A collection of scientific results XT Universal Restorative InVivo Clinical Studies InVitro Research 2005
Introduction XT Within one year of introduction, 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative became one of the leading universal restoratives in the world. The innovative product design and use of patented nanotechnology allowed 3M ESPE to tailor the filler particles to yield both the excellent aesthetic properties required for single and multi-layer anterior restorations while retaining the strength and wear characteristics needed for posterior restorations. Not content to rest with the success of restorative, our development team soon started working with clinicians to determine what improvements could be made next. The answer they gave us came in the form of a challenge improve the aesthetic results in restorations, such as Class IV restorations, where the restoration cannot afford to rely on the chameleon characteristics of restorative. We spent two years working with clinicians to optimize the shading and opacity of universal restorative, resulting in 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative. With so much focus on the aesthetic possibilities of XT universal restorative, it is easy to forget the excellent physical properties of this composite. universal restorative has proven itself in both the clinical and laboratory setting. Within these pages you will see clinical documentation of efficacy in both anterior and posterior restorations. These studies are supported by in vitro tests from around the globe. universal restorative, and now XT universal restorative, represent our dedication to driving the potential of dental composites. 2
Contents XT Section Page 1. Aesthetics of XT Restorative 5 2. Technology of XT Restorative 11 3. Clinical Results 21 3.1 Investigations 23 3.2 Case Studies 27 4. Physical Properties 29 Note: Since 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative shares the same chemistry as universal restorative (varying only in shading and opacity), technical investigations into restorative are still valid. Based on the data contained in the abstracts, 3M ESPE has provided graphics, Aim of the Study and Results of the Study to visualize and summarize the results. 3
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Aesthetics 1 5
1. Aesthetics XT 1 Introduction 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative is one of the most successful universal composites on the market. Clinicians appreciate the range of shades and opacities, excellent polish retention, and the universal indications of the nanocomposite. This combination of attributes has been made possible by nanotechnology. 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative builds on this success by making excellent aesthetic results even easier to obtain. We spent the last two years working with clinicians in the United States and Europe to optimize the shading system of universal restorative. Both shade and opacity have been adjusted to bring the aesthetics of universal restorative to a new level. As a result, those familiar with universal restorative will find it easier to obtain their desired results; those new to the product will find it easier to transition from their previous composite. 6
1. Aesthetics XT These images represent the changes for the A shade range, from universal restorative (orange spheres) to XT universal restorative (red spheres). You will find higher L* brightness and a wider range or differentiation between shades. 1 a* L* Higher L* b* TM TM XT Wider Range a* b* 7
1. Aesthetics XT 1 Dentist-Preferred Color Data compiled from field tests, comprehensive interviews and benchmark testing with existing products has been used to establish what we have defined as dentist-preferred color space. The color space for the A range shades and body opacity is illustrated below. This color space, illustrated in the form of a tube, represents the area within which dentists prefer the A range shades reside. Conclusion: As illustrated below, each of 3M ESPEʼs individual shades are located within the boundaries of the dentist-preferred color space, yielding two critical, clinically-documented benefits: With 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative, aesthetic results are both better and easier to obtain. a* A1 L* A4 b* Dentist-defined color space 8
1. Aesthetics XT The Difference is Clear Dr. Grant Chyz illustrated the difference between 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative (on the left) and XT Universal Restorative (on the right) applied to a shade tab. Note the improvements, especially on the unsupported areas of the tab. As these images illustrate, you can expect better results in the critical Class III and IV restorations. 1 Original Shade New Shade A1E A1E A1B A1B The second illustration was created using a technique known as posterizing which forces the image to be made of four colors. The image shows less color differentiation on the right side, highlighting the difference between the two products as well as the blend achieved with XT universal restorative. Original Shade New Shade A1E A1E A1B A1B 9
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Technology 2 11
