SPRING 2018 POSTGRADUATE DENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME January 20 th, February 17 th, March 24 th, April 21 st, May 12 th
Welcome address from Dean Dr. John Marley BSc(Hons) BDS, PhD, FDSRCS(OS), FFDRCSI Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, RCSI Dear Colleagues, The FacuIty of Dentistry, RCSI postgraduate lecture programme is now in its ninth year. At the Faculty we consider our commitment to postgraduate education as one of the pillars of what we do; both through these programmes but also taught courses and our ongoing development of online resources and connectivity with our members and fellows. So please keep an eye out for these in the near future. In turn, I think it is vitally important that we continue to listen to our membership, so we can continually improve what we do as a Faculty and so we invite you all to feedback to us through our new linked system for CPD. The purpose of the programme is to provide a learning opportunity for dentists and their team members away from the bustle of dental practice, who wish to update their knowledge on the current concepts relative to general dental practice and also for those who are actively pursuing additional postgraduate qualifications. You will also have an opportunity to meet old friends and make new ones. Our speakers are all experts in their chosen areas and have been carefully selected to provide you with what you need in your continuing development journey. You will be familiar with some of these speakers but the Faculty also actively encourages more recently qualified colleagues, who may be less well known but equally talented, to present topics of relevance. After each lecture there is an opportunity to ask questions. I hope you enjoy the programme and any suggestions you have for improvements or future topics are always welcome. Dr. John Marley Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, RCSI
Postgraduate Dental Education Programme Spring/Summer 2018 Date: January 20 th Venue: Albert Lecture Theatre Time Title Speaker 8.00 Registration 8.25 Opening Remarks by the Chair, Dr. John Marley (Dean) 8.30-9.10 9.20-10.00 10.10-10.50 11.00-11.15 Coffee 11.15-11.55 12.05-12.45 12.55 Close Non Surgical Facial Aesthetic Intervention. Benefits and Pitfalls (2.5)* Emergency Management of the Traumatized Anterior Tooth (2.1)* Emergency Management of Dentoalveolar Trauma (2.5)* Augmentation Prior to Prosthetic Treatment (2.3)* Removable Prosthodontics in the Aesthetic Zone (2.3)* Mr. Odhran Shelley Dr. Pat Cleary Dr. Kate Farrell Dr. Paul Quinlan Dr. Edward Cotter *refers to the corresponding relevant section of the MFD Syllabus. Please see appendix for details. Speakers Biographies Mr. Odhran Shelley Mr. Odhran Shelley graduated in medicine from the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland in 1993, and completed his fellowship in Surgery in Dublin in 1997. He subsequently trained in Plastic Surgery at Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit in Glasgow. He also worked at the Brigham and Women s Hospital and HarvardMedicalSchool in Boston and received the Mannick research award in 2000 for research on interactions between innate and adaptive immunity following injury.he completed his training in plastic surgery at Canniesburn plastic surgery unit in Glasgow and London undertaking fellowships in burns, breast and microsurgery, and aesthetic surgery and was awarded scholarships to plastic surgery units in Slovenia and Belgium. He was appointed as a consultant plastic surgeon at St Andrews Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Chelmsford, UK in 2006 and subsequently became its Clinical Director. He was appointed Director of the national burns unit in Dublin in 2011 and is the clinical lead in plastic surgery at St James s Hospital. Dr. Patrick Cleary Dr. Cleary graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1981 with BDentSc. Dr. Cleary runs a practice limited to endodontics in Booterstown. Dr. Cleary is a Fellow of the International College of Dentists, Fellow of the American College of Dentists and Fellow of the Faculty of Dentistry RCSI. He has presented at National and International meetings. Dr. Kate Farrell Dr. Kate Farrell graduated from Trinity College in 2008 and worked as a Junior House Officer (JHO) and Senior House Officer (SHO) in oral surgery the following two years. Dr. Farrell was based at St. James s Hospital Dublin as Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Registrar from 2010-2012 and Specialist Registrar in Oral Surgery at Dublin Dental University Hospital from 2012-2015. Dr. Farrell completed