Dental Morphology and Vocabulary Palate Palate Palate 1 2 Hard Palate Rugae Hard Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate Palate Palate Soft Palate 4 Palate Hard Palate Soft Palate Maxillary Arch (Maxilla) (Uppers) Tuberosity Uvula Tonsils Retro-Molar Pad Frenum 5 Mandibular Arch (Mandible) (Lowers) 6 1
Patient s Right Patient s Left Patient s Right Patient s Left Maxillary Right Quadrant Maxillary Left Quadrant Six Segments Mandibular Right Quadrant Mandibular Left Quadrant 7 8 Maxillary Anterior Segment Anterior Direction Maxillary Right Posterior Segment Maxillary Left Posterior Segment Mandibular Right Posterior Segment Mandibular Left Posterior Segment Posterior Direction Medial Direction Lateral Direction Mandibular Anterior Segment 9 Anterior Direction 10 Individual Tooth Names Maxillary CENTRAL Incisors Incisors Central Incisors Lateral Incisors Cuspids Premolars (Bicuspids) Molars 11 Mandibular CENTRAL Incisors 12 2
Maxillary LATERAL Incisors Maxillary CUSPIDS (Canine) Mandibular CUSPIDS (Canine) Mandibular LATERAL Incisors 1 14 Maxillary 1st BICUSPIDS (Premolars) Maxillary 2nd BICUSPIDS (Premolars) Mandibular 1st BICUSPIDS (Premolars) 15 Mandibular 2nd BICUSPIDS (Premolars) 16 Maxillary 1st MOLARS Maxillary 1st MOLARS 6-year Molars Mandibular 1st MOLARS 17 Mandibular 1st MOLARS 18
Maxillary 2nd MOLARS Maxillary 2nd MOLARS 12-yr Molars Mandibular 2nd MOLARS 19 Mandibular 2nd MOLARS 20 Maxillary rd MOLARS Maxillary rd MOLARS Wisdom Teeth Mandibular rd MOLARS 21 Mandibular rd MOLARS 22 Universal Method of Tooth Numbering Universal Method of Tooth Numbering Continue around the arch 1 Continue around 2 the arch 1 2 24 4
Universal Method of Tooth Numbering 7 8 4 56 Continue around 2 the arch 1 Universal Method of Tooth Numbering 4 56 Continue around 2 the arch 1 7 8 9 10 11 121 14 15 16 25 26 Universal Method of Tooth Numbering 4 56 2 1 7 8 9 10 11 121 14 15 16 Drop directly Below to the rd molar Universal Method of Tooth Numbering 4 56 Continue around 2 the arch 1 2 1 0 29 28 7 8 9 10 11 121 27 26 25 24 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 27 28 Universal Method of Tooth Numbering 4 56 Hint: 16 teeth in each 2 arch 1 2 1 0 29 28 7 8 9 10 11 121 27 26 25 24 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Used by Orthodontist, But not much by General Dentists PALMER Method of Tooth Numbering 4 56 2 1 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 54 7 8 8 7 2 1 1 2 4 5 6 29 0 5
PRIMARY TEETH DECIDUOUS TEETH BABY TEETH PRIMARY TEETH DECIDUOUS TEETH BABY TEETH 20 TEETH C B A D E F G H I J 1 2 PRIMARY TEETH DECIDUOUS TEETH BABY TEETH PRIMARY TEETH DECIDUOUS TEETH BABY TEETH C B A D E F G H I J C B A D E F G H I J K T K S L R Q P O N M 4 Naming of Tooth Surfaces Naming of Tooth Surfaces MESIAL DISTAL FACIAL LINGUAL OCCLUSAL INCISAL Every tooth has the following Surfaces: MESIAL DISTAL FACIAL LINGUAL 5 6 6
Naming of Tooth Surfaces Naming of Tooth Surfaces In addition, Posterior teeth Have an Occlusal Surface MESIAL DISTAL FACIAL LINGUAL OCCLUSAL and Anterior teeth Have an Incisal Surface MESIAL DISTAL FACIAL LINGUAL INCISAL 7 8 That surface of the tooth that is closest to the mid-line Naming of Tooth Surfaces That surface of the tooth that is further from the mid-line Distal Mesial 9 40 In most cases, Mesial surfaces of one tooth contact the Distal surface of another tooth. There are two exceptions in each quadrant. MESIAL DISTAL Exception #2: The rd Molars have no Contact on their Distal Surfaces Exception #1: Mesial of a Central Incisor contacts the Mesial of the other Central Incisor 41 42 7
