Proteiner fra sjømatfokus på blodglukoseregulering og overvekt/fedme Even Fjære NIFES; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research
Obesity and related metabolic disturbances Obesity definition: abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health Metabolic syndrome: Reduced glucose tolerance-increased fasting blood glucose Insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia) Dyslipidemia (increased TAG, reduced HDL) Ectopic fat accumulation (in non adipose tissue: liver, muscle) Low grade inflammation http://herb.co/2016/02/01/odd-science-behind-marijuana-metabolism/
Obesity and food
Obesity; observational studies «High energy» food Pommes frites Read meat Processed meat Refined sugar Soft drinks w/wo sugar Vegetables Bean and legumes Whole grain Fish and seafood
Intervention studies? 324 young overweight young aduts - energy-restriction for 8 weeks - 150g fish 3 times per week - 1 kg more weight loss
Western diets Beef sirloin, pork tenderloin and chicken breast Rosefish, wolf fish, ling, cod, and scallops 30 C Holm et al., J Nutr. Biochem 31 (2016) 127-136
Western diets Lean seafood; Reduced energy intake and attenuated obesity development Holm et al., J Nutr. Biochem 31 (2016) 127-136
Comparing the obesogenic potential of cod and pangasius Cod High omega-3 (in PL) Pangasius hypophthalmus High omega-6 (in PL) Fjære, Myrmel et al., In preparation
Exchanging cod with pangasius exaggerates obesity development Fjære, Myrmel et al., In preparation
Exchanging cod with pangasius exaggerates hepatic lipid accumulation and worsen glucose homeostasis Glucose tolerance test Fjære, Myrmel et al., In preparation
Cod and pangasius affect the composition of the colon gut microbiota in a different manner Un weighted Unifrac PCoA Is plot casein using as effective motu in (operational preventing taxonomic obesity units) at temperatures below thermoneutrality? Permanova test; all protein diets differ, p<0.006, at motu and genus levels No difference between chicken and chicken R Fjære, Myrmel et al., In preparation
Rodent diet Casein Human diet Low content of sulfur containing AA High content of BCAA, valine, leucine and isoleucine
Proteins are not equal 30 C Liisberg, Myrmel et al., 2016, Adipocyte 5 (2); 196-211
Proteins are not equal 30 C Liisberg, Myrmel et al., 2016, Adipocyte 5 (2); 196-211
Proteins are not equal 30 C Liisberg, Myrmel et al., 2016, Adipocyte 5 (2); 196-211
To further compare casein, cod and pork Smaller lipid droplets in ibat from casein fed mice HF/HS HFHP-Casein HFHP-Cod HFHP-Pork H&E staining Liisberg, Myrmel et al., 2016, Adipocyte 5 (2); 196-211
Smaller lipid droplets in ibat from casein fed mice The UCP1 protein allows uncoupling of the mitochondria and heat production
To further compare casein, cod and pork Smaller lipid droplets in ibat from casein fed mice HF/HS HFHP-Casein HFHP-Cod HFHP-Pork UCP1 staining H&E staining 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm 100 µm Liisberg, Myrmel et al., 2016, Adipocyte 5 (2); 196-211
Is a high protein diet with cod more efficient than a high protein diet with pork to reverse obesity? High fat/ high sucrose diet (mixed protein) HF/HS cont With or without caloric restriction High fat, high protein diets 6 weeks 30 C Casein Cod Pork
Ad libitum High fat high protein diets are unable to reverse obesity unless combined with energy restriction 30% Energy restriction Compared with pork; cod protects against loss of muscle mass Myrmel, Fjære, Fauske, Bernhard et al., In preparation
Is a low fat diet with cod more efficient than a low fat diet with pork to reverse obesity? Standard high fat diet High fat diet cont With or without caloric restriction Low fat diets 6 weeks 30 C Casein Cod Pork
Low fat diets decrease fat mass Ad libitum % Energy restriction 30% Energy restriction Compared with pork; cod leads to increased muscle mass Myrmel, Fjære, Fauske, Bernhard et al., In preparation
The white-like appearance of ibat is partly reversed Energy restriction Myrmel, Fjære, Fauske, Bernhard et al., In preparation
What about salmon? High fat, high sucrose (HF/HS) (mixed protein souses) With or without exercise 8 weeks HF/HS 30 C Low fat salmon Low fat entrcôte
Voluntary exercise enhances low fat diet induced fat mass loss; no difference between entrecote and salmon fed mice Fjære, Myrmel et al., to be submitted
Voluntary exercise enhances the reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol levels induced by a shift to a low fat diet containing salmon as the protein source Fjære, Myrmel et al., To be submitted
Summary Compared with meat from terrestrial animals, seafood protects against diet-induced obesity and fatty liver in mice Reduction in feed intake (satiety) Increased activity Protection against whitening of brown adipocytes Microbiota? High protein diets do not reverse obesity - During weight loss; compared with meat from terrestrial animals, seafood proteins protects against loss of muscle mass The dietary effects of different protein sources on body weight development and fat mass gain is less prominent during energy restriction or in LF diets
Thanks to: NIFES, Bergen; Norway Lise Madsen* Lene Secher Myrmel* Annette Bernhard Kristin Fauske Livar Frøyland Bjørn Liaset University of Copenhagen Karsten Kristiansen Si Sonne Brask Institute of Metagenomics BGI-Shenzhen Zhongkui Xia Liang Xiao Czech Academy of Sciences Department of Adipose Tissue Biology Ondrej Kuda Jan Kopecky
Hydrolyzed casein or salmon protein diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome