Basic Plant Biochemistry Ex Tax: 340.00 Technical data Course Hours: 100 Recognised Issuing Body: Course Code: Course Prerequisite: Course Qualification: Exam Required?: UK Course Credits: US Course Credit Hours: Study Support: TQUK - Training Qualifications UK, an Ofqual Approved Awarding Organisation. BSC102 No, start at any time Level 4 Certificate in Basic Plant Biochemistry Finalised with exam/test 10 Credits 3 Credit Hours You'll be allocated your own personal tutor/mentor who will support and mentor you throughout your whole course. Our tutors/mentors have been specifically chosen for their business expertise, qualifications and must be active within their industry. Tutors are contactable by e-mail, telephone and through our Moodle Student Support Zone online. Tutors are there to provide assistance with course material, discuss, explain and give advice and support throughout the whole programme. Their feedback is vital to your success. Basic Plant Biochemistry course online. Learn about the composition and function of plantsbiochemistry is the chemistry of living beings. This course concentrates on the biochemistry of plants.learn Plant Biochemistry with outstanding experienced tutors. Our Problem-Based Approach for learning makes the learning experience practical and applied, helping you to
understand, absorb and retain your new knowledge. Course prerequisites: Some secondary school chemistry will be helpful though not essential. Learning Goals: Biochemistry 1 - (Plants) BSC102 Identify characteristics of common chemical compounds important in plant biochemistry. Explain the characteristics of major biochemical groups including; carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Explain the characteristics of chemicals which control biological processes, including enzymes and hormones. Identify the role of nitrogen in plant biological processes, including the nitrogen cycle. Identify the role of photosynthesis in biological systems. Explain the role of respiration in plants. Explain characteristics of assimilation and transpiration in plants. Explain the effect of acidity and alkalinity on biochemical systems. Develop simple chemical analysis skills relevant to testing plants and soils. Identify applications and uses for biochemical processes and products. Lesson Structure: Biochemistry 1 - (Plants) BSC102 There are 9 lessons: 1 Introduction The Basics: Atoms, Elements and Compounds, Table of Significant Elements Parts of a Compound Other Common Biochemical Groups Chemical Names: Alkyl Groups, Arrangement of Atoms in a Compound
Organic Compounds Types of Carbohydrate: Proteins, Amino Acids, Lipids, Nucleic Acids Biochemical Processes in Plants and Animals What is Life? Classification of Living Things Atoms: The Atomic Nature of Matter, The Structure of Atoms Biochemistry: Biochemical Process in the Cell The Carbon Cycle Calculating the Components in a Chemical: Atomic Weights of Elements Recommended Reading 2 Lipids and proteins Carbohydrates Function: Carbohydrates trap light energy, Carbohydrates release energy, Energy Supply in Animals/Humans, Types of Carbohydrates Hydrolysis Aromatic Compounds Lipids & Proteins: Characteristics of Lipids, Naturally occurring & commercially useful lipids Proteins: Amino Acids, Types of Proteins Lipoproteins Proteins in the Human Diet Protein Structure 3 Enzymes Definitions Enzymes Plant Hormones Chemical Growth Modification Enzymes Additional Information: Effect of Temperature, Effect of ph, Activation, Isoenzymes, Inhibition 4 Nitrogen and the nitrogen cycle The Role of Nitrogen The Nitrogen Cycle: Nitrogen fixation, Ammonification, Nitrification, Denitrification, Nitrogen loss, Forms of Nitrogen 5 Photosynthesis and respiration
Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions, The Dark Reactions, Environmental factors which affect photosynthesis Respiration: Glycolysis, The Krebs cycle, The Electron Transport Chain The Rate of Respiration is Affected By... Terminology 6 Assimilation and transpiration Water and Plant Growth Transpiration: Environmental Factors that Affect Transpiration and Water Uptake Metabolism of Plants and Animals Mechanisms of Nutrient Uptake in Plants Terminology 7 Acidity and alkalinity ph Measuring ph: Methods of Measuring ph What is an Acid or Base? Buffers Soil ph Nutrient Availability and ph Cation Exchange Capacity and ph The Acid-Base Balance in Human Exercise Physiology: Buffer Effect, Respiration, The Kidney Effect 8 Chemical analysis Chemical Analysis: Laboratory testing of Soils, Soil Sampling, Measuring Salinity Colorimeters Chromatography Gas Spectrometers Atomic Absorption Units Conductivity: Conductivity and Hydroponics Terminology 9 Biochemical applications Alkaloids: Pyrrolidine Alkaloids, Quinoline and Isoquinaline Alkaloids, Pyridine & Piperidine Alkaloids, Indole Alkaloids Poisonous Plants Herbal Medicines