her MFD in 2010, FFD OSOM in 2012 and FFD OS in 2015. She currently works in St. James s Hospital Dublin and Our Lady s Children s Hospital Crumlin as Maxillofacial Reg. Dr. Paul Quinlan Dr. Quinlan qualified from the Dublin Dental School 1991. He completed an MSc in Periodontology at the Eastman Dental School, London, in 1993. In 1996 he was awarded FDSRCPS (Glas) and he also received a Fulbright Scholarship for study in the USA. He completed the Periodontal and Prosthodontic training programmes in San Antonio, Texas in 2001. He is currently in specialist practice limited to Prosthodontics and Periodontics in Dublin. He is a Diplomate of the American Boards of Periodontology and Prosthodontics. He is a Fellow of the ITI. He has lectured in Ireland, the UK and Internationally. He was awarded FFDRCSI (ad eundem) in 2016. Dr. Edward Cotter Dr. Edward Cotter graduated in Dentistry from Trinity College, Dublin. He received his Graduate training in Prosthodontics at the University of Iowa. He received his training in Maxillofacial Prosthetics and Dental Oncology at MD Anderson Cancer Centre in Houston, Texas. Dr. Cotter is in Practice limited to Prosthodontics, Maxillofacial Prosthetics and Dental Oncology in Dublin.
Postgraduate Dental Education Programme Spring/Summer 2018 Date: February 17 th Venue: Albert Lecture Theatre Time Title Speaker 8.00 Registration 8.25 Opening Remarks by the Chair, Dr. John Marley (Dean) 8.30-9.10 Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (1.1)* Dr. Julian Leggett 9.20-10.00 10.10-10.50 11.00-11.15 Coffee 11.15-11.55 New Techniques in Prosthodontics (2.3)* Mandibular Anaesthesia Techniques and Applied Anatomy (1.1.3)* Contemporary Aspects of Adult Orthodontics (2.4)* Dr. Edward Owens Dr. Dermot Canavan Dr. Tom Houlihan 12.05-12.45 Simplified Canal Shaping (2.1)* Dr. Frank Gallagher 12.55 Close *refers to the corresponding relevant section of the MFD Syllabus. Please see appendix for details. Speakers Biographies Dr. Julian Leggett Dr. Leggett is a consultant in Sleep and Respiratory Medicine at Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. He has 10 years experience as a consultant in Sleep disordered breathing in Northern Ireland. Dr. Leggett completed a Fellowship in sleep disordered breathing in New South Wales, Australia prior to Consultant appointment. He is one of two Consultants who currently lead the Regional sleep disorders service in Northern Ireland. Dr. Edward Owens Dr. Edward Owens is the Director of the Beacon Dental Clinic and is a clinical specialist in Prosthodontics (Restorative) and Implant Dentistry. He has been a qualified Prosthodontist following specialist certification in 1994. As a founder member of the Irish Sleep Society he has been involved in the area of Dental Sleep Medicine for over a decade. Dr. Dermot Canavan Dr. Dermot Canavan is a lecturer in orofacial pain management in Dublin Dental School and Hospital and honorary clinical fellow at the orofacial pain clinic in Kings College Dental School Denmark Hill London. Dr. Tom Houlihan Dr. Tom Houlihan graduated from Trinity College Dublin in 1988. After 20 yrs in general practice, in 2008 he went to Seattle, Washington, USA where he completed his specialist training in Orthodontics at the University of Washington, obtaining his MSD in 2011. Tom joined the Burlington Dental Clinic group on his return from the USA and has established his Specialist Orthodontic practice at their facility in the Hermitage Medical Clinic in Dublin. He operates at The Hermitage Medical Clinic and Burlington Road in Ballsbridge. He is a member of the Orthodontic Society of Ireland, the American Association of Orthodontics and the Irish Dental Association. Tom has also, in the past, been active in the Irish Dental Association serving on various committees including the IDA council. He served as Chairman of the General Practitioners Group. He also spent several years as an adjunct faculty member at the Dublin Dental Hospital. Dr. Frank Gallagher Dr. Gallagher qualified from Dublin Dental Hospital in 1991. He worked in General Dental Practice in the UK from 1992 to 1996. He completed a Masters in Endodontics at the Eastman Dental Institute in London in 1997 and was awarded FDS from Royal College of Surgeons In Ireland in 1998. Since 1997 Dr. Gallagher has worked in Practice Limited to Endodontics, initially in London until 2001 when he returned to Ireland to work in Co. Kildare Dr. Gallagher works one day per week in the Dublin Dental Hospital as a clinical supervisor to the undergraduate students. He has been an active member of the Irish Endodontic Society since 2001.
