www new psychoactive substances: awareness & responses
aims & objectives what are nps? the history some case studies what can I do?
quiz Using a Smart phone go to: kahoot.it Wait for the code to come up and then type it in
definition: problems of doing so psychoactive substance means any substance which (a) is capable of producing a psychoactive effect in a person who consumes it, and (b) is not an exempted substance (alcohol, nicotine, caffine, painkillers, drugs already classified under the missue of drugs act etc.)
a key statistic: emcdda 2016 report First time drop off since 2008 specifically synthetic cannabinoids, the nps of choice for yp
drugs trends are constantly changing 2000 s mephedrone ( MCAT ) 2010 s synthetic cannabinoid ( SPICE ) what does this show us?
psychoactive substances act 2016: a reflection what has changed? shops shut down internet buying or own production only way allowed the return of older favourites : mdma
remember the role of technology emerging trends: new psychoactive substances:
background: emerging trends: new psychoactive substances:
think families: Outer ring: Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 or The Human Medicines Regulations 2012 Inner ring: Controlled under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 emerging trends: new psychoactive substances:
case study synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists brand names are not reliable indicators of what is consumed constituents and dosages vary greatly between products and between batches difference in packets. Uneven spraying and bottom of the bag some contain more than 1 SCRA, on average 2.6 substances per packet some stimulant drugs have been named SPICE to get sales!
what am I getting? Classical cannabinoids (e.g. HU-210) Cyclohexylphenols (e.g. CP 47,497 and homologues of CP 47,497) Naphthoylindoles (e.g. JWH- 018, JWH-073 and JWH-398) Naphthylmethylindenes Naphthoylpyrroles Naphthylmethylindoles Phenylacetylindoles (i.e. benzoylindoles, e.g. JWH-250) NPS 2016
synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists approximately 200 different SCRA s exist the largest reported NPS in UK, Europe & Globally (2015) Classically smoked as a herbal preparation : inert herbal mixture + liquid/sprayed on = classic SC Now seeing a rise in oral, powder and injectable forms Can even be sold as an e-liquid (for use in electronic cigarettes)
synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists SCRAs and natural cannabis (THC) bind to the CB1 and CB2 receptors. The greater the affinity to the CB1 receptor, the higher the psycho-pharmacological activity of the agonist compound SCRA have a much higher affinity for those receptors, therefore stronger effects Remember, similar to THC but not the same. May have other biological actions, which may explain some of the differences in severity and toxicity Have the potential to activate high levels of serotonin receptors meaning potential risk of serotonin toxicity Do not contain cannabidiol (CBD) which regulates THC in cannabis
the changing shape of cannabis & its alternatives THC Tetrahydrocannabinol classic cannabis herbal & resin CBD cannabinol
the changing shape of cannabis & its alternatives THC Tetrahydrocannabinol skunk cannabis CBD cannabinol
the changing shape of cannabis & its alternatives Synthetic version of THC Synthetic Cannabinoids???
case study white powders stimulants, empathogens & dissociatives
white powders mdma pmma cocaine ketamine mephedrone mephamphetaimine
white powders: why? stimulant/empathogens: party/enjoyment chemsex: increasing sexual enjoyment, particularly m2m
case study fentanyl opioid
fentanyl: what is this? synthetic opioid primarily used in hospitals for severe pain 50 times stronger than morphine bought illicitly online compound not always mixed effectively seen in the media: Prince death but not currently popular for young people
fentanyl: challenge the myth adult population small amounts of use in UK no clear indication of entrenched use
harm reduction: if someone is going to use, what can we say? always a naïve user grain of rice/matchstick head allow time before re-dosing mental health/wellbeing: what s the impact? poly-use: avoid remember these are drugs!
let us put this into some context but what happens if that s not there? or the supermarket is shut and the only option is a smaller shop? if we want a cola drink we have to compromise. it might not be as good or it may be better than we thought if it is not as good, next time we go back we return to what we know
we go with what we know new psychoactive substances? cannabis? mdma? alcohol?
nps: what should we do? think family, not drug effective screening referral pathways safeguarding decisions made the same as with any other substance misuse issue
nps: screening not what do you use? instead why do you use? what does it do to you? what or who does it effect? what changes do you want to make?
nps: referral effective screening gives you the information how do you sell a referral for support?
some final thoughts what action are you going to take away from this? what can your team do differently?
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Resources referenced in powerpoint: https://kahoot.com/ free game based learning platform http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/edr2016 Latest trends, prevalence and concerns in Europe https://www.addaction.org.uk/ NPS report views from young people on trends www.thedrugswheel.com categories of drugs, effects and interventions If you require advice, information or support please do not hesitate to contact CGL Wakefield Jeanette.owens@cgl.org.uk. 07917200969 or 01924 831114