2. Technology XT Introduction 2 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative begins as nanometer-sized particles; averaging 20 nanometers in size for most shades, and 75 nanometers in size for the translucent shades only. Using these small, spherical particles was excellent for polish, but did not yield the handling or physical properties expected of todayʼs composites. This led to the development of nanoclusters. This patented technology, used in XT universal restorative, enables the product to achieve excellent polish retention as well as the superior handling, strength and wear properties required for universal indications. High Polish We discovered that by partially fusing or sintering some of these nanometer-sized particles, we could add them in a form called nanoclusters. Under typical wear conditions, only very small, individual nanometer-sized particles can break off of the clusters, thereby retaining polish. This results in exceptional polish retention. In comparison, a hybrid is comprised of large, micron-sized particles that, when lost or broken off, significantly reduce initial polish. High Strength XT universal restorative has also proven to have the strength of a hybrid. Its high-filler loading and advanced resin matrix result in strength measurements (compressive, flexural and diametral strength and fracture toughness) that compare to the best products in the industry. XT universal restorative is truly a universal composite, with the aesthetics required for anterior restorations and the strength needed for posterior restorations. Nanoparticle Nanocluster 12
2. Technology XT The 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative Manufacturing Process Nanometer sized silca Zirconium compound 2 Silane Treatment Proprietary Clustering Technique Silane treated individual nanoparticles Nanocluster Silane Treatment Silane treated nanoclusters Compound with Resin TM XT Universal Restorative 13
2. Technology XT Performance that Lasts 2 These scanning electron micrographs illustrate the difference between the wear of 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative and the wear of a conventional microhybrid. The initial gloss of both products can be very impressive. With time and wear, however, individual particles of conventional hybrids are plucked from the resin matrix resulting in a reduction of gloss. The nanoclusters of XT universal restorative, however, are designed to fracture during wear conditions, rather than be plucked out. Thus, a smoother finish and higher gloss is retained. Hybrid composite after wear TM after wear (body) 14
2. Technology XT Hybrid composite after wear 2 TM after wear (translucent) The images above use a new technique called Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which is ideal for measuring the surface finish of dental composites. The images above graphically illustrate the difference in finish between the microhybrid (top) and 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative Translucent (below). Images like these prove the potential of nanotechnology to further improve dental composites. 15
2. Technology XT Composite Filler Characterization 2 The images below, provided courtesy of Dr. Jorge Perdigao, University of Minnesota, serve to illustrate the differences between 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative and other hybrid composites. These images were generated using scanning electron microscopy, and all are shown at a magnification of 25,000k. The difference between the nanoclusters (and small nanometer-size particles) of universal restorative and the larger particles of the other products can be clearly seen. This difference in particle size is what allows universal restorative to retain a high percentage of initial polish, even after time in the oral environment. TM : Shade A2B TM : Shade YT 16
2. Technology XT EsthetX 2 4 Seasons Grandio 17
2. Technology XT Premise 2 Tetric EvoCeram 18
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Clinical Results 3 21
3. Clinical Results Introduction Clinical evaluation of a composite is the ultimate test of efficacy. No laboratory testing can duplicate the combination of occlusal forces, wear, thermal loading and staining challenge while maintaining the ever-increasing aesthetic expectations of both the clinician and the patient. 3 The next few pages summarize several clinical investigations into 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative. To date, universal restorative has documented results in several controlled clinical studies, with data spanning 2 years. Furthermore, an independent handling evaluation has been conducted and documented. To date, the clinical results with universal restorative are tracking with the in vitro test results. Handling, wear, and aesthetic properties have been validated. Note: Since 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative shares the same chemistry (varying only in shading and opacity), technical investigations into universal restorative are still valid. 22
