Psychometric Report
Table of Contents Test Description... 5 Reference... 5 Vitals... 5 Question Type... 5 Test Development Procedures... 5 Test History... 8 Operational Definitions... 9 Test Research and Rationale... 9 Data Collection - Methodology... 10 Limitations of Study... 11 Sample Description... 12 Descriptive Statistics... 14 Normative Information... 15 Percentiles - General Population... 15 Percentiles Women... 16 Percentiles Men... 17 Percentiles Below 18 age group... 18 Percentiles 18 to 29 age group... 19 Percentiles 30 to 39 age group... 20 Percentiles 40+ age group... 21 Descriptive Statistics: Graphical Results... 22 EEOC Compliance Statistics... 24 Group Comparisons: Gender... 25 Gender Analysis... 26
Gender Analysis Graphical Results... 27 Group Comparisons: Age... 29 Age Group Analysis... 34 Age Group Analysis Graphical Results... 35 Group Comparisons: Disability... 37 Disability Analysis... 39 Disability Analysis Graphical Results... 40 Group Comparisons: Ethnicity... 42 Ethnicity Analysis... 56 Ethnicity Analysis Graphical Results... 57 Reliability Analysis... 59 Pearson s Correlations... 60 Criterion Validity Analysis (concurrent validity)... 61 Comparison variable: Working with others... 61 Re-sampled Analysis... 67 Comparison variable: Working with others Graphical Results... 71 Comparison variable: Desire to be liked by others... 73 Re-sampled Analysis... 80 Effect Size and Power:... 80 Comparison variable: Desire to be liked Graphical Results... 84 Comparison variable: Ability to make tough decisions... 86 Re-sampled Analysis... 90 Effect Size and Power:... 90 Comparison variable: Ability to make tough decisions Graphical Results... 94 Comparison variable: Approach to conflict... 96
Re-sampled Analysis... 101 Effect Size and Power:... 101 Comparison variable: Approach to conflict Graphical Results... 105 Comparison variable: Conflict-resolution strategy... 107 Re-sampled Analysis... 112 Effect Size and Power:... 112 Comparison variable: Conflict-Resolution Strategy Graphical Results... 116 Comparison variable: Work Situation... 118 Comparison variable: Work Situation Graphical Results... 120 Comparison variable: Methodical approach to work... 122 Re-sampled Analysis... 126 Effect Size and Power:... 126 Comparison variable: Methodical approach to work Graphical Results... 130 Annexes... 132 Annex 1 Means and standard deviations for Gender... 132 Annex 2 Means and standard deviations for Age... 133 Annex 3 Means and standard deviations for Disability... 134 Annex 4 Means and standard deviations for Ethnicity... 135 Annex 5 Means and standard deviations for Working with others... 136 Annex 6 Means and standard deviations for Desire to be liked by others... 137 Annex 7 Means and standard deviations for Ability to make tough decisions... 138 Annex 8 Means and standard deviations for Approach to conflict... 139 Annex 9 Means and standard deviations for Conflict-resolution Strategy... 140 Annex 10 Means and standard deviations for Work Situation... 141 Annex 11 Means and standard deviations for Methodical approach to work... 142
Test Description Reference Jerabek, I., & Muoio, D. (2013).. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: PsychTests AIM Inc. Vitals This test contains 193 questions. It is recommended for assessing a person s personality, to be used as a supplemental tool to standard hiring processes or for creating work teams. The test is available online. A paper-pencil version is not available. Scoring and interpretation are computer-generated by system-expert and AI algorithms based on rules developed by subject matter experts (SMEs). Norms for different industries and the general population are available in the benchmark report available to professional users. Clients also have the ability to create custom benchmarks. Question Type This test uses self-report (3-point Likerts) and scenario/multiple choice type questions. The questionnaire is interactive - test-takers drag and drop their responses to questions into the appropriate box. Note: In order to protect our intellectual property due to recurring issues of plagiarism - we do not disclose which items are linked to which scales, nor do we provide item-total correlations. Test Development Procedures Phase I: Test design and initial launch 1) Define test concept 2) Research available literature 3) Develop a pool of questions 4) Eliminate extraneous questions through debate of SMEs
5) Assign weights to questions and answer options through debate of SMEs 6) Develop scoring system 7) Develop interpretation of test results 8) Quality assurance testing 9) Launch on Queendom and PsychTests 10) Opt-in data collection, feedback from users (face validity) Phase II Preliminary statistical analysis 1) Preliminary statistical analysis on small pool of respondents a. Descriptive statistics (distribution, frequencies, means, variability, percentiles) b. Preliminary reliability and validity analysis (split-half, coefficient alpha, item-total correlations, inter-item correlations and co-variances) c. Factor analysis (exploratory) 2) Addition, removal, or modification to questions based on statistical findings 3) Quality assurance testing 4) Re-launch on Queendom and PsychTests Phase III Large-scale statistical analysis 1) Large-scale statistical analysis a. Descriptive statistics (distribution, frequencies, means, variability, percentiles) b. Exploratory analysis (correlations, ANOVAs, ANCOVAs, t-tests) c. Reliability analysis (Cronbach s alpha) d. Validity analysis: (Note: Results of validation questions serve as a revision basis)
