15 moths/wk Arctiid larvae Spotted cutworm larvae Bertha Armyworm larvae 75 moths/wk Lacanobia larvae 5-1% Infested shoots 5-1% Infested shoots Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Working Lacanobia thresholds???
Adults begin flying in late April through June and again in early July through September The characteristic herringbone pattern appears after molt to 4th instar Larvae present from early June through July and mid-august through Sept. Similarity to other pests can confound management decisions An understanding of the complex of lepidopteran infesting orchards is critical to implementing an integrated management program
Beating tray sampling important to ensure species identification Foliage feeding should be noted while using beating trays, % infested shoots is important measure of density It is important to record damage consistent with lacanobia phenology Larval samples indicated that many lepidopteran were feeding in orchards Not all caterpillars cause significant damage and are in trees for only a short time
Traps should be placed near the time of codling moth biofix Lures should last for an entire generation Larval infestations resulting in 1% infested shoots were not detected in orchards with less than 85 moths/week as a peak catch in the first generation and 15 moths/week during the second generation
Bertha armyworm-probably most easily confused with lacanobia Appearance and phenology closely associated between the two species Difference in pattern on larvae not apparent until the 4th instar Spotted cutworm- overwinters as larva, therefore phenology slightly different Feeding most often problematic early in spring as bud feeding Appearance is significantly different (very hairy) but feeding by neonates can be confusing High infestations of either LR or lacanobia can result in tattered leaves, therefore making it difficult to detect the other species Appearance and behavior very different, however neonate feeding can be confusing
Bertha armyworm Lacanobia fruitworm Herringbone pattern Spotted cutworm Note difference in pattern on last segments
Several leafrollers Arctiids (woolly bear) Geometrids (loopers) Other noctuids
No. larvae/5 beating trays 4 First generation 3 Threshold 2 1 5 1 15 % Infested shoots 2 25 3 % Fruit injury.6 Second generation.4 Threshold.2 1 2 3 4 5 % Infested shoots
% Infested shoots 3 2 Threshold 1 1 2 3 Maximum trap catch/week 4 5 % Infested shoots 4 3 2 1 Threshold 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maximum trap catch/week
Success applied as 2 applications of 6 fl oz/acre at hatch, repeat at 1 day Lorsban applied as 1 application of 3 lb/acre as larvae are turning brown Treatments applied to 1/3 acre plots replicated 3 times Application by airblast sprayer at 1 gal/acre (4X concentrate) Samples taken approximately 1 and 2 months after treatment Avg % fruit inj 2. 1.6 1.2.8.4 % Fruit inj. % Inf. Shoots Avg % shoot infestation 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Success Lorsban Untreated
Surround applied at 5 lbs/acre as 3 applications per oviposition or hatch timing and 6 applications across the oviposition and hatch period Pyrellin applied at 1.5 pt/acre as 2 applications at hatch, repeat at 1 day Treatments applied to 1/3 acre plots replicated 3 times Application by airblast sprayer at 1 gal/acre (4X concentrate) Samples taken approximately 1 and 2 months after treatment Avg no. of larvae/beating tray 4 3 2 1 Larvae/tray % Inf. Shoots Avg % infested shoots 1 8 6 4 2 Surroundoviposition Surroundhatch Surroundovip+hatch Pyrellin Untreated
Chemical Lorsban 5 WP Thiodan 5 WP Malathion 5% EC Success 2 SC Confirm 2 F Imidan 7 WP Sevin XLR Guthion 5 WP Corr. % mortality (rates shown as multiple of the standard field rate (1X).3X 1. 1. ----- 77. 2. ----- ----- 4. 1.X 1. 1. 1. 96. 84. 33. 16.7 4. 3.X 1. 1. ---- 1. ---- ---- ---- 4. Standard leaf-dip bioassay technique. Evaluated mortality at 48hrs with all insecticides except Confirm 2 F (7 days) Further tests planned for evaluating Bt strains, Intrepid and Cryolite