Postgraduate Dental Education Programme Spring/Summer 2018 Speakers Biographies Date: March 24 th Venue: Albert Lecture Theatre Time Title Speaker 8.00 Registration 8.25 Opening Remarks by the Chair, Dr. John Marley (Dean) 8.30-9.10 TB - The Next Wave (1.2)* Dr. Cecila O Kane 9.20-10.00 A Working Life in Oral Medicine (1.2)* Dr. John Hamburger 10.10-10.50 11.00-11.15 Coffee 11.15-11.55 12.05-12.45 12.55 Close Practical Aspects of Special Care Dentistry (1.3)* Replacing the Missing Anterior Single Tooth (2.3)* Implants in the Aesthetic Zone (2.3 & 2.5)* Dr. Alison Dougall Dr. Donal Blackwell Dr. Ioannis Polyzois *refers to the corresponding relevant section of the MFD Syllabus. Please see appendix for details. Dr. Cecila O Kane Dr. Cecila O Kane is a senior Clinical Lecturer at the School of MDBS, Researcher in Centre for Experimental Medicine/ Institute for Health Sciences at Queens University Belfast. Dr. John Hamburger Mr. John Hamburger qualified in Dentistry in 1976. After completing an MSc in Immunology he joined the department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine at the University of Birmingham School Of Dentistry as a lecturer. He subsequently was appointed as senior clinical lecturer and honorary consultant in Oral Medicine and was the academic and service lead for that specialty from 1995 to 2013. He is currently consultant in Oral Medicine to the Birmingham Centre for Behcet s Disease, one of three nationally commissioned centres of excellence in the UK for this rare disease. His particular interests involve Sjögren s syndrome, lichen planus and Behcet s Disease. He has co-authored 2 books and contributed chapters in 3 further books, most recently the Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology, 4th edition. In addition to undergraduate teaching, he has been actively involved with postgraduate education, delivering almost 300 postgraduate lectures and courses both locally and nationally. Mr. Hamburger has held various offices including that of President of the British Society for Oral Medicine. Dr. Alison Dougall Dr. Dougall is Ass. Professor and Clinical Consultant at Dublin Dental University Hospital Training- Undergraduate Leeds Dental Institute 1981-86.Postgraduate - Eastman Dental Institute 1998-200. Senior Dentist Special Care and Sedation 2001-3. Clinical Director of Special Care Dentistry and Salaried Services Warwickshire (UK) 2003-6. Consultant for Medically Compromised Patients DDUH 2006-present Dr. Donal Blackwell Donal Blackwell graduated from the Dental School at Trinity College Dublin, in 1988. Following a number of years in General Practice, he completed his Masters Degree Programme in Restorative Dentistry at the Eastman Dental Institute London in 1996. He returned to the South East of Ireland to open a referral practice concentrating on crown and bridgework and implant dentistry. In 2004 he moved with his family to New York City to undertake further post-graduate studies, a two year fulltime Advanced Programme in Implant Dentistry at New York University. He completed this programme and returned to Ireland in 2006. Donal works in Waterford City, Ireland in Practice Limited to Fixed Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry. Dr. Ioannis Polyzois Dr. Ioannis Polyzois received his undergraduate degree in 1995 and he was awarded his MMedSci in Oral Surgery by the University of Sheffield in 1996. He completed a three year specialist training in Periodontology (MDentCh) at Trinity College Dublin in 2002 and subsequently worked there for two years as a clinical supervisor. In 2005 he became a Lecturer in Periodontology at Trinity College with responsibility for research and graduate didactic and clinical teaching. He completed his PhD thesis (Dental Education) in 2010. He is currently working in the Dublin Dental University Hospital as an Associate Prof. /Consultant and director of the Postgraduate program in Periodontology. He has published numerous research articles and book chapters.
