Today - Complete Erikson s stages (pp. 196-198) Kohlberg s moral stage theory (p. 201) Freud s psychosexual stage theory Wrap-up stage theories Tomorrow Parenting Styles 1
What does Erikson s theory mean to me? STAGE 1. Trust 2. Autonomy 3. Initiative 4. Industry 5. Identity 6. Intimacy 7. Generativity 8. Integrity QUESTION 1. Can I rely on people? 2. Do I have any control? 3. Is it ok to do stuff? 4. Am I useful? 5. Who am I? 6. Can I love? 7. Am I on the right path? 8. Did my life count? Sigmund Freud (Psychosexual) 2 - Erik Erikson (Social) 1 - Jean Piaget (Cognitive) 1. 1. Trust v. Mistrust 1. Sensorimotor (object permanence) 2. 2.Autonomy v. Doubt 2. Preoperational (egocentrism) 3. 3. Initiative v. Guilt 3. Concrete Operations (Concepts of Conservation) 4. 4. Industry v. Inferiority 5. 5. Identity v. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy v. Isolation 4. Formal Operations (Hypothesis testing) 1. 2. 3. 3- Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral) 7. Generativity v. Stagnation 8. Integrity v. Despair The Heinz Dilemma In Europe, a woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid $200 for the radium and charged $2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together about $ 1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm going to make money from it." So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have done that? (Kohlberg, 1963) 2
Kohlberg s moral stage theory Using page 201, answer this question with your partner. (Discussion only no need to write) A friend of yours has asked you to help him or her cheat on an upcoming test. Briefly explain how a person in each of Kohlberg s stages might react to the friend s request. Theory of Mind in stage 2 (associated with Autism) Sigmund Freud (Psychosexual) 2 - Erik Erikson (Social) 1 - Jean Piaget (Cognitive) 1. 1. Trust v. Mistrust 1. Sensorimotor (object permanence) 2. 2.Autonomy v. Doubt 2. Preoperational (egocentrism) 3. 3. Initiative v. Guilt 3. Concrete Operations (Concepts of Conservation) 4. 4. Industry v. Inferiority 5. 5. Identity v. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy v. Isolation 4. Formal Operations (Hypothesis testing) 3- Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral) 1. Preconventional 2. Conventional 3. Postconventional 7. Generativity v. Stagnation 8. Integrity v. Despair Freud s stages (p. 195) Sexual does NOT mean intercourse. To Freud, it meant how we get pleasure from the world. Failure to move on from one stage to the next results in fixation. Come up with a mnemonic device for Freud s stages. 3
Sigmund Freud (Psychosexual) 2 - Erik Erikson (Social) 1 - Jean Piaget (Cognitive) 1. Oral 1. Trust v. Mistrust 1. Sensorimotor (object permanence) 2. Anal 2.Autonomy v. Doubt 2. Preoperational (egocentrism) 3. Phallic 3. Initiative v. Guilt 3. Concrete Operations (Concepts of Conservation) 4. Latency 4. Industry v. Inferiority 5. Genital 5. Identity v. Role Confusion 6. Intimacy v. Isolation 4. Formal Operations (Hypothesis testing) 3- Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral) 1. Preconventional 2. Conventional 3. Postconventional 7. Generativity v. Stagnation 8. Integrity v. Despair Developmental Psychology Stage Theory Name the Author Doubt is the brother of shame. - Erik Erikson 4
I cannot think of any need in childhood as strong as the need for a father's protection. - Sigmund Freud Children love and want to be loved and they very much prefer the joy of accomplishment to the triumph of hateful failure. Do not mistake a child for his symptom. - Erik Erikson The principle goal of education in the schools should be creating men and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generations have done. - Jean Piaget 5
The individual makes a clear effort to define moral values and principles that have validity and application apart from the authority of the groups of persons holding them and apart from the individual's own identification with the group. - Lawrence Kohlberg The interpretation of dreams is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind. - Sigmund Freud At this level, the individual perceives the maintenance of the expectations of his family, group, or nation as valuable in its own right, regardless of immediate and obvious consequences. - Lawrence Kohlberg 6
Logical positivists have never taken psychology into account in their epistemology, but they affirm that logical beings and mathematical beings are nothing but linguistic structures. - Jean Piaget One is very crazy when in love. - Sigmund Freud To express the same idea in still another way, I think that human knowledge is essentially active. - Jean Piaget 7