3.1 Clinical Results: Investigations Clinical Wear Performance of and Z100 in Posterior Teeth Authors: D. Bharadwaj, P. Lambrechts, J. De Munck, D. Mattar, and B. Van Meerbeek, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0576 Aim of the Study: The clinical wear performance of 3M TM ESPE TM TM Z100 Restorative is well documented. In this critical study, Z100 and TM universal restorative were compared, and both were contrasted to the wear of human enamal. Results of the Study: At one year, universal restorative has displayed wear similar to that of Z100, and both have proven similar in wear to human enamel. 3 Mean Occlusal volumetric loss in mm 3 Differential OCA wear. Wilcoxon s signed rank test - Two-sided M TM Z100 TM 3M ESPE Z100 versus enamel 6m -0.071 (SD=0.073) -0.068 (SD=0.065) TM versus enamel 12m -0.251 (SD=0.241) -0.192 (SD=0.163) TM versus TM Z100 p=0.1901, no difference p=0.3225, no difference p=0.7467, no difference Mean OCA wear of composite versus enamel in µm. (n: number of OCA measuring points) Material/Time TM Z100 TM Enamel 6m -50 (SD=19) (n=30) -48 (SD=17) (n=35) -46 (SD=24) (n=115) 12m -59 (SD=20) (n=40) -64 (SD=31) (n=52) -58 (SD=19) (n=144) 23
3.1 Clinical Results: Investigations Clinical Evaluation of as a Posterior Restorative Material Authors: Dr. M. Suzuki et al., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Reference: Unpublished Data 3 Aim of the Study: This report provided a 2 year update of a 3 year clinical study into the use of 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative in Class I and II restorations. Results of the Study: Data is provided below. All restorations were clinically acceptable at 2 years. B TM 6 Months TM 1 Year TM 2 Year Alpha Alpha Bravo Alpha Bravo Charlie Alpha Bravo Charlie Margin discolouration 100% 100% - 100% - - 97% 3% - Margin integrity 100% 100% - 93% 7% - 91% 9% - Color match 100% 100% - 98% 2% - 98% 2% - Anatomic form 100% 100% - 100% - - 97% 3% - Surface texture 100% 100% - 100% - - 97% 3% - Secondary caries 100% 100% - 100% - - 100% - - Post operative sensitivity 100% 100% - 100% - - 100% - - Contact wear 100% 100% - 100% - - 100% - - Recall rate 100% 100% - 98% - - 97% - - 24
3.1 Clinical Results: Investigations Clinical Study on a Nanofiller Resin Composite: Two-Year Results Authors: C.-P. Ernst, M. Brandenbusch, K. Canbek, G. Meyer, F. Gottschalk, and B. Willershausen, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0578 Aim of the Study: In this study the nanocomposite universal restorative was compared to the conventional hybrid filling material, Tetric Ceram, with respect to use in stress-bearing posterior restorations. 3 Results of the Study: At the two-year recall, no statistically significant differences between products were noted. universal restorative was judged efficacious for use in large, stress-bearing posterior restorations. 25
3.1 Clinical Results: Investigations Handling Evaluation of a Nano-composite Restorative Material by UK Practitioners Authors: F. J.T. Burke, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom, M. Anstice, 3M ESPE AG, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, and R.J. Crisp, University of Birmingham, UK, Cheshire, United Kingdom Reference: BSDR 2004, Abstract O149 3 Aim of the Study: The clinical selection and use of a dental composite involves many variables besides the physical properties of the material. Characteristics such as handling and shading preferences are difficult to characterize. In this study a new nanocomposite was evaluated in a clinical setting by 12 practitioners. Results of the Study: After placing a total of 778 restorations, the response of the practitioners to the handling and aesthetics of 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative proved very positive. A full 83% indicated their intentions to both purchase the material and recommend it to their colleagues. 26
3.2 Clinical Results: Case Studies A Nanotechnology Composite Author: N. Davis Reference: Compendium/Sept. 2003, Vol. 24, No.9, 662-670 Synopsis: The author begins with a description of the technology of TM universal restorative, contrasting the filler composition to that of a conventional hybrid composite. He then proceeds to outline the restoration of a large Class IV restoration in a 12-year-old patient. A multi-layer technique was chosen, taking advantage of the wide range of opacities available with the restorative system. Dr. Davis concluded that Nanotechnology makes the creation of life-like restorations easy. 3 Rapid-Fire Posterior Resins. The Unwritten... Taking Advantage of Nanocomposite Technology Author: M.B. Goldstein Reference: Dentistry Today, 23(3):60 March 2004 Synopsis: The author presents an excellent illustration of a posterior restoration with detailed descriptions of all aspects of the restorative procedure. Composite handling is critical in this type of restoration, as the author states, First and foremost, the ability to freehand sculpt a restoration plays into the quadrant strategy that we will soon discuss. will remain exactly where you placed it last. It will not slump. Dr. Goldstein stated that a universal restoration can be brought to a near completion state with the hand instruments before final cure, dramatically reducing finishing time. Use of a rubber polishing instrument was found to bring the restoration to a near microfill finish. 27
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Physical Properties 4 29