Postgraduate Dental Education Programme Spring/Summer 2018 Date: April 21 st Venue: Albert Lecture Theatre Time Title Speaker 8.00 Registration 8.25 Opening Remarks by the Chair, Dr. John Marley (Dean) 8.30-9.10 Sexually Transmitted Disease - a Role for the Dentist (1.2)* Dr. Colm Bergin 9.20-10.00 Surgical Endodontics (2.1)* Dr. John Dermody 10.10-10.50 11.00-11.15 Coffee Traumatic Dental Injuries in Children (2.6)* Dr Rona Leith 11.15-11.55 Is Periodontal Surgery Obsolete (2.2)* Dr. Brian Mullally Speakers Biographies Dr. Colm Bergin Dr. Bergin is a Consultant Physician in Infectious Diseases, St. James s Hospital, Dublin, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin. He is Associate Director of Clinical Research, Wellcome/ HRB Research Facility (SJH & TCD) He is also Vice President, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland and a Fellow, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Dr. John Dermody Dr. Dermody graduated from UCC in 1987. He completed the FFDRCSI in 1991. He was Registrar at DDUH from 1989-93 and following this, he completed a 3 year residency at the University of Maryland leading to an MS in Endodontics. Dr. Dermody is a Diplomate of the American Board of Endodontics. He was a parttime lecturer in endodontics at DDUH from 1997-2012. Dr. Dermody has been in private practice limited to endodontics since 1996 in Dublin. Dr Rona Leith Dr Rona Leith qualified as a Dental Surgeon from Trinity College Dublin and was awarded the best overall student over the five years of dental school. Following a House Officer year, she worked in private practice for a number of years before pursuing her passion for children s dentistry and completing a Doctorate in Paediatric Dentistry in the Dublin Dental University Hospital and thereafter the FFD from the RCSI. She is past president of the Irish Society of Dentistry for Children and is currently Assistant Professor in Paediatric Dentistry in the Dublin Dental University Hospital. Dr. Brian Mullally Dr. Brian Mullally is a senior clinical lecturer at the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queens University Belfast. Dr. Garry Heavey Dr. Garry Heavey is a general dental practitioner working in Dublin. He has lectured widely on clinical dentistry and practice management. He is a past president of the Irish Dental Council and the Irish Dental Association. He was awarded MGDSRCSI (ad eundem) in 2016. 12.05-12.45 Building and Maintaining the Best Dental Team (1.3)* Dr. Garry Heavey 12.55 Close *refers to the corresponding relevant section of the MFD Syllabus. Please see appendix for details.
Postgraduate Dental Education Programme Spring/Summer 2018 Speakers Biographies Date: May 12 th Venue: Albert Lecture Theatre Time Title Speaker 8.00 Registration 8.25 Opening Remarks by the Chair, Dr. John Marley (Dean) 8.30-9.10 9.20-10.00 10.10-10.50 11.00-11.15 Coffee Restoration of the Endontically Treated Tooth (2.1)* Relevant Pharmacology for the Dentist (1.2.2)* Coronectomy: Panacea or Potential Future Problem (2.5)* Dr. Anne Gunderman Dr. Patricia O Connor Dr. Justin Moloney 11.15-11.55 Management of Ectopic Teeth (2.5)* Dr. Lorna Dobbyn 12.05-12.45 12.55 Close First do no Harm: Human Factors in Dental Practice (1.3)* Dr. Olly Bannon *refers to the corresponding relevant section of the MFD Syllabus. Please see appendix for details. Dr. Anne Gunderman Anne completed a Bachelor of Science at Arizona State University before graduating from The Ohio State University College of Dentistry in 1998. She completed her Master s degree and specialist training in prosthodontics from the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio in 2001, following which she was appointed Associate Professor in Removable Prosthodontics in San Antonio. Since 2002, Anne has been in part time private practice and is a part-time lecturer in the Dublin Dental Hospital for the prosthodontic post-doctoral students. Her particular interests relate to implant