Mycosystema 菌物学报 15 January 2008, 27(1): 29-38 jwxt@im.ac.cn ISSN1672-6472 CN11-5180Q 2008 Institute of Microbiology, CAS, all rights reserved. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from soil in tropical primordial rain forest of Jianfengling, Hainan Province of ChinaⅠ ZHANG Yue-Li ZHANG Tian-Yu * WANG Hong-Feng Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai an 271018, China Abstract: A total of 66 isolates of soil dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 28 species in 22 genera was found from 22 soil samples in tropical primordial rain forest of Jianfengling in Hainan Island. Among them, the genera Beltraniopsis, Domingoella and Phaeoisaria are recorded for the first time in China, while Acrophialophora fusispora, Beltraniopsis esenbeckiae, Domingoella asterinarum, Phaeoisaria clematidis and Stachybotrys nephrospora are new record species to China. Descriptions and illustrations are given based on Chinese isolates. Dried cultures and living cultures studied have been deposited in Herbarium of Shandong Agricultural University: Plant Pathology (HSAUP). Key words: taxonomy, soil fungi, Chinese new records 22 soil samples were collected from tropical primordial rain forest of Jianfengling, Hainan Province from the altitude of 740m to 810m. Sixty six isolates of dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 28 species in 22 genera were obtained. Descriptions and illustrations based on Chinese isolates are given as follows. The works of Ellis (1971, 1976) are the main references for species identification. Acrophialophora fusispora (Saksena) M. B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 533, 1971. Fig. 1 Paecilomyces fusisporus Saksena, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 32: 187, 1953. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 30570005 & 30499340) * Corresponding author. E-mail: tyzhang1937@yahoo.com.cn Received: 15-04-2007, accepted: 26-07-2007
30 Mycosystema Fig. 1 Acrophialophora fusispora (Saksena) M. B. Ellis: Conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells (ex HSAUP 05 2331). Colonies on PDA at 25 in 14 days effuse, felted, greyish brown, black in reverse, 3cm diameter. Mycelium mostly superficial, partly immersed; hyphae branched, septate, pale brown. Conidiophores straight, cylindrical, tapering gradually towards the apex, septate, brown, echinulate, simple with a terminal phialide and other single phialides, verticles just beneath the apex. Phialides flask-shaped, bearing a narrow, cylindrical neck, colorless, smooth, 9-15μm long, 3-5μm thick in the broadest part. Conidia in long chains, 0-septate, with obvious spiral bands, limoniform, pale brown, 7-11 3-5μm. Isolated from sample HN 56, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2331. It is a new record for China. Acrophialophora levis Samson & T. Mahmood, Acta Bot. Neerl. 19 (6): 807, 1970. Isolated from samples: HN 54, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2359; HN 56, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2331; HN 59, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2337. Beltraniopsis esenbeckiae Batista & Bezerra, Publções Inst. Micol. Recife 296: 1-13, 1960. Fig. 2 Colonies on PDA at 25 in 14 days effuse, downy, dark brown. 2.5-3cm diameter. Mycelium mostly superficial, partly immersed, setae simple, brown, smooth, septate, up to 450μm long, 6-9μm thick at the base. Conidiophores macronematous,
Vol.27 No.1 31 mononematous, straight, smooth, up to 450μm long, 6-9μm thick except the apex, the stip of conidiophores being a modified seta. Conidiogenous cells with several cylindrical denticals, integrated, terminal on branches, polyblastic, cylindrical, pale brown; discrete cells swollen, ellipsoidal, 6-8.5 4-5μm. Fig. 2 Beltraniopsis esenbeckiae Batista & Bezerra: Conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells (ex HSAUP 05 2311). http://journals.im.ac.cn/jwxtcn
32 Mycosystema Conidia with a hyaline transverse band, solitary, acropleurogenous, rostrate, 0-septate, pale brown, smooth, 20-25 4-6μm. Isolated from sample HN 82, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2311. It is a new record species for China. Bipolaris hawaiiensis (M. B. Ellis) Uchida & Aragaki, Phytopathology 69: 1115, 1979. Drechslera hawaiiensis M. B. Ellis, Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 415, 1971. Isolated from samples: HN 78, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2343; HN 54, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2346. Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penzig, Michelia 2: 473, 1882. Isolated from samples: HN 77, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2477; HN 84, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2370. Cordana pauciseptata Preuss, Linnaea 24: 129, 1851. Isolated from sample HN 83, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2445. Curvularia lunata Boedijn, Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, 3 Serie 13 (1): 127, 1933. Isolated from samples: HN 76, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 810m, HSAUP 05 2333; HN 73, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2396; HN 81, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2395. Curvularia tuberculata B. L. Jain, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 45: 539, 1962. Isolated from sample HN 59, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2345. Domingoella asterinarum Petrak & Cif., Annls. Mycol. 