AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #2 NAME DATE HOUR CELLULAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY EQUATION STEPWISE REDOX REACTION Oxidation: Reduction: Xe - + Y X + Ye - CH 4 + 2O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + energy C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 1
ROLE OF NAD+ PHOSPHORYLATION SUBSTRATE LEVEL OXIDATIVE STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRION Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 2
GYCOLYSIS Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 3
KREBS CYCLE Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 4
ELECTRON TRANSPORT & OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (OVERVIEW) Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 5
ELECTRON TRANSPORT & OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 6
Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 7
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION QUESTIONS 1. Use Figure 9.1 on page 148 in your textbook to answer the following questions. a. In general, describe what happens during photosynthesis. b. What are the reactants in photosynthesis? c. What are the products of photosynthesis? d. Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur? Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 8
e. In general, describe what happens during cellular respiration. f. What are the reactants in cellular respiration? g. What are the products of cellular respiration? h. Which reaction (photosynthesis or cellular respiration) is: Anabolic? Catabolic? Exergonic? Endergonic? 2. Write the summary equation for cellular respiration. 3. Most commonly glucose is represented as the molecule broken down in the respiration equation. Does this mean that glucose is the only source of energy (fuel) in cellular respiration? Explain. 4. Define: a. Oxidation: b. Reduction: 5. Cellular respiration is described as a stepwise redox reaction. a. What substance is oxidized? b. What substance is reduced? Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 9
6. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen toward oxygen in cellular respiration? How is the energy used? 7. What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration? 8. What is the role of dehydrogenases in cellular respiration? 9. Indicate if each of the following characteristics/descriptions is true of Substrate-level and Oxidative phosphorylation. Produce ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP Involves the direct transfer of a phosphate from an intermediate to ADP Couples the addition of a phosphate to ADP with the exergonic slide of electrons down the electron transport chain Oxygen used as the terminal electron acceptor Accounts for 90% of ATP production in aerobic respiration 10. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow: Outer membrane Inner membrane Cytoplasm Matrix Intermembrane space Crista High [H + ] Site of glycolysis Site of Krebs cycle Location of ATP synthase molecules Location of electron transport chain Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 10
11. Use the diagram in Question 11 to answer the following questions. a. Label the diagram by filling in the boxes with the correct molecule. b. What process is occurring in the diagram? c. Which step(s) show the transfer of a (phosphate) from ATP to an intermediate? d. Which step shows a reduction reaction? e. Which steps are included in the energy-investment phase? f. Which steps are included in the energy-yielding phase? g. Which step shows the splitting of a 6-C compound into two 3-C compounds? h. How many ATP molecules, per glucose, are used in this series of reactions? i. How many NADH, per glucose, are produced? j. How many ATP, per glucose, are produced? Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 11
12. Identify whether each of the following occurs during the energy-investment phase (EI) of glycolysis or the energy-yielding phase (EY). 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs 4 ADP + 4P 4 ATP 2 ATP molecules are used Glucose & intermediate compounds are phosphorylated Fructose 1,6-diphosphate split into two 3-C compounds 13. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow: Identify the molecule(s) represented by each of the following letters: A B C D E F G H I Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 12
14. Use the diagram on page 12 to answer the following questions: What process is occurring in the series of reactions labeled I? What process is occurring in the series of reactions labeled II? Where do these reactions occur within the cell (be specific)? Considering both sets of reactions (I and II) how many of each molecule listed below are produced per glucose molecule? Molecule # Produced per glucose Molecule # Produced per glucose NADH ATP CO 2 FADH 2 15. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow. Identify the molecules/parts represented by each letter in the diagram. A B C D E F G H I Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 13
16. Use the diagram in question 15 to answer the questions below: a. Where is this structure located within the cell (be specific)? b. Which letter represents: High H+ concentration? Low H+ concentration? Mitochondria matrix? Inner membrane? Intermembrane space? c. Describe what is happening in this diagram. 17. As electrons are transported through the electron transport chain to oxygen, they lose potential energy. This energy is used to do what work? 18. The electrons from 1 NADH results in the production of 3 ATP molecules while the electrons from 1 FADH 2 results in the production of 2 ATP molecules. Why is there a difference? Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 14
19. Each NADH generated during glycolysis results in the production of 2ATP molecules while each NADH generated during the Krebs cycle results in the production of 3 ATP molecules. Why is there a difference? 20. Account for the 36 ATP molecules produced from the complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule. 21. Some desert animals such as the kangaroo rat never have to drink water. Explain how kangaroo rats can obtain the water they need to survive from the dry seeds they eat. 22. How is aerobic respiration different from anaerobic respiration? Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration 23. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation. Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 15
24. Describe what happens during alcohol fermentation. 25. Define the following terms: a. Strict aerobes: b. Strict anaerobes: c. Facultative anaerobes: Cellular Energetics Activity #2 page 16