i. Content validity ii. Criterion-related validity (concurrent validity and method of contrasted groups) iii. Internal consistency: item-total correlations, inter-item correlations and covariances; convergent and discriminant validity) 2) Re-evaluation of validity and reliability evidence 3) In some cases, revision of test items and test structure 4) Re-launch of revised version of the test 5) Note: Statistics are run on each test on a bi-annual basis
Test History The first version of DISC was developed in 2012 by Ilona Jerabek, Ph.D. and Deborah Muoio. After collecting data for a year, the test was revised based on the statistics (reliability, factor analysis). The revised version of DISC was released in 2014. With the following changes: Certain questions were reworded to make them easier to comprehend. Based on the results of the factor analysis, some questions were added/removed from the four factors (Dominance, Influence, Supportiveness, Conscientiousness). Seventeen questions were added; nineteen were dropped due to poor reliability. A new section was added to the report in which we compare the traits a person currently possesses, and the traits he or she would like to improve/develop (i.e. current self vs. ideal self). The four over-arching factors are calculated using scales. The following scales share questions: a. Dominance and Influence (6 items) b. Dominance and Supportiveness (3 items) c. Dominance and Conscientiousness (6 items) d. Influence and Supportiveness (6 items) e. Influence and Conscientiousness (2 items) f. Supportiveness and Conscientiousness (4 items)
Operational Definitions 1) Dominance: Individuals who score high on this trait show a great deal of determination and a strong drive to succeed. They fearlessly take on challenges, are highly ambitious, and are always focused on success. 2) Influence: Individuals who score high on this trait are gregarious and sociable. They enjoy being around people and tend to have a great deal of charisma that draws others to them. They are always full of ideas and tend to bring enthusiasm and energy to any group or project they take on. 3) Supportiveness: Individuals who score high on this trait are committed to doing their job well. They can be relied upon to put in a wholehearted effort into every project, and are dependable and loyal employees. They are considerate of others needs, helpful, and easy to work with. 4) Conscientiousness: Individuals who score high on this trait take their work very seriously. They tackle projects carefully and systematically, always making sure that every detail is taken care of to the best of their ability. They can be relied on to provide top quality work. Test Research and Rationale This personality test is based on the original behavioral theories of William Mouton Marston (1928), and the subsequent psychological inventory known as DISC, first developed by John G. Geier in 1958. The four personality factors that form the basis of this version of the assessment include Dominance, Influence, Supportiveness, and Conscientiousness. Marston believed that nearly everyone possesses each of these four characteristics to varying degrees, creating a unique personality blend with different strengths and challenges. References Ritchey, T (2002) I m Stuck, You re Stuck. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. Rohm, R. A. (1993) Positive Personality Profiles. Mariette, GA: Personality Insights Inc. Straw, J. (2002) The 4-Dimensional Manager. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
Data Collection - Methodology DISC was released on http://www.queendom.com and http://testyourself.psychtests.com/ for data collection in order to further validate the scales. Test-takers accessed the test via a link promoted on the homepage or in the test listings. The test was offered free of charge. The subjects received a free Summary report when they completed the assessment and the validation questionnaire. A Full test report is offered for a fee. The sample was uncontrolled; the subjects self-selected to take the assessment. Data was collected from 2012 to 2015. Subjects who completed the test had the option to participate in the validation study and were not financially compensated for their participation. Declining to participate in the validation study had no impact on the procedure everyone, regardless of their participation in the validation study, received the free Summary report. All validation items were gathered through self-report. All items on the validation questionnaire were optional, and the subjects could select the I prefer not to answer option for each question. Please note that T-test and ANOVA analyses are dependent on sample size. Therefore, a seemingly large difference between two groups may not show statistical significance because of a group s small sample size. By the same token, with very large groups, small but systematic differences between groups may be statistically significant without having any noticeable practical impact. Effect sizes are reported in relevant analyses. With regards to validation questions where the number of subjects in the validation sample was not equally balanced (i.e. the n for some groups was very high), a smaller, random sample was selected from the larger groups whenever possible, in order to level out the Ns and conduct the analyses effectively. Note: Psychometric reports are available to all clients upon request.
