1 st Meeting of the OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues 21-22 January 2013 Ankara, Turkey STATISTICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC COUNTRIES O R G A NIZATION O F I S L A M I C C O O P E R A T I ON
OUTLINE 1 OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues 2 Gender in OIC; Basic facts and figures 3 Gender data gap
OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues Why was it established? to follow the studies of global statistical community on gender related issues with the aim of reflecting the common values of OIC Member Countries to review the existing concepts and definitions on gender related issues from all aspects to draw up concrete proposals to the global statistical community to broaden the available concepts and definitions to be adequately reflected within different cultural practices
OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues What are the tasks/expected outputs? examine the available concepts and definitions related to gender issues review the existing practices of member countries on gender related issues both from policy implementation and data collection perspectives identify the priority concerns of OIC member countries in adapting international recommendations provide concrete proposals for revision of available definitions to be more inclusive at different cultural practices
OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues Who are the members of this Committee? COMMITTEE MEMBERS 1 United Arab Emirates 15 Maldives 2 Afghanistan 16 Morocco 3 Algeria 17 Nigeria 4 Azerbaijan 18 Oman Lead Country United Arab Emirates 5 Cameroon 19 Pakistan 6 Chad 20 Palestine 7 Cote d'lvoire 21 Somalia 8 Djibouti 22 Sudan 9 Egypt 23 Suriname 10 Indonesia 24 Togo Secretariat SESRIC 11 Iran 25 Tunisia 12 Iraq 26 Turkey 13 Jordan 27 IDB 14 Kuwait 28 SESRIC Permanent Member IDB
OIC-StatCom TCE on Gender Related Issues What are the major aims of the meeting? To be informed about the on-going works at internatinal level both from policy implementation and data collection point of views To be informed about existing practices of member countries on gender related data collection to address whether there is a need for revision of existing concepts and definitions and in which ones? and priorities Work plan of the Committe will be identified
Basic facts and figures Highlights from World Women Report, 2010 There is a gender spiral with more boys and men in younger age groups and more women in the older age groups Fertility is steadily declining Life expectancy is rising International migration is increasing The age at marriage for women is increasing
Basic facts and figures Highlights from World Women Report, 2010 (cont.) Literacy levels of women in younger age groups are generally much higher than those in older age groups Part-time and informal employment are common for women Child labour is increasing, particularly in agriculture There is a gender pay gap Women are underrepresented among researchers Women are highly underrepresented in decision making positions
Basic facts and figures Highlights from World Women Report, 2010 (cont.) Women are subjected to different forms of violence; physical, sexual, psychological and economic; both within and outside their homes Current statistical measurements of violence aganist women provide a limited source of information and statistical definitions and classifications require more work and harmonisation at the international level (pg. 127)
Gender in OIC Demographic facts 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Population pyramid in the OIC, 2010 Male Female 8 4 0 4 8 % of Total population 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 Population pyramid in the World, 2010 Male Female 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 % of Total population Total estimated population of the OIC member countries was 1.563 billion people in 2010 which is 22.2% of the total world population Higher percentage of population in the younger age groups
Gender in OIC Demographic facts Surplus of women and men by age, OIC, 2010 100+ 95-99 90-94 Female 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 Male 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 4,000 2,000 0 2,000 1000 people Surplus of women and men by age, World, 2010 100+ 95-99 90-94 Female 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 Male 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 10,000 20,000 1000 people World average lifespan is longer than OIC averages Surplus of men is concentrated in the younger age groups There are more women after 50 years of age in the world and 55 years of age in the OIC
Gender in OIC Demographic facts 10.00 8.00 Total fertility rate 6.00 4.00 7.2 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 2.00 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.6 0 Countries having TFR below replacement level of 2.1 Even though the OIC country group had the highest average fertility rate with 3.38 among other country groups during the years 2005-2010, the overall downward trend of the OIC member countries was the highest with 18.34% from 1995 to 2010 Fertility rate varies dramatically among the countries accross the OIC and some of them had TFR below the replacement level of 2.1
Gender in OIC Demographic facts 100 80 60 40 20 0 Infant mortality rate, 1980-2010 OIC 1980-1985 1990-1995 2000-2005 2005-2010 Non-OIC Developing World Developed Under 5 years mortality rate varies dramatically across the regions of OIC, besides OIC country group averages for infant mortality rate were still above the world and other country group averages
Gender in OIC Demographic facts Life expectancy at birth, 1950 vs. 2010 90 80 70 60 Male 63 66 Female 66 70 64 77 69 83 64 69 Years 50 40 40 42 47 49 41 42 30 20 10 0 OIC World Developed Non-OIC Developing For the period 1950 2010 average life expectancy at birth increased from 40 years to 63 years for men, and from 42 years to 66 years for women at OIC level There are significant differences in the life expectancy at birth of men and women among the country groups, in particular the developed country groups have higher values both in expected lifespan and female-male lifespan differences.