Preparing Herbal Remedies Chemical Toxicities: Chemical Pesticides: Insecticides, Characteristics of Pesticides, Summary of Main Chemical Groups of Insecticides, Comparative Toxicities of Pesticides How Poisonous is a Chemical? Tissue Culture: Uses, Problems Tissue Culture Procedures: Explants, Sterilisation, Nutrient Media, Methods of shoot induction and proliferation, Multiplication by adventitious roots, Rooting and Planting Out Environmental Conditions: Types of media, Composition of Nutrient Media, Cleanliness, Light and Temperature Conditions, Hormones Laboratory Requirements Glossary of Terms Biotechnology in Horticulture: Tissue Culture Development Cell Fusions Overcoming Pollination Incompatatbility Practicals: Explain the formulae of ten specified, chemical compounds commonly found in plants. Calculate the percentages of elements contained in two specified chemical compounds. Differentiate between characteristics of major groups of biochemicals including: carbohydrates proteins amino acids lipids nucleic acids Compare differences between monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Differentiate between plant and animal biochemistry, with three specific examples of biochemical processes which are unique to each. Differentiate between a fat and an oil. Explain the characteristics of a specified protein formula. Compare two fibrous proteins with two globular proteins. Explain the functions of carbohydrates in plants. Explain two commercial applications for lipids for the learners chosen industry.
Explain two commercial applications for proteins for the learners chosen industry. Explain two commercial applications for carbohydrates for the learners industry. Distinguish between an enzyme and a hormone. Explain how one specific enzyme functions in a living organism. Explain how one specific hormone functions in a living organism. Explain the relevance of hormones to the learners industry sector. Explain the relevance of enzymes to the learners industry sector. Explain plant inoculum in relation to nitrogen use in plants. Define relevant terminology, including: Nitrogen Fixation Ammonification Nitrification Denitrification Symbiotic Bacteria Explain the effect on plant yield of a deficiency in available nitrogen. Explain the effect on plant yield of an excess in available nitrogen. Compare differences in nitrogen deficiency symptoms between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Analyse the nitrogen cycle with diagrams. Explain the significance of the nitrogen cycle to plants and animals. Perform an experiment comparing the growth of 4 plants grown under differing light conditions. Explain differences in plants grown under different light conditions. Explain the processes of photosynthesis, with diagrams. Explain the importance of photosynthesis to plants. List the main biochemical processes which occur during respiration in plants. Identify the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration. Explain glycolysis, including the sequence of chemical reactions which take place. Explain the Krebs cycle, including the sequence of chemical reactions involved. Compare respiration in a plant with respiration in an animal. Explain differences in plant respiration, under different climatic conditions, for a specified situation. Define relevant terminology, including: Transpiration Translocation Vapour Pressure Osmosis Evapotranspiration Assimilation
Explain how water is absorbed into a plant, with the aid of diagrams. Explain how nutrients are absorbed into a plant, with the aid of diagrams. Perform, a simple experiment, showing the movement of dyed water into, and through a plant. Explain how water is moved about in a plant. Explain how nutrients are moved about in a plant. Explain the purpose of transpiration, in plant function. Define ph terminology including; acid, alkaline, base and neutral. Explain the control of acidity and alkalinity in different living organisms, using 4 specific examples, including: buffers chemical reactions Explain how soil ph affects plant nutrient availability. Explain plant responses to changes in soil ph. Analyse the effects of three different fertilizers on the ph of growing media. Explain the effects of abnormal ph levels in a specific case study of a physiological process, in a living organism. Identify factors involved in controlling acidity and alkalinity in a specific case study. Define relevant terminology, including: calibration electroconductivity chromatography colorimeter indicators Compare chemical ph test kits with chemical ph meters, in terms of the following: accuracy ease of use portability speed maintenance calibration costs Explain the practical applications of various analytical techniques including: chromatography (TLC, GC) colorimetry atomic absorption Determine the value of analytical techniques used in industry including: efficiency accuracy
ease of use Differentiate between chemical toxicity and tolerance. Explain the implications of LD50 characteristics with five different chemical substances. Explain the implications of half-life characteristics with five different chemical substances. List the active toxins in ten poisonous plants which commonly occur in your home locality. Explain the effects of two naturally occurring toxins on the human body. Explain the function and use of two different plants as medicines for humans or animals. Determine three different applications for plant tissue culture. Your learning experience with ADL will not only depend on the quality of the course, but also the quality of the person teaching it. This course is taught by Susan Stephenson Your course fee includes unlimited tutorial support throughout from these excellent teachers. Here are her credentials: Susan Stephenson BSc in Applied Plant Biology (Botany) Univ. London 1983. City and guilds: Garden Centre Management, Management and Interior Decor (1984) Management qualifications in training with retail store. Diploma in Hort level 2 (RHS General) Distinction. Susan Stephenson is a passionate and experienced horticulturist and garden designer.