Limitations of Study 1) Subjects self-selected to take the test, which could create a biased sample. 2) Test-takers responses to test questions and validation questions are in self-report format, which can result in inaccuracies, and an under or over-estimation of their abilities, skills, or behavior. 3) Sample size may not be large enough to generalize to population. 4) Given that the test-takers self-selected to take the test, we do not have the ability to run test re-test reliability.
Sample Description Sample size: 5,325 subjects Gender distribution: Women: 3,109 subjects (58.4%), Men: 1,315 subjects (24.7%), Unknown: 901 subjects (16.9%) Age distribution: Below 18 (n = 1073) (20.1%) 18-29 (n = 2074) (38.9%) 40+ (n = 563) (10.6%) Unknown (n = 1158) (21.7%) 30-39 (n = 457) (8.6%) Ethnicity distribution: Asian (n = 711) (13.3%) Black (n = 165) (3.1%) Caucasian (n = 2,277) (42.8%) Hispanic (n = 193) (3.6%) Jewish (n = 26) (0.5%) Middle Eastern (n = 71) (1.3%) Native American (n = 36) (0.7%) Two or more of the above (n = 164) (3.1%) Other (n = 97) (1.8%) Unknown (n = 1585) (29.8%) Education distribution: Grade school (n = 130) (2.4%) Some high school (n = 388) (7.3%) High school (n = 818) (15.4%) Junior College (n = 813) (15.3%) College (n = 398) (7.5%) Associate s degree (n = 147) (2.8%) Bachelor s degree (n = 675) (12.7%) Master s degree (n = 385) (7.2%) Ph.D./Doctoral degree (n = 74) (1.4%) Unknown (n = 1404) (26.4%) Technical/Trade school (n = 93) (1.7%)
Socio-economic Status distribution: Independently wealthy (n = 75) (1.4%) Upper level ($100 000 or more) (n = 253) (4.8%) Upper middle level ($75 000 to $100 000) (n = 395) (7.4%) Middle level ($50 000 to $75 000) (n = 595) (11.2%) Lower middle level ($25 000 to $50 000) (n = 542) (10.2%) Lower level ($20 000 to $25 000) (n = 214) (4%) Lowest level ($20 000 or less) (n = 477) (9%) Unknown (n = 2774) (52%)
Descriptive Statistics Scales N Scale Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Skewness (Std. Error:.034 Kurtosis (Std. Error:.067) Dominance 5325 0 to 100 4 92.07 38.54 15.38 0.294-0.477 Influence 5325 0 to 100 2.79 92.83 41.84 16.52 0.205-0.65 Supportiveness 5325 0 to 100 1.05 94.55 49.44 17.94-0.148-0.64 Conscientiousness 5325 0 to 100 1.95 88.89 44.1 15.19-0.188-0.539
Normative Information Percentiles - General Population Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 15.33 16.50 18.97 20.29 10 19.19 20.62 24.98 24.50 15 21.89 23.78 29.22 27.78 20 24.19 26.25 32.64 30.38 25 26.53 28.83 36.36 32.82 30 28.90 31.11 39.63 35.03 35 31.07 33.90 42.55 37.08 40 33.17 36.35 45.15 39.25 45 35.33 38.60 47.68 41.05 50 37.39 40.79 50.00 43.20 55 39.74 43.57 52.65 45.42 60 42.07 46.21 55.18 47.76 65 44.52 48.51 57.77 49.81 70 47.06 51.14 60.45 52.32 75 49.49 53.83 62.95 55.02 80 52.24 56.95 66.17 57.90 85 55.50 60.44 69.23 61.11 90 59.74 64.70 72.43 64.64 95 65.30 69.78 77.36 70.28 99 75.18 79.46 85.26 78.73
Percentiles Women Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 15.28 16.43 20.91 20.06 10 18.94 21.02 25.91 24.33 15 21.81 24.38 29.95 27.95 20 24.04 26.86 33.86 30.47 25 26.20 29.27 37.91 32.86 30 28.50 31.81 41.09 35.15 35 30.64 34.56 44.00 37.20 40 32.61 36.70 46.73 39.22 45 34.59 38.83 49.00 40.88 50 36.69 41.14 51.36 43.06 55 39.30 43.92 54.09 45.08 60 41.69 46.44 56.64 47.39 65 43.96 48.62 59.18 49.62 70 46.65 51.14 61.73 51.93 75 49.01 53.79 64.16 54.86 80 51.98 57.08 67.14 57.65 85 55.27 60.49 69.77 60.92 90 59.50 64.89 73.18 64.49 95 65.19 69.70 77.95 70.27 99 75.68 79.77 85.27 78.42
