Applied Mechanics and Materials Submitted: 2014-08-11 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 675-677, pp 233-236 Accepted: 2014-08-16 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.233 Online: 2014-10-08 2014 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Survey and Analysis of the Cognition of Urban Residents on the Food Hygiene and Safety in Natural Disasters Haicheng Hong 1, a Min Xu 2,b* 1 College of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China 2 College of Nursing, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China a 33397254@qq.com, b xm0322@163.com *Corresponding author : Min Xu Keywords: Residents; Natural disasters; Food hygiene; Cognition Abstract. Multistage sampling method was used to sort all cities, counties and districts in Jilin area, and stratified random convenience was applied to take the samples. According to the number of people in the pre-experiment and the number of questionnaire topics, 700 residents who had lived in the area more than a year were selected. Urban residents in Jilin area could understand the natural disaster-related knowledge and their attention to it should be higher, but their knowledge and behaviors in food hygiene-related knowledge and behaviors in natural disasters were worrying. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of food hygiene in natural disasters. TV, radio, newspapers and networks are important sources of relevant information and knowledge for the majority of residents. Different means should be taken in the publicity and training of food hygiene-related knowledge in natural disasters according to their education background. Introduction Natural disasters are characterized by strength, severe damage and difficulty to predict, resulting in the destruction of balance between people and their living ecological environment, and simultaneously some serious consequences, such as the significant damage to human food resources, and outbreaks of infectious diseases and foodborne diseases, which sometimes can cause a casualty exceeding that caused by the disaster itself. When public health problems come one after another and many factors related to the prevalence of infectious diseases are exposed, food hygiene and safety becomes an important part of disaster relief and disease prevention [1]. Therefore, it is necessary to find a breakthrough point in the process of disaster relief and disease prevention by considering characteristics of the local residents, seize the key points, strengthen the weak points and implement targeted prevention and control measures in disasters, in which the cognition of local residents in the disaster area should be very important. In this study, the awareness rate of natural disasters and disaster food hygiene issues in urban residents in Jilin area was investigated from March to May 2014. Subjects Multistage sampling method was used to sort all cities, counties and districts in Jilin area, and stratified random convenience was applied to take samples. According to the number of people in the pre-experiment and the number of questionnaire topics, residents who had lived in the area more than a year were selected, aging from 18 to 74 years, and with clear awareness, reading and writing abilities and active capacities. Finally, 700 urban residents willing to cooperate in this investigation and consistent with the criteria described above were selected as the survey subjects. All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications, www.ttp.net. (ID: 130.203.136.75, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA-19/02/16,19:30:29)
234 Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II Methods Survey tools. A self-designed closed-book and open-ended questionnaire was used as the survey tool. The questionnaire included two parts: the first part was the general situation, including gender, age, occupation, education and disaster experience; the second part was the survey on the awareness of urban residents on the food hygiene knowledge, attitude and behavioral cognition in natural disasters. The questionnaire was designed based on the purpose of the survey, the consultation of relevant literature at home and abroad, and the opinion of experts, and was timely revised and improved on the basis of pre-investigation. Survey methods. During the survey, the questionnaire and the training of investigators were conducted, the identical instructor was responsible for the unified explanation for the subjects and the investigators, and the questionnaires were distributed at the subjects homes and withdrawn on the spot. Data analysis. The data of close-book questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS17.0 software. The data were described in each variable. X 2 test and t-test were used for the analysis of data. Results General information. 700 Questionnaires were distributed and 687 of them were withdrawn, namely, the withdrawal rate of questionnaires was 98.14%; there were 677 valid questionnaires, that is, the effective withdrawal rate was 96.71%. of the survey subjects, there were 371 males (54.8%) and 306 female (45.2%); the subjects aged from 18 to 65 years, and the mean age was 43.9 ± 7.3 years; 193 subjects with junior high school or lower education (28.5%), 219 with high school (including technical secondary school) education (32.4%) and 265 junior college or higher education (39.1%). Scores in the knowledge. There were 22 questions in the questionnaires, 1 point for one correct answer and 0 point for one wrong answer or no answer to a question, and the total score was 22 points. The results showed that the average total score of urban residents in the awareness of food hygiene in natural disasters was 12.7 ± 4.3 points. Correct answer rate. The correct answer rate could reflect the understanding of the knowledge and behavior in the food hygiene in natural disasters in the urban residents. The results are shown in Table 1. Factors affecting the cognitive score Based on the their scores in the food hygiene knowledge in natural disasters, the urban residents were divided into a high-score group (their score higher than the average knowledge score) and a low-score group (their scores lower than the average knowledge score), which were analyzed with univariate analysis. The results showed that their score levels might be related their occupation and education (p<0.05). The results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the degree of education should be one of factors affecting the cognitive score, as shown in Table 2.
Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 675-677 235 Urban residents' attitudes to food hygiene-related behaviors in disasters. The results are shown in Table 3. Table 1. Understanding of the knowledge and behavior in the food hygiene in natural disasters in the urban residents (n=677) Survey contents Correct answer number of (n) Correct answer rate (%) Types of natural disasters 476 70.3% Food hygiene-related knowledge 312 46.1% Food hygiene-related issues caused by natural disasters 394 58.2% Food contamination types 275 40.6% Food poisoning high-incidence stage in onset seasons 428 63.2% infectiousness 372 55.0% clinical characters 248 36.6% emergency measures 389 57.5% prevention methods 341 50.4% Food hygiene behavior not drinking unboiled water 546 80.6% eating cooked food 427 63.1% correctly keeping and using tableware 305 45.1% washing hands before eating and after toilet 422 62.3% correctly handling residual foods 379 56.0% separately making raw and cooked food 386 57.2% Table 2 Logistic regression analysis on factors affecting urban residents scores in the cognition of food hygiene-related knowledge Factors β s Waldx2 p OR (95%CI) Education background 0.229 0.081 12.347 0.001 1.335 (1.098-1.446) Constant -0.417 0.199 6.034 0.021 0.652 Table 3 Urban residents' attitudes to food hygiene-related behaviors in natural disasters (n=677) Contents Number of correct answer (n) Ratio(%) To acquire food hygiene-related knowledge in disasters expected 629 92.9% not so expected 36 5.3% Related information and report paying more attention to 542 80.1% never paying any attention to 135 19.9% Path ways to acquire the knowledge newspaper, broadcast and TV 448 66.1% micro-blog, micro-letter and network 326 48.2% interpersonal communication 213 31.5% propaganda materials 137 20.2% notice and wall newspaper 48 7.1% community lecture 12 1.8%
236 Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II Discussion The survey results showed that urban residents in Jilin area could understand the natural disaster-related knowledge and their attention to it should be higher, but their knowledge and behaviors in food hygiene in natural disasters were worrying. Food hygiene is associated with the safety of residents so that it is an important part of the health surveillance in natural disasters, and an important issue to make the urban residents trust the government and maintain social stability and national security [2, 3]. The study indicates that it is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of food hygiene, food contamination, especially food poisoning, focus on the emergency measures and prevention of foodborne diseases to raise the precaution awareness, so that the potential safety hazards in food hygiene after natural disasters can be reduced. Most residents attention to food hygiene and safety problems caused by natural was closely related to the propaganda through TV, radio, newspapers, networks and other ways. However, the interpersonal communication and community lecture were also important since they were important sources of relevant information and knowledge for the majority of residents [4]. Scores of the urban residents in the knowledge of food hygiene in natural disasters were related to their education background, indicating that education background should be one of factor to affecting the cognition of residents on food hygiene in natural disasters. This result was not entirely consistent with the conclusions of foreign literature [5], which may be due to the difference in factors grouping and scores grouping. In order to raise the awareness and ability of urban residents, the cultural level of the residents should be considered and different means should be taken in the publicity and training of food hygiene-related knowledge in natural disasters according to their education background. Summary Urban residents knowledge and behaviors in food hygiene-related knowledge and behaviors in natural disaster in Jilin area were worrying. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of food hygiene, food contamination, especially food poisoning, focus on the emergency measures and prevention of foodborne diseases. TV, radio, newspapers and networks are important sources of relevant information and knowledge for the majority of residents. Different means should be taken in the publicity and training of food hygiene-related knowledge in natural disasters according to their education background. References [1] Zhao Yuqin, Liu Wei, Yuan Hui, et al. Consequence Evaluation of Extra Large Flood Disaster in Fuzhou City at the Public Health Stage [J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health Management, 2013,12 (29): 707-709 [2] Wang Xuming, Shi Shenggang, Wang Tao, et al. Hygiene Problems and Solutions to Yushu Earthquake Headquater[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine Information, 2011,4(27): 281-283 [3] Jiang Peizhen. Foodborne diseases and health. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, [M] 2006: 2-3 [4] Xu Min, Gao Ling, Zhang Lijuan. Intervention effect of interpersonal guidance on the elderly nutrition and health education and correlation between them [J]. Chinese Journal of gerontology, 2011, 3(31): 1039-1041 [5] David PE,Cheryl W,Jonathan F,et al Difference in individual-level terrorism preparedness in Los Angeles County [J] American Journal Preventive Medicine, 2006, 30(1): 1-6
Environmental Technology and Resource Utilization II 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.675-677 Survey and Analysis of the Cognition of Urban Residents on the Food Hygiene and Safety in Natural Disasters 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.675-677.233