4. Physical Properties Introduction Nanotechnology in Dentistry: Reduction to Practice was the title of one of the first publications outlining the opportunities for nanotechnology in dental composites. This paper, by Ure and Harris (Dental Update-Jan/Feb 2003) provided a very concise definition of nanotechnology, stating that it relates to the deliberate placement, manipulation and measurement of sub-100 nanometre scale matter. 3M TM ESPE TM TM XT Universal Restorative adheres to this definition. 4 This chapter presents a wide cross-section of in vitro test results with 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative. These tests, conducted at sites around the globe, have documented the characteristics critical to a universal composite. Polish retention, critical especially for anterior restorations, has been documented in several papers contained in this booklet. Similarly, wear, a critical property for posterior restorations, has been investigated at numerous sites. Results of these investigations have been documented on the following pages. In vitro tests are most beneficial when there is a link to a predicted in vivo advantage. The tests reported on the following pages have clear links to the clinical situation and serve to validate the excellent clinical data obtained to date. 30
4. Physical Properties An Application of Nanotechnology in Advanced Dental Materials Authors: S.B. Mitra, D. Wu, B.N. Holmes, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN Reference: JADA, Vol 134, October 2003, pg 1382-1390 Synopsis: This paper details the chemistry and technology behind universal restorative. Technical advances in the composite are linked to clinically relevant performance in polish retention, fracture toughness, and flexural strength. The compressive and diametral strengths and the fracture resistance of the nanocomposite were found to be equal to or higher than those of the other composites. Wear was found to be lower than that of the other composites. Polish retention, critical for lasting aesthetic results, was superior to that of the conventional hybrids in the study. The authors conclude that The dental nanocomposite system studies showed high translucency, high polish and polish retention similar to those of microfills while maintaining physical properties and wear resistance equivalent to those of several hybrid composites. 4 31
4. Physical Properties Diametral Tensile Strength of Micro-Hybrid Composite Resins Authors: G.C. Lopes 1, J. Zucco 2, C. De Lucca 3, L. Baratieri 2, and L. Vieira 4, 1 Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, NUPEBIO, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 2 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 3 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 4 Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Reference: IADR 2004, Abstract 0585 Aim of the Study: To evaluate the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of microhybrid composites. 4 Results of the Study: 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative showed the highest diametral tensile strength. 32
4. Physical Properties Mechanical Properties of Dental Resin Composites Authors: H. Lu 1, Y.-K. Lee 2, M. Oguri 3, and J.M. Powers 1, 1 University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, USA, 2 Seoul National University, South Korea, 3 Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 1845 Aim of the Study: In this study several critical strength measurements were made of recently introduced dental composites. Results of the Study: The nanocomposite 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative, known for excellent aesthetic results, also displays very high physical properties. 4 33
4. Physical Properties Toughness and Strength Properties of Novel Dental Nanocomposites Authors: D. Wu, B.N. Holmes, S.B. Mitra, B.U. Kolb, W. Thompson and N. Johnson, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN Reference: PEF of IADR, Cardiff, 2002 Aim of the Study: The influence of different nanofiller concepts and nanofiller load on the fracture toughness and the compressive strength was to be evaluated in this study. Conventional hybrid composites and the microfilled 3M TM ESPE TM TM A110 were control groups. 4 Results of the Study: The study showed that different formulations of nanocomposites display similar or even better results regarding compressive strength and fracture toughness than conventional composite materials. 34
4. Physical Properties Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Dental Resin Composites with a 3D Profilometer Authors: HS Cha, YYK Lee, BS Lim, SH Rhee, HC Yang Reference: J Biomed Mater Res Part B; Appl Biomater 71B: 414-420, 2004 Synopsis: This paper quantified the wear of nine commercially available dental composite resins using two distinct methodologies. The first wear device investigated was an oral wear simulator (Proto-Tech) which incorporates both attrition and abrasion in the three-body mode. The second type of device was a pin-on-disk type of friction test (Rhesca, Japan). The charts below were created using the published data. 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative displayed excellent performance in both tests. 4 35
