SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE Trial Examination 2014 STUDENT NUMBER Letter Figures Words PHYSICAL EDUCATION, UNITS 3 AND 4 Written examination Day Date 2014 Reading time: Total writing time:. to. (15 minutes). to. (2 hours) QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK Structure of book Section Number of questions Number of questions to be answered 15 12 Number of marks A B 15 12 15 105 Total 120 Students are to write in blue or black pen. Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers. Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape. No calculator is allowed in this examination. Materials supplied Question and answer book of 24 pages. Additional space is available at the end of the book if you need extra paper to complete your answer. Instructions Write your student number in the space provided above on this page. All written responses must be in English. Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room. ACHPER Victorian Branch, 2014. ACHPER provides approval for schools that have purchased this trial examination to copy it for the purpose of teaching students in schools. Other than for this specific purpose, copyright exists with ACHPER Victorian Branch. It may not be reproduced for any other purpose without permission from ACHPER Victorian Branch. No responsibility or liability whatsoever can be accepted by ACHPER Victorian Branch or the authors for any loss, damage or injury that may arise from any person acting on any statement or information contained in this publication and to the extent permitted by law, all such liabilities are expressly excluded. Every effort has been made to trace the ownership of copyright material. Information that will enable the publisher to rectify any error or omission will be welcome. In such case, please contact ACHPER who will arrange payment of the usual fee.
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 2 SECTION A Multiple-choice questions Instructions for Section A Answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet provided for multiple-choice questions. Choose the response that is correct or that best answers the question. A correct answer scores 1, an incorrect answer scores 0. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers. No marks will be given if more than one answer is completed for any question. Question 1 A pedometer is A. highly reactive, subjective, practical. B. objective, inexpensive, practical. C. accurate, practical, inexpensive. D. expensive, measures frequency, highly reactive. Question 2 An acute response from submaximal to maximal exercise intensity is A. increased tidal volume. B. increased VO 2 maximum. C. increased muscle glycogen stores. D. increased motor unit recruitment. Question 3 The type of focus that would most effectively enhance performance in aerial skiing is A. broad internal focus. B. broad external focus. C. narrow internal focus. D. narrow external focus. Question 4 At a school athletics carnival the Open boys (Under 20) 100m event was won in 11.7 seconds. The major cause of fatigue for this athlete at the conclusion of the event would have been A. glycogen depletion and hydrogen ion accumulation. B. creatine phosphate (PC) depletion and accumulation of inorganic phosphates. C. hydrogen ion accumulation and increased core body temperature. D. increased core body temperature and glycogen depletion. SECTION A continued
3 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 5 Which of the following does not occur once an athlete reaches their Lactate Inflection Point (L.I.P.)? A. increased time until exhaustion. B. increased anaerobic metabolism. C. increased blood lactate. D. increased hydrogen ion accumulation. Question 6 Georgina has been a member of the school s cross-country team which has been training three times per week for the past four months. During a Physical Education class Georgina reached level 7.2 in the 20m shuttle run test while her friend, Paige, reached level 6.1. Paige has never been involved in running and was invited to participate in cross-country training. Three months later they did a post-test where Georgina reached 7.5 but she was confused as to why Paige reached 7.8 after only 3 months of training. The training principle that best explains this situation is A. reversibility B. detraining C. law of diminishing returns D. overload Question 7 In an Open Water swim over 10 kilometres, a reduced oxygen deficit is enabled if A. high Glycaemic Index (GI) foods and an active recovery are undertaken immediately following the exercise. B. protein is consumed and a passive recovery occurs immediately following the exercise. C. the athlete has a high VO 2 maximum and completes a warm up. D. the athlete has a high VO 2 maximum and completes an active recovery. Question 8 Park Run organises free, weekly, 5km timed runs around the world, open to everyone. These events take place in pleasant parkland surroundings and encourage people of every ability to take part. It brings together people from a local setting to exercise. Using the events page on the website, an individual can select a suitable location, review the course and view past