Percentiles Men Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 15.91 16.62 16.79 20.69 10 19.21 20.45 22.43 25.00 15 21.68 22.71 27.49 27.97 20 24.54 25.28 30.74 30.78 25 27.13 28.25 33.55 33.08 30 29.50 30.85 36.63 35.27 35 31.88 33.30 39.36 37.46 40 34.08 35.98 42.08 39.68 45 36.17 38.72 44.69 42.08 50 38.24 41.21 46.95 44.24 55 40.76 44.32 49.85 46.53 60 43.13 46.74 52.50 48.78 65 46.06 49.58 55.14 51.21 70 48.21 51.75 57.37 53.60 75 50.63 54.57 60.32 55.46 80 53.27 57.76 63.48 58.83 85 56.80 61.64 67.48 62.50 90 60.73 65.17 71.31 65.49 95 65.87 70.59 76.74 71.30 99 74.96 79.91 84.85 78.98
Percentiles Below 18 age group Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 15.49 15.58 15.95 17.73 10 18.99 19.11 21.50 21.57 15 21.43 22.32 25.27 24.68 20 23.52 25.11 29.04 27.48 25 25.26 27.03 31.45 29.87 30 27.46 28.79 34.50 31.96 35 29.31 30.50 37.72 33.68 40 31.38 32.83 40.51 35.17 45 33.06 35.32 43.10 36.97 50 35.26 37.11 45.55 39.08 55 37.11 39.51 47.44 41.10 60 39.70 42.41 49.93 43.32 65 41.89 44.76 52.69 45.78 70 44.74 47.05 55.32 48.23 75 47.20 50.03 57.75 50.51 80 49.65 52.97 60.73 53.75 85 53.65 56.10 64.35 58.00 90 58.03 59.82 68.54 61.84 95 64.77 66.97 74.51 68.24 99 76.44 78.98 83.47 77.80
Percentiles 18 to 29 age group Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 15.45 17.17 21.50 20.66 10 19.35 21.52 26.93 25.55 15 22.15 24.29 30.97 28.99 20 24.80 26.76 34.27 31.13 25 26.81 29.83 37.35 33.83 30 29.32 32.10 40.68 36.00 35 31.59 34.76 43.38 38.22 40 33.50 37.11 46.09 40.09 45 35.50 39.33 48.77 41.94 50 37.79 41.62 50.98 43.96 55 40.11 44.43 53.64 45.96 60 42.57 46.95 56.05 48.38 65 45.33 49.32 58.58 50.58 70 47.45 51.49 61.07 52.92 75 49.98 54.06 63.28 55.30 80 52.81 57.27 66.14 57.55 85 55.76 60.91 69.14 61.03 90 60.05 65.13 71.95 64.46 95 65.62 69.46 76.97 70.59 99 74.63 79.27 84.36 77.69
Percentiles 30 to 39 age group Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 14.99 16.37 20.18 23.10 10 19.29 22.67 23.73 27.34 15 22.38 26.59 29.44 30.26 20 25.11 30.48 36.02 33.03 25 27.80 32.65 40.05 35.68 30 30.13 35.82 42.84 38.37 35 32.71 37.38 45.60 40.47 40 35.24 39.50 48.29 42.71 45 37.41 41.47 49.92 44.76 50 40.56 44.32 52.64 46.73 55 42.83 46.83 56.23 48.57 60 45.39 49.20 58.70 50.65 65 47.59 52.25 61.13 53.05 70 49.35 54.75 63.75 56.44 75 52.17 57.44 67.23 58.98 80 55.47 60.89 69.30 61.39 85 59.00 64.10 73.35 64.32 90 61.97 67.99 76.14 67.96 95 67.28 74.76 79.89 73.40 99 79.98 80.08 85.54 80.13
Percentiles 40+ age group Percentiles DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 5 13.81 16.79 21.01 22.78 10 18.39 21.03 27.35 27.33 15 20.87 24.53 30.94 30.26 20 23.53 27.54 35.95 32.56 25 26.54 31.21 40.05 36.26 30 29.83 34.31 43.88 38.00 35 31.58 36.96 46.88 39.72 40 33.81 39.38 50.62 42.48 45 36.21 42.11 53.00 44.87 50 37.67 44.79 55.36 46.87 55 40.34 47.66 57.14 49.41 60 42.53 50.55 59.87 51.44 65 45.11 52.52 62.09 53.87 70 48.17 55.19 64.96 55.74 75 50.54 58.32 67.73 58.09 80 53.50 61.88 70.05 61.27 85 57.46 64.86 72.36 64.51 90 60.03 67.90 76.59 67.45 95 65.27 73.07 81.85 73.02 99 77.92 80.96 89.87 80.52