4. Physical Properties Wear of Dental Composites Authors: degee 1 et al and Barkmeier 2 et al, 1 ACTA, University of Amsterdam, 2 Creighton University Reference: Unpublished Data Synopsis: The wear properties of TM Universal Restorative have been investigated at various sites around the world. These figures illustrate results obtained using two different methodologies. Barkmeier et al. used a test designed to measure localized wear (volume loss in mm 3 ), while degee et al. used the ACTA device to measure three-body wear (wear rate at one week, Êm/200,000 cycles). 4 Both studies, conducted using two different methodologies, yielded the same results proving that universal restorative has the wear properties needed for posterior indications. 36
4. Physical Properties Mechanical Properties and Wear of Restorative Composites Authors: S. Schultz 1, M. Rosentritt 2, M. Behr 2, and G. Handel 2, 1 Clinic of the University of Regensburg, Germany, 2 University of Regensburg, Germany Reference: IADR 2003, Abstract 0381 Aim of the Study: The aim of this investigation was to determine the three-body wear of restorative materials. Correlations with Vickers hardness and fracture resistance were investigated. Results of the Study: Both universal restorative and 3M TM ESPE TM TM Z250 Universal Restorative displayed very low wear compared to the other products tested. 4 37
4. Physical Properties Correlation of Wear Rate and Surface Roughness of Dental Materials Authors: D. Wu 1, V.W. Jones 2, S.B. Mitra 1, and J.S. Fuller 1, 1 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, 2 3M CATC, St. Paul, MN, USA Reference: IADR 2004, Abstract 3274 Aim of the Study: To study the relationship between the long-term three-body wear rate and residual surface roughness of several types of dental restorative materials. 4 Results of the Study: 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative had the best long-term wear resistance and the lowest surface roughness compared to the other composites tested. 38
4. Physical Properties Wear Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Novel Dental Nanocomposites Authors: D. Wu, B.N. Holmes, S.B. Mitra, B.U. Kolb, W. L. Thompson, N. Johnson, 3M ESPE Dental Products, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN 55144 Reference: IADR 2002, Abstract 64 Aim of the Study: Wear resistance and physical strength are critical characteristics for new universal composites. In this investigation these properties are measured for a new nanocomposite. Results of the Study: The study showed that different formulations of nanocomposites show significantly improved wear resistance and mechanical properties in comparison to conventional composite materials. 4 39
4. Physical Properties Effectiveness of Composite Resin Finishing Systems Authors: M.J. Herrington, J.O. Burgess, and D.E. Mercante, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Dentistry, Center of Excellence of Craniofacial and Oral Biology, New Orleans, USA Reference: IADR 2004, Abstract 0651 Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to measure and compare the roughness of three composites polished with four different systems. 4 Results of the Study: The surface roughness of 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative was lower than the surface roughness of Renamel and Gradia if polished with Sof-Lex, CompsiPro, and PoGo. The lowest surface roughness was obtained when universal restorative was polished with 3M TM ESPE TM Sof-Lex TM Finishing Disks. 40
4. Physical Properties Nanoroughness of Selected Dental Materials using AFM Authors: J. Lindblom, J. Hedden, S. Sautter, E. OʼRear, and S.S. Khajotia, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, USA Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0633 Aim of the Study: Nanotechnology has allowed considerable advances in the ability to polish todayʼs composites. In this study the polish of several composites was measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Results of the Study: universal restorative displayed the lowest Ra and Rq roughness measurement values. 4 41
4. Physical Properties New Method to Characterize Gloss Retention of Dental Restorative Materials Using Atomic Force Microscopy Authors: S.B. Mitra 1, D. Wu 1, V. Jones 2, M.R.C. Atkinson 2, J. Fuller 1, and B.N. Holmes 1, 1 3M ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA, 2 3M Corporate Analytical Technology Center, St. Paul, MN, USA Reference: IADR 2003, Abstract 2928 Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to develop a new method to characterize surface gloss of dental restorative materials using Atomic Force Microscopy and to study the long term gloss retention of several classes of dental composites. 4 Results of the Study: 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative showed superior polish retention after 2000 toothbrush strokes compared to the hybrid and microhybrid materials tested. universal restorative, Translucent shade, had better polish retention than the microfill tested. 42