30: 339-340, 1932. Fig. 3 Colonies on PDA at 25 in 7 days effuse, greyish-olivaceous, hairy, 2.5-3cm diameter. Mycelium superficial, pale brown; hyphae forming an anastomosing network. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight, smooth, pale brown, unbranched, cylindrical, up to 150μm long, 2-3μm thick, swollen at the base, 4-6μm thick. Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical. Conidia with a thick wall, solitary, acrogenous, spherical with a narrow, cylindrical bulgy dowel at the base, 0-septate, pale to mid brown, 8-13μm diameter. Isolated from sample HN 78, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 1999. It is a new record species for China. Doratomyces microsporus (Sacc.) F. J. Morton & G. Smith, Mycol. Pap. 86: 77, 1963. Stysanus microsporus Sacc., Michelia 1: 275, 1878. Isolated from samples: HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2456; HN 63, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2461; HN 64, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2431; HN 74, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2425; HN 79, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 780m, HSAUP 05 2418; HN 81, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2487. Gliomastix cerealis (P. Karst.) C. H. Dickinson, Mycol. Pap. 115: 19, 968. Acremonium cereale (P. Karst.) W. Gams [as 'cerealis'], Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze
Vol.27 No.1 33 (Stuttgart): 88, 1971. Fig. 3 Domingoella asterinarum Petrak & Cif.: Conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells (ex HSAUP 05 1999). http://journals.im.ac.cn/jwxtcn
34 Mycosystema Isolated from samples: HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2457; HN 73, dark soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2432; HN 82, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2295; HN 83, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2276; HN 84, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2299. Gliomastix murorum (Croda) S. Hughes, Can, J. Bot. 36: 769, 1958. Isolated from samples: HN 58, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2319; HN 64, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2495; HN 76, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 810m, HSAUP 05 2478; HN 77, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2419. Gonytrichum macrocladum (Sacc.) S. Hughes, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 34: 565-568, 1951. Chaetopsis macroclada Sacc., Michelia 1: 79, 1877. Isolated from samples: HN 70, dark soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2471; HN 82, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2361; HN 83, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2486. Graphium putredinis (Berk. & Broome) Mason & M. B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 56: 41, 1953. =Graphium cuneiferum (Corda) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 770, 1958. Isolated from samples: HN 73, dark soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2499; HN 78, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2465; HN 85, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2500. Memnoniella echinata (Rivolta) L.D. Galloway, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 18 (2): 163, 1933. Penicillium echinatum Rivolta, Dei Parassiti Vegetali, 451, 1873. Haplographium echinatum (Rivolta) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 4: 307, 1886. Haplographium echinatum (Rivolta) Lindau, in Rabenhort s Krupt. Flora Ⅰ(8):697, 1907. Stachybotrys echinata (Rivolta) G. Smith, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 45: 392, 1962. Isolated from samples: HN 75, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2405; HN 79, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 780m, HSAUP 05 2388. Myrothecium advena Sacc., Annls. Mycol. 6: 560, 1908. Isolated from samples: HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2430; HN 75, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2289. Phaeoisaria clematidis (Fuckel) S. Hughes, Can. J. Bot. 36: 794, 1958. Fig. 4 Stysanus clematidis Fuckel, Jb. Ver. Naturk. 23-24: 365, 1870[1869-70]. Colonies on PDA at 25 in 21 days effuse, black, hairy, 4-4.5cm diameter; under a dissecting microscope the upper two thirds of each synnema is seen to be covered with a white powdery mass of conidia. Mycelium mostly immersed. Conidiophores synnematous, macronematous; Synnemata up to 800μm high, subulate, 25-65µm thick at the base, 10-23μm thick at the apex; single conidiophore 2-3μm thick, moderately brown, branched on the upper two thirds of each conidiophores, smooth, straight. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated and discrete, sympodial, subulate, clavate, with numerous cylindrical denticals. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, smooth, ellipsoidal, 5-10 1.5-2.5μm.