results. Park Run increases physical activity levels locally by A. increasing access to affordable, safe, regular exercise. B. incorporating activities within the school curriculum. C. provides incentives to employers that run to work. D. being a world-wide event. SECTION A continued TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 4 Question 9 Park Run offers runs one day per week. What else could an individual need to complete to meet the National Physical Activity Guidelines for an Adult? A. walking the dog 5 days of the week for 60 minutes and standing at work for 15 minutes per work day. B. playing tennis twice in the week of 60 minutes per game, gardening one day of the week for approximately 90 minutes, riding a bike to and from work 75 minutes per day, three times a week. C. standing at work for various amounts of time (between 15 minutes to 60 minutes), five days of the week. D. taking two one hour aerobic classes in a week. Question 10 Phosphocreatine (PC) resynthesis following a high intensity effort is delayed by A. low oxygen supply and low ph levels. B. low oxygen supply and high ph levels. C. reduced amounts of hydrogen ions and accumulated creatine monohydrate. D. increased amounts of hydrogen ions and high ph levels. Question 11 The two runners depicted above have the same VO 2 maximums. The likely reason for the difference in the graph is A. lactate inflection point B. lactate tolerance C. running economy D. fuel depletion SECTION A continued
5 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 12 A previously untrained year 12 student completed a 6 week training program to improve aerobic capacity. Which of the following would be a chronic vascular adaptation to a long interval training program for this student? A. increased size of the left ventricle B. increased contractility of the heart C. increased myoglobin levels D. increased haemoglobin levels Question 13 Which of the following muscle fibre arrangements produces the greatest muscular strength? A. fusiform B. multipennate C. fast twitch D. bipennate Question 14 Relative VO 2 maximum scores are more likely to be used than absolute VO 2 maximum scores to compare athletes because they A. take into account different playing positions on the sports field B. are better at estimating correct values when field tests are undertaken C. take into account the body mass of the athlete D. are more cost effective for sporting clubs to compare the players in the team Question 15 Which of the following factors contributes to fatigue in performance? A. increased sodium gradients B. increased central nervous system firing C. increased intramuscular ph levels D. increased vasoconstriction at the muscle site END OF SECTION A TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 6 SECTION B Instructions for Section B Answer all questions in the space provided. Question 1 (9 marks) Australian athlete, Sally Pearson, is the current Olympic champion in the women s 100m hurdle event. In winning this event in the 2012 London Olympics, her time was 12.35 seconds. As an elite athlete, Sally has been drug tested numerous times in her career. a. Name one illegal ergogenic aid that an athlete may use in order to enhance performance in the 100m hurdles and provide one legal alternative that could be used to give similar performance improvement. Illegal Ergogenic Aid Legal Alternative b. Outline one perceived physiological benefit and one harmful side-effect (other than heart attack or death) of the illegal ergogenic aid given in part a. Physiological Benefit Harmful Side Effect c. WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) has developed a number of violations that are deemed illegal in sport. Provide two violations that can result in WADA banning an athlete from competition. Violation 1 Violation 2
7 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED d. Describe the three roles that ASADA (Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority) have in Australian sport. 3 marks 1. 2. 3. Question 2 () Research has proven that the manipulation of oxygen levels into the body can lead to improved performance in sport. Complete the following diagram by contrasting both strategies listed TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 8 Question 3 (13 marks) As part of the VicHealth PICSAR (Participation in Community Sport and Active Recreation) program, Badminton Victoria partnered with the Centre for Multicultural Youth (CMY) to provide opportunities for refugee and migrant young people to be involved in badminton for their sport and recreation needs. Some of the elements of the program included: A local bus company provided transport and the Ballarat Badminton Association (BBA) provided coaches and barbeque lunches. A five-week introductory class and a special day targeting international students from the local university have led to many groups now playing regularly. While the sports peak body had previously focused on the elite, producing club champions, they found investing in broader community participation secured a healthier future for the sport. BBA now has a booming casual court hire trade and the stadium has become a community hub with a new pool of eager volunteers. Adapted PICSAR More than Just Sport (2007/08-2010/11) a. VicHealth realises the importance of adhering to the National Physical Activity Guidelines (NPAG). Identify the NPAG that best suits young people and explain the ability for young people to adhere to this guideline through participating in the PICSAR program. NPAG Explanation