Descriptive Statistics: Graphical Results
Psychometric Report
EEOC Compliance Statistics If a scale is EEOC compliant (i.e. significant differences between scores are less than 10%), it will be labeled as Yes in the appropriate column. Scales that are not EEOC compliant will be labeled as No. Scale Name Gender Age Disability Ethnicity Dominance YES YES YES YES Influence YES YES YES YES Supportiveness YES YES YES NO Conscientiousness YES YES YES NO
Group Comparisons: Gender In the validation questions that appear at the end of the assessment, participants were asked to select their gender from a dropdown menu. All participants can choose not to answer the question by either skipping it entirely or choosing I don t want to answer. 4,424 people responded to the gender question; 901 chose not to. The following is an Independent-measures t-test comparing two groups: Men (n = 1315) and Women (n = 3109). Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Sig. t df Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Difference Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS Equal variances assumed 1.007.316-2.190 4422.029-1.11446.50878-2.11193 -.11700 Equal variances not assumed -2.172 2427.194.030-1.11446.51313-2.12068 -.10825 Equal variances assumed 3.975.046.044 4422.965.02397.54551-1.04551 1.09345 Equal variances not assumed.043 2412.489.965.02397.55170-1.05789 1.10582 Equal variances assumed.517.472 6.028 4422.000 3.54138.58750 2.38959 4.69318 Equal variances not assumed 5.988 2436.886.000 3.54138.59145 2.38158 4.70119 Equal variances assumed 1.273.259-1.781 4422.075 -.88990.49969-1.86954.08973 Equal variances not assumed -1.771 2442.186.077 -.88990.50256-1.87539.09558
Gender Analysis Gender: Women (n = 3,109) Men (n = 1,315) Analysis shows significant differences on the following scales (p <.05): Men (xˉ = 39.3) outscored women (xˉ = 38.2) on the Dominance scale (t(4422) = -2.190; p < 0.05). Women (xˉ = 50.6) outscored men (xˉ = 47.1) on the Supportiveness scale (t(4422) = 6.028; p < 0.001). Significant differences were not found for the Influence scale and the Conscientiousness scale.
Gender Analysis Graphical Results
Psychometric Report
Group Comparisons: Age In the validation questions that appear at the end of the assessment, participants were asked to select their age from a dropdown menu. All participants can choose not to answer the question by either skipping it entirely or choosing I don t want to answer. 4,167 people responded to the age question; 1,158 chose not to. Note: Age data was recoded into the following age categories: Below 18 (n = 1073) 18-29 (n = 2074) 30-39 (n = 457) 40+ (n = 583) Note: In the Anova using the entire sample (a one-way, independent-measures test with 4 groups), the assumption of Homogeneity of Variance was violated for 2 of the 4 scales. To remedy this problem, another Anova, adjusted for sample size, was performed by selecting a random sample of 457 for the Below 18, 18-29, and 40+ age groups. Below, we show the Test of Homogeneity of Variances tables and Anova tables for both the original sample and the equalized sample. The results that will be reported are based on the Anova using the equalized sample. Post-hoc test used: Tukey.