Gender in OIC Demographic facts Basic indicators for marriage and divorce, 2000 s Crude marriage rate (1) Crude divorce rate (1) Legal age for marriage (2 ) Men Women OIC 8.67 0.73 15 13 Non-OIC Developing 6.16 1.43 15 15 Developed 5.80 2.63 17 16 World 6.56 1.55. 1)Source: SESRIC Estimation from individual country data available at the World Marriage Data 2008 online database 2)Source: UNSD, Indicators on men and women OIC country group has the lowest legal age for marriage for women in the world Estimated average crude marriage and crude divorce rates were better than the world and other country group averages
Gender in OIC Demographic facts 10 countries in the world having higher % of ever married women in age group 15-19, 2000 and later Mean age of childbearing, 2005-2010 Niger 60.66 Libya 33 Mali 52.6 Djibouti 32 Bangladesh Chad 47.85 45.3 Saudi Arabia Oman Tunisia 32 31 31 Mozambique 43.3 Guinea 37.9 Kyrgyzstan 27 Malawi Sierra Leone Nigeria Cameroon 36.2 34.1 33.23 33.2 0 20 40 60 80 % Azerbaijan Bangladesh Most of the OIC member countries placed at the top in the list of the higher % of ever married women in age group 15-19 Mean age of childbearing ranges from 33 to 26 years of age across the OIC in the period 2005-2010, OIC averages of mean age of childbearing was higher than world and other developing country averages Albania Guyana 26 26 27 27 20 25 30 35 year
Gender in OIC Educational attainment Literacy rates, adult vs. youth 2010 100 90 80 70 81 89 86 OIC World Non-OIC Developing 87 80 74 93 91 81 87 85 60 66 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Male Female Adult Youth Although the male - female gap is closing among the youths, the OIC country group averages still lag behind the world and other country group averages
Gender in OIC Educational attainment 120 GER in secondary and tertiary education, 2010 or latest 100 103 103 OIC World Developed Countries 80 60 40 70 69 58 56 80 65 20 28 18 21 32 0 Female Male Female Male Secondary Tertiary GER of OIC country group averages far behind the other country group averages, this is more strikingly obvious in tertiary education enrollement rates both for females and males
Gender in OIC Employment Economically active population in OIC, 2010 Economically active population in agriculture in OIC, 2010 Female Male Female Male 43% 34% 66% 57% 34 % of economically active population were females across OIC but this ratio increased to 43% for agriculture. Women engaged more in agricultural activities and these figures should distinguished whether this was paid or un-paid labour
Gender in OIC Employment 40 29 Female adult unemployment rate (%), 2010 or latest year available 20 20 18 17 16 15 14 0 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 40 20 23 14 10 10 9 Male adult unemployment rate (%), 2010 or latest year available 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 There was significant diffrerence in unemployment rates among genders.
Gender in OIC Employment 60 40 48 47 46 46 40 34 33 31 31 29 Female youth unemployment rate (%), 2010 or latest data available 27 26 20 23 23 22 22 20 19 16 16 16 14 12 11 10 9 8 8 0 4 3 2 1 60 40 43 39 31 26 26 Male youth unemployment rate (%), 2010 or latest data available 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 17 16 15 14 13 12 12 0 8 8 7 7 5 4 1 1 This applies to youth figures as well and male-female gap in youth employment was remarkable
Gender in OIC Participation in decision making % of seats occupied in national parliamentaries by women in OIC, 2012 Distribution of seats occupied in national parliamentaries by women by country groups (%), 2012 Non-OIC Developing 50.46% 84.52% 15.48% OIC 19.21% Develeoped 30.34% Men Women Percentage of seats occupied in national parliamentaries by women including both houses was 15, 48 % as of 31 December 2012. This ratio for Developed and Non-OIC Developing country goups were 25.9 % and 20.01 % respectively There is only 19% of seats occupied by OIC women, at global level
Gender in OIC Participation in decision making The Global Gender Gap Index OIC country ranking, 2012 (39 OIC MC s) 6 of the OIC member countries namely Cote d lvoire, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Chad, Pakistan and Yemen took place at the bottom of the list Only 3 of the OIC member countries namely, Mozambique, Uganda and Kazakhstan were above the Developed country group averages
Gender in OIC Participation in decision making Sub-Indexes of the GGGI for OIC Political Enpowerment Economic Participation and Opportunity 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Educational Attainment Health and Survival OIC country group averages in political enpowerment sub-index was estimated at 0.15 it was the lowest value among other country group averages but actually all country group averages were not good at Political empowerment sub-index
Gender in OIC Data sources 1. World Population Prospects, The 2010 Revision 2. World Marriage Data, 2008 3. UNSD Indicators on men and women 4. UNESCO online dabase 5. ILO online database 6. FAOSTAT online database 7. Inter-parliamentary Union, PARLINE database 8. WEF Global Gender Gap Report, 2012
Gender data gap for OIC Sex disaggregated data categories 1. Infant and under five mortality rates 2. Adult mortalities by cause of death 3. Migration (age group and level of education) 4. Sectoral employment (age group, level of education, positions hold) 5. Type of employment (paid, non-paid, family worker etc) 6. Labour payments gender gap in wages 7. Informal employment 8. Use of IT Other categories 1. Household structure and women s participation in family decisions 2. Violence against women
StatCaB Survey Responses subjects in favour OIC Countries 1 Database design and management 2 Web-based data compilation 3 Fishery statistics 4 Environmental statistics and indicators 5 Agricultural statistics 6 Gender 7 Forestry statistics 8 Migration 9 Transportation and Communication 10 Supply-use and input-output tables 11 Regional accounts 12 Manufacturing Industry 13 Labour Force 14 Health 15 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 16 Environmental accounting
Conclusion Based on available data it can be concluded that there is significant gender difference amongst OIC member countries that has be investigated in detail Regional researches need to be conducted in order to explore the variations in this respect Data availability has to be enhanced and be more comprehensive particularly in the area of employment, wages, migration and household characteristics
Thank you very much for your attention...