Taste Alexis, Emma, Maureen
There will be essential vocabulary throughout the presentation. We will define them then.
Anatomy 3 Cranial Nerves Facial Glossopharyngeal* Vagus Tongue Brain Papillae Tastebuds Gustatory complex
Anatomy Continued Papillae Circumvallate: largest Foliate: studded with taste buds Fungiform: located on the tip and sides Taste buds Different taste buds have different functions Type I: surround other taste buds Type II: taste sweet and bitter Type III: work directly with nervous system
Physiology Peripheral Pathway Stimulus: Food on tongue Receptors: Taste Buds on the dorsal surface of the tongue, pharynx, and upper part of the esophagus Chemicals from food bind to the receptor taste buds, depolarization occurs resulting in an action potential Afferent neurons: Chorda tympani/cranial nerve VII (facial) carries the sensory input from the anterior 2/3s of the tongue Glossopharyngeal nerve/cranial nerve IX and Vagus nerve/cranial nerve X carries the sensory input from the throat, palate (roof of mouth), and posterior tongue
Physiology Cont. Central Pathway Nerve fibers travel to the gustatory nucleus (cluster of sensory nuclei) of the Medulla VPM (ventral posteromedial nucleus) of the thalamus Insula Gustatory cortex: perception of taste Hypothalamus and Amygdala can influence appetite and homeostatic responses
How Smell Interacts With Taste Ability to detect 20,000 odors in 10 different intensities(groups according to strength of odor) Only 5 primary tastes can be detected Odors are detected through the retronasal route when chewing food If you cannot smell, the ability for taste sensations lower No smell-no taste Physiology: Odor molecules in the air (odorants) are detected by sensory neurons in the mucous membrane lining on the roof of the nose. The smell sensation is passed through afferent neurons to the olfactory bulbs on the brain. The smell sensation is then passed to the olfactory cortex where the combination of odor and taste helps create the perception of flavor.
5 Sensations of Taste Sweetness: Foods that are rich in sugars Sourness: Recognized by the detection of acidity Saltiness: Recognized by the detection of sodium Bitterness: Often perceived as a sharp or unpleasant taste Umami: A sensation that is described as being meaty or very savory
5 Sensations of Taste https://www.google.com/search?q=what%20part%20of%20the%20tongue%20has%20taste%20buds%20for%20each%20taste&biw =1366&bih=622&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiclZq7o8fSAhUm9YMKHQo1AEkQ_AUIBigB&safe=active&ssui=on#img rc=pkkywoj3ykdprm:
Guess what, itś a myth! All tastebuds are the same, so the 5 taste sensations can be tasted everywhere on the tongue.
Homeostatic Imbalances Hypogeusia: partial loss of sense of taste Causes: damage to the anatomy of taste, loss of smell, aging, smoking Symptoms: not being able to taste the differences between the 5 sensations of taste, changes in sense of smell, not eating normally Treatment: Experimental,depends on what caused it directly, possible surgery to take out a salivary gland Burnt tongue Cause: eating or drinking something that is hot Symptoms: burning sensation, metallic or bitter taste Treatment: can heal without in two weeks, drinking cold water
Work Cited Purves, Dale. "The Organization of the Taste System."Neuroscience. 2nd Edition. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. "Umami: The 5th Taste." Umami: The 5th Taste. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. "Taste System Anatomy." Overview, Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy. N.p., 28 Oct. 2016. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. "Neural Pathways of Smell, Taste, and Touch." Explorable - Think Outside The Box - Research, Experiments, Psychology, Self-Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. "Problems with Taste." NIHSeniorHealth: Problems with Taste - Symptoms and Diagnosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Anna Giorgi and Valencia HigueraMedically Reviewed by. "Tongue Burn." Healthline. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. "Taste and Smell." BrainFacts.org. N.p., 1 Apr. 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2017. "Physiology of Taste." Physiology of Taste. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2017.