Test of Homogeneity of Variances - Original sample Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. DOMINANCE 2.543 3 4163.055 INFLUENCE 4.455 3 4163.004 SUPPORTIVENESS 2.921 3 4163.033 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.743 3 4163.526 DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ANOVA - Original sample Sum of Mean df Squares Square F Sig. Between Groups 4332.454 3 1444.151 6.027.000 Within Groups 997521.840 4163 239.616 Total 1001854.295 4166 Between Groups 18915.512 3 6305.171 23.467.000 Within Groups 1118510.672 4163 268.679 Total 1137426.184 4166 Between Groups 33014.094 3 11004.698 35.194.000 Within Groups 1301730.985 4163 312.691 Total 1334745.079 4166 Between Groups 22952.943 3 7650.981 33.949.000 Within Groups 938202.593 4163 225.367 Total 961155.536 4166
Test of Homogeneity of Variances Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. DOMINANCE.723 3 1824.538 INFLUENCE 1.581 3 1824.192 SUPPORTIVENESS 2.319 3 1824.074 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.282 3 1824.839 DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ANOVA - Equalized sample Sum of Mean df Squares Square F Sig. Between Groups 1698.970 3 566.323 2.274.078 Within Groups 454227.312 1824 249.028 Total 455926.282 1827 Between Groups 8991.450 3 2997.150 10.819.000 Within Groups 505301.776 1824 277.029 Total 514293.227 1827 Between Groups 16070.255 3 5356.752 16.746.000 Within Groups 583471.971 1824 319.886 Total 599542.226 1827 Between Groups 9019.896 3 3006.632 12.740.000 Within Groups 430453.499 1824 235.994 Total 439473.395 1827
Dependent Variable DOMINANCE INFLUENCE Multiple Comparisons Equalized sample (I) Age Groups Below 18 18-29 30-39 40+ Below 18 18-29 30-39 40+ 95% Confidence Mean (J) Age Std. Interval Difference Sig. Groups Error Lower Upper (I-J) Bound Bound 18-29 -.57416 1.04395.947-3.2586 2.1103 30-39 -2.59556 1.04395.062-5.2800.0889 40+ -1.06897 1.04395.735-3.7534 1.6155 Below 18.57416 1.04395.947-2.1103 3.2586 30-39 -2.02140 1.04395.213-4.7058.6630 40+ -.49481 1.04395.965-3.1792 2.1896 Below 18 2.59556 1.04395.062 -.0889 5.2800 18-29 2.02140 1.04395.213 -.6630 4.7058 40+ 1.52659 1.04395.461-1.1578 4.2110 Below 18 1.06897 1.04395.735-1.6155 3.7534 18-29.49481 1.04395.965-2.1896 3.1792 30-39 -1.52659 1.04395.461-4.2110 1.1578 18-29 -2.20822 1.10108.186-5.0395.6231 30-39 -5.38227 1.10108.000-8.2136-2.5509 40+ -5.12119 1.10108.000-7.9525-2.2899 Below 18 2.20822 1.10108.186 -.6231 5.0395 30-39 -3.17405 1.10108.021-6.0054 -.3427 40+ -2.91296 1.10108.041-5.7443 -.0816 Below 18 5.38227 1.10108.000 2.5509 8.2136 18-29 3.17405 1.10108.021.3427 6.0054 40+.26108 1.10108.995-2.5702 3.0924 Below 18 5.12119 1.10108.000 2.2899 7.9525 18-29 2.91296 1.10108.041.0816 5.7443 30-39 -.26108 1.10108.995-3.0924 2.5702
Dependent Variable SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS Multiple Comparisons Equalized sample (I) Age Groups Below 18 18-29 30-39 40+ Below 18 18-29 30-39 40+ 95% Confidence Mean (J) Age Std. Interval Difference Sig. Groups Error Lower Upper (I-J) Bound Bound 18-29 -5.30470 1.18319.000-8.3472-2.2622 30-39 -6.61816 1.18319.000-9.6606-3.5757 40+ -7.73543 1.18319.000-10.7779-4.6930 Below 18 5.30470 1.18319.000 2.2622 8.3472 30-39 -1.31346 1.18319.683-4.3559 1.7290 40+ -2.43072 1.18319.169-5.4732.6117 Below 18 6.61816 1.18319.000 3.5757 9.6606 18-29 1.31346 1.18319.683-1.7290 4.3559 40+ -1.11727 1.18319.781-4.1597 1.9252 Below 18 7.73543 1.18319.000 4.6930 10.7779 18-29 2.43072 1.18319.169 -.6117 5.4732 30-39 1.11727 1.18319.781-1.9252 4.1597 18-29 -3.75032 1.01627.001-6.3636-1.1371 30-39 -5.47152 1.01627.000-8.0847-2.8583 40+ -5.40696 1.01627.000-8.0202-2.7937 Below 18 3.75032 1.01627.001 1.1371 6.3636 30-39 -1.72119 1.01627.327-4.3344.8920 40+ -1.65664 1.01627.362-4.2699.9566 Below 18 5.47152 1.01627.000 2.8583 8.0847 18-29 1.72119 1.01627.327 -.8920 4.3344 40+.06456 1.01627 1.000-2.5487 2.6778 Below 18 5.40696 1.01627.000 2.7937 8.0202 18-29 1.65664 1.01627.362 -.9566 4.2699 30-39 -.06456 1.01627 1.000-2.6778 2.5487