In all other cases, the Mesial surface of one tooth contacts The Distal surface of Another tooth In all other cases, the Mesial surface of one tooth contacts The Distal surface of Another tooth 4 44 DISTAL MESIAL DISTAL MESIAL 45 46 FACIAL SURFACES THE SURFACE OF A TOOTH CLOSEST TO THE CHEEKS (FACE) FACIAL TOOTH SURFACES Facial surfaces on Posterior Teeth are ALSO called Buccal Surfaces. 47 48 8
FACIAL TOOTH SURFACES Facial surfaces on Anterior Teeth are ALSO called Labial Surfaces. In summary: The surface of the tooth closest to the cheek (face) is called Facial surface. Facial surface of the POSTERIOR teeth are also called Buccal surfaces. Facial surface of the ANTERIOR teeth are also called Labial surfaces 49 50 FACIAL SURFACES LINGUAL SURFACES BUCCAL (Posteriors) LABIAL (Anteriors) Those surfaces of the teeth that are closest to the tongue 51 52 LINGUAL SURFACES LINGUAL SURFACES THE MAILLARY LINGUAL SURFACES ARE ALSO CALLED PALATAL SURFACES 5 54 9
OCCLUSAL SURFACES (POSTERIOR TEETH ONLY) OCCLUSAL SURFACES (POSTERIOR TEETH ONLY) 55 56 INCISAL SURFACE (EDGE) (ANTERIOR TEETH ONLY) INCISAL SURFACE (EDGE) (ANTERIOR TEETH ONLY) 57 58 Crown Root Crown The Crown is Covered by Enamel The root is covered by Cementum 59 60 10
Crown CEJ Cementoenamel Junction Root CEJ Cementoenamel Junction The CEJ separates the Crown from the Root. 61 62 The Bone surrounding a tooth is specialized Bone called Alveolar Bone The Bone surrounding a tooth is specialized Bone called Alveolar Bone 6 64 Enamel 65 Dentin Enamel 66 11
Below the hard, brittle enamel is a softer material called DENTIN 67 Pulp Dentin Enamel 68 The pulp has two Parts: In the center of each tooth are the nerve and blood supply. called the PULP The pulp has two Parts: The Pulp Chamber In the center of each tooth are the nerve and blood supply. called the PULP 69 70 The pulp has two Parts: The Pulp Chamber In the center of each tooth are the nerve and blood supply. called the PULP Cementum And the Pulp Canal Pulp Dentin Enamel 71 72 12
Apex Cementum Cementum Cementum covers the root of a tooth 7 Pulp Dentin Enamel 74 Periodontal Probing The Periodontal Probe The soft tissue surrounding the Bone is called the Gum.or the GINGIVA 75 76 Periodontal Probing Measures the distance between the top of the Gingiva and the top of the Alveolar Bone Periodontal Probing Measures the distance between the top of the Gingiva and the top of the Alveolar Bone Example A is healthy; 2- mm 77 78 1
Periodontal Probing Measures the distance between the top of the Gingiva and the top of the Alveolar Bone Example C is not healthy: 4-5 mm Embrasure: The space between 2 teeth 79 80 The embrasure is filled with tissue called the Papilla The embrasure is filled with tissue called the Papilla 81 82 more about the Gingiva.. more about the Gingiva.. Gingival Attachment where the gingiva attaches to the tooth Attached Gingiva where the gingiva attaches to the Bone. 8 84 14
more about the Gingiva.. more about the Gingiva.. The space between the free gingiva and the tooth is called the Gingival Sulcus Free Gingiva where the gingiva is not attached to anything 85 86 more about the Gingiva.. The space between the free gingiva and the tooth is called the Gingival Sulcus 87 15