Vol.27 No.1 35 Isolated from sample HN 73, dark soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2381. It is a new record species for China. Pseudobotrytis terrestris (Timonin) Subram., Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B 43: 277, 1956. Spicularia terrestris Timonin, Can. J. Res. 18 (c): 314-315, 1940. Isolated from samples HN 54, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2339; HN 58, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2385; HN 78, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2329; HN 83, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2444. Fig. 4 Phaeoisaria clematidis (Fuckel) Hughes: Conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells (ex HSAUP 05 2381). http://journals.im.ac.cn/jwxtcn
36 Mycosystema Scolecobasidium constrictum E. V. Abbott, Mycologia 19: 30, 1927. Isolated from sample HN 81, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2407. Scopulariopsis humicola G. L. Barron, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 32: 293, 1966. Isolated from samples: HN 76, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 810m, HSAUP 05 2364; HN 82, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2370. Stachybotrys breviusculus McKenzie, Mycotaxon 41(1): 180, 1991. Isolated from sample HN 77, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2376. Stachybotrys cylindrospora C. N. Jensen, Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. 315: 496, 1912. Stachybotrys atra var. cylindrospora (C. N. Jensen) Rayss & Borut, Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 10: 168, 1956. Isolated from sample HN 79, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 780m, HSAUP 05 2494. Stachybotrys microspora (B. L. Mathur & Sankhla) S. C. Jong & E. E. Davis, Mycotaxon 3(3): 448,1976. Stachybotrys atra Corda var. microspora B. L. Mathur & Sankhla, Sci. Cult. 32: 93, 1966. Isolated from sample HN 78, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 790m, HSAUP 05 2491. Strachybotrys nephrospora Hansf., Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1942-1943: 44-45, 1943. Fig. 5 Colonies on agar cornmeal culture medium at 25 in 7 days effuse, black, 2-3cm diameter. Mycelium mostly superficial; hyphae sometimes forming ropes. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, branched, sometimes unbranched, colorless except the apex where they are dark grey and verrucose, covered with dark granules, up to 135μm long, 3-5μm thick. Conidiogenous cells monophalidic, discrete, in groups at the apex or branches, clavate, except at the apex where covered with dark granules at the apex, 7-12μm long, 5-6μm thick in the broadest part. Conidia reniform, black, verrucose, 8-12 4-6μm. Isolated from sample HN 79, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 780m, HSAUP 05 2260. It is a new record species for China. Staphylotrichum coccosporum J. A. Meyer & Nicot, Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 72(4): 323, 1957. Isolated from samples: HN 54, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2350; HN 61, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2448; HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2455. Torula herbarum (Pers.) Link ex S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. 1: 557, 1821. =Torula monilis Pers. Usteri s Ann. Bot. 15 Stück, p25, 1801 Isolated from sample HN 77, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2259. Trichurus spiralis Hasselbring, Bot. Gaz. 29: 321, 1900. Isolated from samples: HN 61, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2449; HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2454; HN 63, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 770m, HSAUP 05 2426; HN 69, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 780m, HSAUP 05 2446; HN 77, snuffcolored soil,
Vol.27 No.1 37 altitude: 800m, HSAUP 05 2424; HN 84, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 750m, HSAUP 05 2301. Fig. 5 Strachybotrys nephrospora Hanf.: Conidiophores, conidia and conidiogenous cells (ex HSAUP 05 2260). http://journals.im.ac.cn/jwxtcn
38 Mycosystema Veronaea musae M.B. Ellis, More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes (Kew): 209, 1976. Isolated from samples: HN 54, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2351; HN 56, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 740m, HSAUP 05 2342; HN 62, snuffcolored soil, altitude: 760m, HSAUP 05 2334. The forest in Jianfengling is one of the vast tropical primordial rain forests in China. It is characterized by its integrality of vegetation and great diversity of plant species. Its annual average temperature is 19-24.5. The whole forest is covered by evergreen broad-leaf trees, shrubs and herbs. Therefore, the soil abounds in organic matter produced by the vegetation. Likewise, the fungul resource of the forest is abundant. Our research indicates that Doratomyces microsporus and Trichurus spiralis are dominant in the soil of the forest. Gliomastix cerealis and Pseudobotrytis terrestris are also abundant. [REFERENCES] Ellis MB, 1971. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew, Surrey, England. 1-608 Ellis MB, 1976. More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CMI, Kew. Surrey, England. 1-507