Cannabis trends in France TDI data Tanja Bastianić High risk drug use and drug treatment in Europe 2014 Lisbon, September 2014
Cannabis in general population in France 2 2
Cannabis in France Cannabis is by far the most widely used illicit substance in France (~ 3.8 million people consumed cannabis in the last year). In 2010, among adults aged 18 to 64 years, around 33% admitted having used cannabis during their lifetime, and 4% in the past 30 days. France is one of the countries with highest cannabis prevalence especially among teenagers. Cannabis use amongadolescents 2010/2011 (%) 50 40 30 20 28 39 42 11 years old 13 15 16 14 24 22 10 0 1 6 Lifetime 17 Past 30 days Source: HBSC 2010, ESPAD 2011, ESCAPAD 2011, OFDT 3 3
Cannabis use among young adults (15-30 years old) Cannabis use mainly concern the youngest age group and this is especially true with current cannabis use: The proportion of cannabis users during the last 30 days is less than 2% in 31-64 age group versus 10% among 15-30 years old. The proportions reach nearly zero among 50 years old or older. 50 44.4 45 40 35 30 26.7 25 19 20 15 10 3.8 5 0 Lifetime use in the past Source: Health Barometer survey 2010, yearinpes 10.7 use in the past month 15-30 years 31-64 years 5.1 1.9 2.6 0.9 0.5 regular use daily use 4 4
Problem cannabis use Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) CAST a tool to identify problem cannabis use. Cannabis use is decreasing with age while addiction risk (low or high) remains stable (about 20%) until the age of 54. Men more likely to have problem cannabis use than women. Among users in the last year (%) Among total (%) Low addiction risk High addiction risk Low addiction risk High addiction risk Total 15-64 years 21,1 20,2 1,8 1,7 15-19 years 18,1 14,6 3,4 2,8 20-25 years 20,8 22,8 4,6 5,0 26-34 years 24,0 23,2 3,3 3,2 35-44 years 19,0 20,9 1,0 1,1 44-54 years 25,2 16,4 0,6 0,4 55-64 years 14,9 4,7 0,1 0,0 Men 23,8 22,7 2,8 2,7 Women 14,9 14,7 0,8 0,8 Source: Health Barometer survey 2010, INPES 5 5
Trends in cannabis use Among young adults (15-30 years old), trends appear relatively stable. Among 17 years old, a long trend from 2000 to 2011 can be observed. There has been a significant decrease since 2005. Lifetime use since 2000 (%) Boys (17 year olds) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Girls (17 year olds) 54.6 53.3 53.1 50.1 46.3 44.0 45.7 47.2 45.5 40.9 37.9 38.9 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Source : ESCAPAD 2000/2002/2003/2005/2008/2011, OFDT 6 6
What about cannabis users treated in specialized treatment centres in France? 7 7
TDI in France Since 2004 94 questions: TDI questions + 4 other drugs + hospitalisation + imprisonment + suicide attempt + others Collecting data also on alcohol as a primary drug Collecting data on new clients but also on continuous treatments More than 200 specialized treatment centres collecting TDI data (coverage rate about 75%) In 2012: 126 673 clients in treatment centres and among them 22 963 with cannabis problem 8 8
Total number of cannabis users in specialised treatment centres Nb of treatment centres % cannabis among all 24,000 22,000 101 118 130 132 128 131 150 20,000 76 18,000 32.3 28.9 28.8 28.5 26.7 24.5 24.5 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Nb of cannabis users 12,264 16,458 17,320 19,371 21,072 18,951 21,017 22,963 Source: RECAP 2005-2012, OFDT 9 9
Three groups of clients in treatment centres: based on primary drug and OST Cannabis Users with cannabis problem (primary drug) Not under OST Mean age 26 years Illicit drugs other than cannabis Mostly problem with opioids and/or cocaine Under OST Often poly-drug users Mean age 36 years Alcohol Received in alcohol treatment centres Mean age 42 years 10 10
Mean age Not increasing since 2010 for cannabis users 50.0 45.0 42.7 43.0 42.4 42.3 42.2 42.0 41.9 43.0 40.0 35.0 32.9 33.6 34.0 34.2 35.2 35.9 37.1 35.0 30.0 25.0 23.3 24.3 24.9 25.2 25.5 25.9 25.7 25.7 20.0 15.0 10.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Cannabis Illicit drugs other than cannabis Alcohol Source: RECAP 2005-2012, OFDT 11 11
Sociodemographic profile (1) Cannabis Living with the family (49%) Without children (81%) Stable accommodation (85%) Students (23%) Never previously treated (77%) Illicit drugs other than cannabis Living alone (36%) With children (44%) Less often in stable accommodation (74%) Receiving social benefits (44% vs 23% in cannabis group) Previously treated (68%) Alcohol Living alone (37%) With children (56%) Stable accommodation (88%) Regularly employed (42%) Previously treated (68%) 12 12
Sociodemographic profile (2) Stability... especially since 2010 100.0 90.0 87.2 88.1 80.0 85.4 80.6 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 57.9 37.2 32.5 44.6 49.5 39.7 Men Stable independent accomodation Without children Living with parents Employement income Secondary level of education 20.0 10.0 0.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: RECAP 2005-2012, OFDT 13 13
Source of referral Court/Probation/Police decreasing Self referred increasing 60.0 50.0 50.3 53.4 56.6 55.1 55.0 51.4 50.9 48.2 Self refered 40.0 Family / Friends Other drug treatment 30.0 20.0 10.0 22.0 20.6 20.3 19.2 18.7 18.5 19.1 19.1 13.2 11.9 9.8 9.8 9.1 9.8 9.9 10.7 General Practicioner Hospital / Other medical source Social services Court / Probation / Police Other 0.0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: RECAP 2005-2012, OFDT 14 14
Frequency of use Women are more often regular consumers 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 56 66 60 18 13 17 12 9 11 14 11 12 Men Women Total Source: RECAP 2012, OFDT daily 2-3 days per week once a week or less once a month or less / occasional 15 15
Second product consumed Other Substances 2% Opioids 4% Hallucinogens 1% Stimulants 2% Hypnotics and Sedatives 1% Cocaine 7% Tobacco 47% Hypnotics and Sedatives Other 4% Substances 9% Hallucinogen s 3% Cannabis 23% Stimulants 2% Alcohol 36% Cannabis as 1st product Tobacco 11% Cocaine 14% Alcohol 16% Opioids 18% Illicit drugs other than cannabis Source: RECAP 2012, OFDT 16 16
Hospitalisation, suicide attempt and imprisonment rate increasing! HIV hospitalization suicide attempt imprisonment 60 50 40 30 20 10 40 30 24 6 8 48 44 43 38 32 28 36 27 5 5 5 4 4 5 19 18 14 15 12 11 10 2 3 2 2 37 33 30 26 32 3 2 2 39 35 3 25 5 23 22 22 23 19 18 18 17 3 3 3 3 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Illicit drugs other than cannabis Cannabis Alcohol Source: RECAP 2005-2012, OFDT 17 17
Cannabis use : a long-standing issue in France It seems that France has a stable or falling trend in cannabis use in general population in the last years, having observed an important increase at the beginning of the years 2000. Cannabis users treated in specialised treatment centres are young (26 years) with relatively stable living conditions, mostly (85%) not consuming other illicit drugs. TDI data confirm that the sociodemographic profile of cannabis users remains stable, especially since 2010. 18 18
Merci! tanja.bastianic@ofdt.fr 19