removable prosthodontics; however she practices all aspects of prosthodontic care. She is a member of various dental organizations and is a diplomate of the American Board of Prosthodontics. Dr. Justin Moloney Justin qualified from Trinity in 1988 and worked for 18 years as a general dentist, the last 10 of which were in his own practice. He then worked for 2 years as a senior house officer in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Sheffield and Dublin followed by three years as an oral surgery specialist registrar leading to the D.Ch. Dent. (Oral Surgery) qualification. He is on the Oral Surgery specialist register and has also obtained a fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons Faculty of Dentistry. Dr. Patricia O Connor Dr. O Connor is a Consultant Physician with a special interest in Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Dr. Lorna Dobbyn-Ross Dr. Lorna Dobbyn-Ross is a Consultant Orthodontist at Galway University Hospitals. She qualified from Trinity College Dental School in 2001 where she was made a Trinity Scholar in 1998. Following house officer and specialist registrar posts at the Dental schools in Belfast and Dundee, she completed her MOrth at the Royal College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. An FTTA post followed at Glasgow Dental School where she completed the ISFE exam in Orthodontics leading to the FDS (Orth). She has completed a Master s degree on cleft outcomes and published a number of papers on this subject. Dr. Olly Bannon Dr. Olly Bannon is an Emergency Medicine Consultant working in the Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast. He has particular interest in Education, Human Factors, Non-technical skills training and Simulation. He is a founding member of the Northern Ireland Non Techical Skills group and is a former Royal College of Emergency Medicine lead for Simulation training in Northern Ireland.
MFD Syllabus Dates for your Diary SECTION 1. THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF CLINICAL DENTISTRY 1.1 Biological Basis of Clinical Practice 1.1.1 Craniofacial Biology 1.1.2. Applied Physiology 1.1.3. Applied Anatomy 1.1.4. Dental Anatomy 1.2 Features and Management of Local and Systemic Diseases of Dental Relevance 1.2.1. Principles of Pathology 1.2.2. Clinical Pharmacology 1.2.3. Pathology of the Orofacial Region 1.2.4. Systemic Pathology 1. 3 The Scientific Basis of Dental Practice 1.3.1. Behavioural Science 1.3.2. The Dental Practice 1.3.3. Audit, Epidemiology and Preventive Dentistry SECTION 2. CLINICAL DENTISTRY 2.1. Endodontics 2.2. Periodontology 2.3. Prosthodontics (including operative dentistry) 2.4. Orthodontics 2.5. Oral Surgery 2.6 Paediatric Dentistry 2.7. The Principles of Professional and Ethical Practice Faculty Examinations The next sitting of the Diploma of Primary Care Dentistry Examination will be held at RCSI in Dublin on April 9th 2018 This qualification is approved by the Dental Council. The closing date for applications is February 25th 2018. The fee for the examination is 750. The Diploma of Primary Care Dentistry, RCSI is a standalone qualification which can be taken by any dentist who has complied with the regulations. The Faculty also provides FFD, MFD, MGDS & FGDS examinations. Full details of all of these examinations can be found on the Faculty website along with the 2018 examinations calendar www.facultyofdentistry.ie Hands on Course in Minor Oral Surgery Saturday, February 3rd 2018 Faculty Careers Day Saturday, February 10th 2018 Intensive Revision Course Saturday, September 15th 2018 Annual Scientific Meeting 2018 Friday October 19th & Saturday October 20th 2018
Special early bird rate * FACULTY OF DENTISTRY CAREERS DAY February 10 th 2018, Albert Lecture Theatre, RCSI TIME 8.50 9.00 9.15 9.30 9.45 EVENT OPENING Dr John Marley, Dean PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY AND ORTHODONTICS Dr John Walsh Dr Kieran Daly GENERAL PRACTICE Dr Garry Heavey Dr Niall O Connor The Faculty of Dentistry, RCSI presents a Hands-on Course in Minor Oral Surgery A one day hands-on course in minor oral surgery will be held in the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin on Saturday, February 3 rd 2018. The course will be held in RCSI s new stateof-the-art academic and education building, located at No. 26 York Street, Dublin 2. This course will be held by Consultant and Specialist staff from RCSI, Queens University Belfast and Belfast Hospital Trust. After attending this hands-on course, delegates should: Have knowledge of the assessment of the patient and surgical task including wisdom teeth removal Be able to identify and manage the at risk patient Have knowledge of the risks and complications of minor oral surgical techniques Have practical experience on porcine mandibles of: 1. Sharps control 2. Flap design and elevation 3. Bone removal with drills * Fellows, Members and Diplomates of the Faculty, an early bird rate of 600 is available. Normal price is 650. Online registration is available on facultyofdentistry.ie For further enquiries, please email facdentistry@rcsi.ie 4. Delivery of retained roots 5. Soft tissue handling including repair and biopsy techniques Non-Fellows, Members and Diplomates of the Faculty, an early bird rate of 700 is available. Normal price is 750. 10.00 10.15 ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY Professor Gerry Kearns ORAL SURGERY Dr Paul Brady 10.30-10.50 Coffee Break 11.00 11.15 11.30 11.45 12.00 12.15 12.30 12.45 13.00 Close ENDODONTICS Dr Pat Cleary PERIODONTICS Dr Jason Owens PROSTHODONTICS AND IMPLANT DENTISTRY Dr Anne Gunderman Dr Donal Blackwell DENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH Dr Jane Renehan TEACHING AND ACADEMICS Dr Michael O Sullivan ETHICS AND MEDICOLEGAL Dr Eamon Croke LIFELONG LEARNING Dr Peter Cowan This event is free of charge to attend. Please contact the Faculty of Dentistry to register Email: facdentistry@rcsi.ie Tel: +353 1 402 2256/2239
INTENSIVE REVISION COURSE MARCH 3 2018 Albert Lecture 8am 5.30pm Theatre RCSI Is it safe? Understanding & Managing Dental Patients with Medical Problems 8.00 8.30 9.00 Registration Overview of Diploma/MFD/Primary Care pathways CATEGORY 1 SURGICAL SCIENCES (5 RELEVANT TIPS) 09.00 11.00 Head and Neck Anatomy Oral Medicine Dr. Peter Cowan Dr. Christine McCreery Medical Emergency Oral Surgery Mr Ramsay Baggs Dr. John Marley Infection Control Dr. Jane Renehan 11.00 11.30 11.30 12.00 Question Practice Session Break CATEGORY 2 LEGAL/ORTHODONTIC/PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY (5 RELEVANT TIPS) 12.00 13.30 Ethical Legal Paediatric Dentistry Orthodontics considerations Dr. John Walsh Dr. Marielle Blake Prof. Albert Leung 13.30-14.15 Lunch CATEGORY 3 RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY (5 RELEVANT TIPS) 14.15-15.25 History and diagnosis Removable Dr. Paul Quinlan Prosthodontics Dr. Edward Cotter 15.35 15.50 Break Endodontics Periodontics Dr. Pat Cleary Dr. PJ Byrne 16.50 17.15 Question Practice Session 17.15 Final discussion and close Fixed Prosthodontics Dr. Gerry Cleary Friday, October 19 th and Saturday, October 20 th 2018 ROYAL COLLEGE Please see Faculty of Dentistry website for registration details - www.facultyofdentistry.ie DENTISTRY OF ROYAL FACULTY COLLEGE IRELAND OF SURGEONS IN Further information will shortly be available on www.asm2018.ie OF DENTISTRY FACULTY The Faculty of Dentistry, RCSI ASM 2018 IRELAND OF SURGEONS IN
RCSI Faculty of Dentistry Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Coláiste Ríoga na Máinleá in Éirinn 123 St. Stephen s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland Tel: +353 1 402 2239 / 2256 Fax: +353 1 402 2125 Email: facdentistry@rcsi.ie facultyofdentistry.ie find us on facebook Faculty of Dentistry, RCSI @facdentistry RCSI THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENCE, ART AND PRACTICE OF DENTISTRY BY PROMOTING EDUCATION, STUDY AND RESEARCH IN DENTISTRY