She has authored three books, lectures at 2 Further and Higher Education Colleges, teaching people of all ages and backgrounds about the wonders of plants and garden design, and tutors many students by correspondence from all over the world. Susan studied botany at Royal Holloway College (Univ of London) and worked in the trading industry before returning to her first love plants and garden design. She is therefore, well placed to combine business knowledge with horticulture and design skills. Her experience is wide and varied and she has designed gardens for families and individuals. Susan is a mentor for garden designers who are just starting out, offering her support and advice and she also writes, delivers and assesses courses for colleges, introducing and encouraging people into horticulture and garden design. Susan is a Professional Associate and exam moderator and holds the RHS General with Distinction. She continues to actively learn about horticulture and plants and (as her students will tell you) remains passionate and interested in design and horticulture. She also supervised the Area Arboriculture Team and was Exhumations Officer in charge of collecting discovered remains and arranging identification (if poss) and interment of same. Excerpt From The Course THE ROLE OF NITROGEN Nitrogen is vital for all living organisms. It is important as a macronutrient for plant growth, and is essential for the formation of amino acids and for protein and nucleic acid synthesis. It chiefly exists as an invisible, odourless, chemically inactive gas, which forms 78% of the Earth s atmosphere. Plants take up nitrogen from the soil as nitrate (NO 3- ) or more rarely as ammonium (NH 4+ ) or nitrite (NO 2 ) ions. Nitrogen is present in hundreds of compounds in plants, including amino acids, enzymes, chlorophyll and genes. It is needed in highest concentration in actively growing parts of the plant, ie. shoots, flowers, fruit and root tips. Deficiencies lead to spindly plant growth and yellowing of the leaves. The symptoms first appear in the older leaves and generally appear gradually. Soil nitrogen is replenished by natural processes (ie. the nitrogen cycle and nitrogen fixation) and through fertiliser applications including urea, ammonium sulphate and
ammonium nitrate. Too much nitrogen produces soft tissues with a high water content that are particularly prone to frost damage. Excessive leaf growth may occur at the expense of flowering and fruit set, and potassium deficiencies may be induced. THE NITROGEN CYCLE The nitrogen cycle is the circulation of nitrogen between living organisms and the environment. Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms, although most living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (which makes up 4/5 of the Earth s atmosphere) to make proteins and other organic substances. It first must be converted by bacteria into ammonium or nitrate which cells can use. Nitrogen fixation This is the process whereby atmospheric nitrogen is fixed in the soil by soil microorganisms. The main soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are: Rhizobium bacteria that live in nodules in the roots of legumes Actinomycetes Blue-green algae in moist soils Free-living micro-organisms that are found in most soils The symbiotic bacteria which includes Rhizobium bacteria, are by far the most important in terms of the total amounts of nitrogen fixed. In the symbiotic relationship between legumes and Rhizobium, the legume supplies the Rhizobium with carbon compounds as an energy source and also provides a protective environment. The legume, in return, obtains nitrogen in a form usable for the production of plant proteins. Rhizobium invades the roots of pasture legumes such as alfalfa, clovers, peas, soybean, beans, as well as Australian native legumes including Acacias. The bacteria are attracted to the legume by a growth substance and invade the root hairs. They then divide forming filaments and infect the root cortex in which a nodule forms. The bacterium fixes nitrogen by means of the enzyme nitrogenase. In commercial agriculture, soil nitrogen levels are boosted by growing leguminous plants which are inoculated with Rhizobium bacteria. The plants are then harvested, leaving behind the nitrogen-rich roots or by plowing the whole plant back into the soil.
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