9 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED b. Identify two levels of influence from the social-ecological model (SEM). Use an example from the PICSAR program for each level of influence identified. 4 marks Level of influence 1: Example from PICSAR program: Level of influence 2: Example from PICSAR program: c. i Use the PICSAR program to discuss the effect that multifactorial levels of influence may have on increasing involvement in physical activity. 4 marks TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 10 ii Could this program be used to increase participation in physical activity for people with a disability? Provide evidence from the current PICSAR program to justify your answer. 3 marks
11 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 4 (18 marks) Melissa is a centre player for her secondary school netball team. The following data was collected by her coach about Melissa from the first quarter of a netball match. The match consisted of 4 x 10 minute quarters. Work to Rest Ratio Work / Rest Periods Time (seconds) Shortest work period 0.61 Longest work period 11.09 Shortest rest period 1.37 Longest rest period 31.21 Work (seconds) Rest (seconds) Total 186.99 444.6 1 2.378 Ratio (approx.) 1 2 Skills and their Frequency Skill Frequency Chest Pass 9 Overhead pass 15 Catch 18 Jump 13 Guard 8 Defend 13 Leap Forwards 15 Leap Sideways 7 Change of direction 55 Centre pass 5 Locomotor Patterns Locomotion Intensity 0-5 metres 6-10 metres 11-15 metres 16+ metres Total (count) Distance Metres % Total Average Metres Walk Low 12 7 3 2 24 111 26 4.6 Jog Low- 12 7 1 1 21 147 35 7.0 Medium Sprint High 11 9 1 0 21 127 30 4.8 Shuffle Very High 18 4 0 0 22 36 9 1.6 Totals 53 27 5 3 421 100% a. Data was collected by the coach to ensure accurate application of which training principle? 1 mark TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 12 b. Identify two fitness components, one health-related and one skill-related that Melissa would require to be a successful centre player. Health-related Fitness Component Skill-related Fitness Component c. Using the data provided, justify your choices in part a above. 4 marks Health-related Skill-related d. Using the data provided, explain why a coach may consider including plyometrics training into a program for Melissa. e. Describe or draw one specific plyometrics exercise that the coach could employ as part of Melissa s training program. 1 mark
13 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED f. Using the data provided, complete the table below to provide a specific interval training session that the coach could use to improve Melissa s fitness to play as a netball centre. Sets Repetitions Time for each repetition Recovery time between repetitions Recovery time between sets 3 10 5 seconds g. With reference to data, justify your choice of: 4 marks i Recovery time between repetitions ii Recovery time between sets h. Discuss one reason why the frequency of the plyometrics sessions may differ from the frequency of the interval sessions that Melissa undertakes each week. TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 14 Question 5 (4 marks) a. Describe the trend shown by the graph. 1 mark b. Explain how an increase in cross-sectional size of muscles produces increased muscular strength. c. Research has proven that resistance training is an effective training method to use in order to increase muscular strength. Complete the table below, to show an appropriate overload for a Leg Press exercise in a resistance training program for an elite athlete. 1 mark Exercise Repetition Maximum (RM) Number of Repetitions Number of Sets Duration of rest Leg Press 80% RM 5 6 2 minutes Overload 6
15 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 6 (11 marks) A pilot program called Stand Up Victoria targets prolonged sitting and will assess the effectiveness of reducing this through a trial of standing workstations with the key messages of stand up, sit less, move more. (VicHealth Letter, Issue No. 38, p.15) a. Complete the table to identify and explain one measuring tool that could be used to assess the effectiveness of the Stand Up Victoria program in a workplace of 1000 workers and a workplace of 30 employees. 4 marks Measuring Tool 1000 employees in a workplace 30 employees in a workplace Justification b. Outline the difference between a subjective measure of physical activity and an objective measure of physical activity? c. Provide another initiative a workplace could introduce to improve physical activity levels of individuals in the workplace during work-hours? TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 16 d. i Define sedentary behaviour. 1 mark ii Would you expect the Stand Up Victoria program to address the sedentary behaviour of Victorian workplaces? Justify your answer.