Age Group Analysis Age groups: Below 18 (n = 457) 18 to 29 (n = 457) 30 to 39 (n = 457) 40+ (n = 457) Analysis shows significant differences on the following scales: A significant ANOVA was found on the Influence scale (F(3,1824) = 10.82 p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Below 18 age group (xˉ = 39.6) and the 18 to 29 (xˉ = 41.8) were outscored (p <.05) by the 30 to 39 (xˉ = 45.0) and 40+ (xˉ = 44.7) age groups. A significant ANOVA was found on the Supportiveness scale (F(3,1824) = 16.75 p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Below 18 age group (xˉ = 45.4) were outscored (p <.001) by the 18 to 29 (xˉ = 50.7), 30 to 39 (xˉ = 52.0) and 40+ (xˉ = 53.2) age groups. A significant ANOVA was found on the Conscientiousness scale (F(3,1824) = 12.74 p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Below 18 age group (xˉ = 41.8) were outscored (p <.01) by the 18 to 29 (xˉ =45.5), 30 to 39 (xˉ = 47.3) and 40+ (xˉ = 47.2) age groups. Significant differences were not found on the Dominance scale.
Age Group Analysis Graphical Results
Psychometric Report
Group Comparisons: Disability In the validation questions that appear at the end of the assessment, participants were asked the following question: Are you a person with a disability as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? Yes No Participants were then asked to check the box that best describes their disability, and to specify their diagnosis (by typing in a textbox). Disabilities including the following: Physical/Systemic disability (e.g. lupus, MS, CP) Hearing impairment or deafness Visual impairment or blindness Cognitive disability (e.g. learning disability, post-stroke) Psychiatric disability (e.g. depression, bi-polar disorder) Other (with textbox to allow participants to enter their own response) Note: All participants can choose not to answer the question by skipping it entirely. 4,449 people (494 disabled, 3,955 non-disabled) responded to the disability question; 876 chose not to. The sample size of the disabled group was much smaller than the size of the group without a disability. Therefore, an equal-sized sample without a disability was formed by randomly selecting subjects to match for age and gender with the disabled group. The following is an Independent-measures t-test comparing two groups: Disabled (n = 494) and Non-disabled (n = 494).
DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of t-test for Equality of Means Variances F Sig. t df 95% Confidence Interval Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error of the Difference tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper Equal variances assumed.217.642-3.397 892.001-3.43097 1.00995-5.41314-1.44881 Equal variances not assumed -3.397 888.243.001-3.43097 1.00995-5.41315-1.44880 Equal variances assumed 3.211.074-1.235 892.217-1.34500 1.08925-3.48280.79279 Equal variances not assumed -1.235 889.268.217-1.34500 1.08925-3.48281.79280 Equal variances assumed.385.535 -.506 892.613 -.61592 1.21648-3.00342 1.77158 Equal variances not assumed -.506 891.967.613 -.61592 1.21648-3.00342 1.77158 Equal variances assumed.004.948.179 892.858.18095 1.01204-1.80531 2.16721 Equal variances not assumed.179 891.969.858.18095 1.01204-1.80532 2.16721
Disability Analysis Groups: Yes (n = 447) No (n = 447) Analysis shows significant differences on the following scales (p <.05): The Disabled group (xˉ = 39.4) outscored the Non-disabled group (xˉ = 36.0) on the Dominance scale (t(892) = -3.397; p < 0.01). Significant differences were not found on the Influence scale, Supportiveness scale, and Conscientiousness scale.
