-15 Frogs of three different species are weighed and the amount of oxygen consumed by each species is determined by placing them in a respirometer for 1 hour. The results of this experiment are listed below. Total Cubic Average Centimeters of Oxygen Species Weight in grams Consumed in 1 hour 1 15 0.75 2 11 0.55 3 21 1.05 14. From the information in the table, it is most reasonable to conclude that (A) since all frogs respire through their skin, smaller frogs with smaller surface areas will consume less oxygen per gram of body weight than larger frogs with larger surface areas (B) frogs placed in a warm environment will respire more rapidly than frogs placed in a colder environment (C) each species of frog has its own unique rate of respiration (D) the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight for each species is the same (E) the amount of oxygen consumed per gram of body weight by the largest frog is almost twice that by the smaller frog (1990 #101)
15. If each frog doubles its rate of oxygen consumption in 1 hour after an injection of thyroxine, it would be most reasonable to conclude that thyroxine (A) acts as a general stimulus to respiratory metabolism (B) stimulates the release of hormone from the pituitary (C) doubles the amount of hormone released by the thyroid gland in each species (D) doubles the rate of breathing by doubling the rate of contraction of the diaphragm muscle (E) increases the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane to oxygen (1990 #102)