17 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 7 (11 marks) Daniel is a Year 12 student who trained to compete in an 8km Fun Run. The race was held on a flat course that comprised 2 x 4km laps. On the night of the race the air temperature was 33 degrees Celsius. During the race the following data was collected via a Heart Rate monitor and GPS: DISTANCE TIME (Minutes) Average Heart Rate 1km 4:09 166 bpm 2km 4:13 172 bpm 3km 4:26 173 bpm 4km 4:23 173 bpm 5km 4:38 175 bpm 6km 4:37 175 bpm 7km 4:38 176 bpm 8km 4:13 180 bpm a. What was the predominant energy system that Daniel would have utilised during this event? 1 mark b. What would be the most specific and recognised fitness test that Daniel could have undertaken with his class to assess the most predominant energy system utilised in the 8 kilometre event? 1 mark c. For the last kilometre, Daniel s heart rate increased. Explain why this would have occurred. TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 18 d. For kilometres 5, 6 and 7 Daniel s heart rate remains in steady state but his speed slows. With reference to the data, explain why this is likely to have occurred. 3 marks e. For two hours following the event Daniel s oxygen consumption remained elevated above resting levels. Explain why this was the case. f. Identify strategy and explain how this strategy could assist Daniel to reduce the time that his oxygen consumption remained elevated during the post event period? Strategy Explanation
19 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 8 (13 marks) Jana Pittman is an Australian athlete. Prior to 2013 she represented Australia in the 400m hurdles at the summer Olympics and World Championships. Her fastest time was 53.82 seconds and she won the world championships twice. She represented Australia in the two person Bobsled at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. Jana is the breakperson which involves pushing a sleigh (with her partner in unison) on ice for approximately 50 metres in 6 seconds before loading into the bobsled to ride to the finish line. (www.olympic.org/fibt-bobsleigh) a. i Identify one major skill-related fitness component that Jana would have used in the 400m hurdles that will also be useful in the Bobsled. 1 mark ii Identify one training method that could train the fitness component in part i and justify your decision. Training method Justification iii Identify one training principle and briefly explain how it could be used to improve the fitness component you have identified in part i. Training principle Explanation TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 20 b. Jana has commented on the difference in expectation she has placed on herself and the media has placed on her between competing in the Summer and Winter Olympics. In the Summer Olympics she was expected to win a medal. However, at the Winter Olympics she hoped for a top ten finish and to enjoy the Olympic experience. i Explain how concentration may have impacted on Jana s performance at the Summer and Winter Olympics. ii Outline one strategy Jana could incorporate into her training regime to improve her concentration. iii Jana would incorporate recovery techniques into her training. Active and passive recovery are better suited to certain events. Identify the type of recovery best suited to each of Jana s events and justify your selection. 4 marks Type of recovery 400m Hurdles Bobsled Justification
21 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 9 (6 marks) This year, in October, thousands of runners will compete in the annual Melbourne Marathon. Hyponatremia is a very real, yet often ignored, hydration problem. Many factors can lead to hyponatremia, one of which is consuming too much water. a. How does hyponatremia affect performance in a marathon? b. Identify and briefly explain one strategy that could help to prevent hyponatremia. Strategy Explanation c. Marathon runners are often encouraged to consume both high glycaemic index (GI) foods and low glycaemic GI foods. Outline the most appropriate time a marathon runner should utilise each type of GI food. Low GI Foods High GI Foods TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 22 Question 10 (6 marks) a. Describe the relationship between the three energy systems as shown in the graph. b. At what time does the anaerobic glycolysis system become predominant? 1 mark c. Explain why there is a delay before the aerobic energy system becomes predominant and what occurs in the interim. d. Why does the ATP-PC energy system predominantly contribute to energy production for only a short period of time? 1 mark
23 2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED Question 11 (7 marks) Caitlin Sargent from Queensland ran the fastest 400m by an Australian female athlete in 2013. She completed the race in a time of 52.16 seconds. Caitlin would include interval training as part of her training routine. As a result of her training she would expect to develop an increase in glycolytic enzymes, an increase in contractile proteins and an increased tolerance to hydrogen ions. a. Which of the following interval sessions would be most likely to bring about these adaptations? Please circle the most appropriate session either A, B or C 1 mark Sets Repetition Number Distance (metres) Time (seconds) Recovery (seconds) A 3 8 30 4 30 B 3 5 150 20 60 C 3 5 600 120 120 b. Complete the table below to describe how an increase in each factor can lead to improved performance in the 400m by Caitlin. 6 marks Role in improving performance in the 400m event Glycolytic Enzymes Contractile Proteins Tolerance to hydrogen ions TURN OVER
2014 ACHPER VCE PHYSED 24 Question 12 (5 marks) The graph below shows a recreational runner s blood lactate concentration during two different running treadmill tests until they reach exhaustion. The second test was completed 4 months after the runner completed a regular training program. a. Identify what points labeled A and B represent. 1 mark b. Name the training method that would enable the shift from point A to B. 1 mark c. Explain the benefit of moving from point A to point B when completing the treadmill test. d. The test is completed when the runner is unable to continue, due to fatigue. What is the most likely cause of this fatigue? 1 mark END OF EXAM VCAA 2013 VCE exam format reproduced by permission.