4. Physical Properties Aesthetic Properties of Novel Dental Nanocomposites Authors: D. Wu, S.B. Mitra, N. Johnson, B.N. Holmes 3M ESPE Dental Products, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN 55144 Reference: IADR 2002, Abstract 65 Aim of the Study: Polish, or gloss retention is a critical aspect for aesthetic, anterior restorations. This study evaluated the polish retention of several novel nanocomposite restorative formulations in comparison to commercially available composites. Results of the Study: All experimental nanocomposites showed excellent polish retention results. In comparison with hybrid and microhybrid composites, significant improvements could be achieved with most of the experimental nanocomposite formulations. Nanocomposites reached similar levels of polish retention as microfilled composites. 4 43
4. Physical Properties Volumetric Shrinkage of Dental Restorative Materials Authors: Burgess et al., Louisiana State University Health Science Center School of Dentistry, New Orleans, USA Reference: Unpublished Data Synopsis: Dr. Burgess et al. used the AccuVol (Bisco) device to measure volumetric shrinkage. This novel device uses a photoanalytical technique. In this investigation a wide range of products were evaluated, from packable composites to microfills and hybrid materials. 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative displayed an average shrinkage of only 2.09% in this documented study. 4 44
4. Physical Properties Polymerization Contraction Stress of Three Composite-resins Using a Novel Gauge Authors: M. Cadenaro 1, M. Biasotto 1, N. Scuor 1, P. Suppa 2, A. Ruggeri 2, and R. Di Lenarda 1, 1 University of Trieste, Italy, 2 Department of Anatomical Science, Bologna, Italy Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0619 Aim of the Study: While the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel device for measuring curing stress, the composite and curing light variables add special interest. Results of the Study: Polymerization stress of the composites and the two curing sources were very similar. 4 45
4. Physical Properties Repair Strength of Three Resin Composites Authors: J.L. Chapman, R. Giltner, J.O. Burgess, and D.E. Mercante, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, USA Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0626 Aim of the Study: Composite repair is often considered as an alternative to complete replacement of a restoration. In this study, several composites and techniques were compared to measure the repair strength. Results of the Study: Repair strength of techniques was lower than that of the intact composite. Some differences between composites were also noted. 4 46
4. Physical Properties Effect of Repeated and Extending Heating on Conversion of Composites Authors: M. Daronch 1, F.A. Rueggeberg 2, L. Moss 2, and M.F. De Goes 3, 1 University of São Paulo - School of Dentistry, Brazil, 2 Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA, 3 State University of Campinas, Piracicaba SP, Brazil Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0605 Aim of the Study: The effect of composite temperature has several aspects critical to clinical use. First there is the chance of elevated temperature during transportation or storage. Second, some clinicians use temperature prior to placement to alter the rheology of dental composites. Results of the Study: Elevating the temperature of the Universal Restorative to 60 C did not alter the monomer conversion. 4 Conversion (%) Room temperature Repeated (10x) Extended (24h) EsthetX 53.6 (0.9) a 54.0 (0.6) a 53.9 (0.4) a Prodigy 58.4 (0.3) b 58 (1.5) b 58.7 (0.6) b TM 53.5 (0.6) c 52.3 (0.8) c 53.7 (0.5) c 47
4. Physical Properties Heat Transmission for Various Types of Composites During Finishing/Polishing Authors: B. De Santis, S. Antonson, J.B. King, D.E. Antonson, and P. Hardigan, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA Reference: IADR 2005, Abstract 0624 Aim of the Study: Heat generation during the finishing and polishing of a composite is often thought to be a potential source of postoperative sensitivity. In this study several techniques and composites were compared with respect to temperature rise during polishing. 4 Results of the Study: Overall, 3M TM ESPE TM TM Universal Restorative was found to transmit the least heat during the polishing procedure. 48
4. Physical Properties Effects of Mouthrinses on Color Stability of the Latest Composites Authors: Y. Korkmaz 1, A. Ünlü 1, N.M. Baseren 1, and G. Aksoy 2, 1 Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, 2 Ege Universitesi, _zmir, Turkey Reference: CED 2004, Abstract 0277 Aim of the Study: Mouthwashes are another material that has the potential to stain dental composites. In this study the staining potential of mouthwash on three types of composites; a nanocomposite, a nano-hybrid, and a microfill were compared. Results of the Study: While all composites showed staining effects due to the mouthrinse, the nanofill composite, Universal Restorative, displayed the least amount of discoloration. 4 49
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3M ESPE AG, 3M ESPE Plaz 82229 Seefeld, Germany 3M ESPE Dental Products 3M Center Building 0275-02-SE-03 St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 USA The charts in this brochure were reproduced by 3M ESPE from the data listed in the cited sources. 3M, ESPE,, Sinfony and Sof-Lex are trademarks of 3M or 3M ESPE AG. All other trademarks are owned by other properties. 70-2009-3739-2