Disability Analysis Graphical Results
Psychometric Report
Group Comparisons: Ethnicity In the validation questions that appear at the end of the assessment, participants were asked the following question: Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Asian Chinese Asian Filipino Asian Vietnamese Asian Japanese Asian Korean Asian Pacific Islander Asian Other Black African Black African-American Black Caribbean Black Other Caucasian European Caucasian North American Caucasian Australian Caucasian Other Hispanic South American Hispanic European Hispanic Other Jewish North American Jewish Middle Eastern Jewish European Middle Eastern Bahraini Middle Eastern Iranian Middle Eastern Egyptian Middle Eastern Persian Middle Eastern Arab Middle Eastern Kuwaiti Middle Eastern Pakistani Middle Eastern - Turkish Middle Eastern Armenian Middle Eastern Indian Middle Eastern Other Native American Two or more of the above Other In order to reduce the amount of groups in the analysis, ethnicity was recoded as follows: Asian Chinese, Asian Filipino, Asian Vietnamese, Asian Japanese, Asian Korean, Asian Pacific Islander, Asian Other => Recoded as Asian (n= 711) Black African, Black African-American, Black Caribbean, Black Other => Recoded as Black (n= 165) Caucasian European, Caucasian North American, Caucasian Australian, Caucasian Other => Recoded as Caucasian (n= 2277) Hispanic South American, Hispanic European, Hispanic Other => Recoded as Hispanic (n= 193) Jewish North American, Jewish Middle Eastern, Jewish European => Recoded as Jewish (n= 26) Middle Eastern Bahraini, Middle Eastern Iranian, Middle Eastern Egyptian, Middle Eastern Persian, Middle Eastern Arab, Middle Eastern Kuwaiti, Middle Eastern Pakistani, Middle Eastern Turkish, Middle Eastern Armenian, Middle Eastern Indian, Middle Eastern Other => Recoded as Middle Eastern (n= 71) Native American => Remained the same (n= 36) Two or more of the above => Remained the same (n= 164) Other => Remained the same (n= 97)
Note: All participants can choose not to answer the question by skipping it entirely or selecting I don t want to answer. 3,740 people responded to the question; 1585 chose not to. Below, we show the Test of Homogeneity of Variances tables and Anova tables. Post-hoc test used: Tukey. Test of Homogeneity of Variances Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. DOMINANCE.605 8 3731.775 INFLUENCE 1.683 8 3731.097 SUPPORTIVENESS 1.198 8 3731.296 CONSCIENTIOUSNESS 1.269 8 3731.255 DOMINANCE INFLUENCE SUPPORTIVENESS CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ANOVA Sum of Mean df Squares Square F Sig. Between Groups 2675.078 8 334.385 1.399.192 Within Groups 891835.099 3731 239.034 Total 894510.177 3739 Between Groups 10207.700 8 1275.963 4.693.000 Within Groups 1014310.126 3731 271.860 Total 1024517.826 3739 Between Groups 9893.109 8 1236.639 3.892.000 Within Groups 1185383.110 3731 317.712 Total 1195276.219 3739 Between Groups 6407.760 8 800.970 3.590.000 Within Groups 832509.793 3731 223.133 Total 838917.553 3739
Dependent Variable DOMINANCE (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Asian Black Caucasian Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Black -.86895 1.33600.999-5.0153 3.2774 Caucasian.05998.66421 1.000-2.0014 2.1214 Hispanic -1.40158 1.25487.972-5.2962 2.4930 Jewish.45135 3.08704 1.000-9.1295 10.0322 Middle Eastern -.31131 1.92428 1.000-6.2834 5.6608 Native American 2.48554 2.64122.991-5.7116 10.6827 Two or more ethnicities -2.21015 1.33930.777-6.3667 1.9464 Other ethnicity 3.43027 1.67346.508-1.7634 8.6240 Asian.86895 1.33600.999-3.2774 5.0153 Caucasian.92893 1.24646.998-2.9395 4.7974 Hispanic -.53262 1.63927 1.000-5.6202 4.5550 Jewish 1.32030 3.26225 1.000-8.8043 11.4449 Middle Eastern.55765 2.19439 1.000-6.2528 7.3681 Native American 3.35449 2.84403.961-5.4721 12.1811 Two or more ethnicities -1.34120 1.70476.997-6.6320 3.9496 Other ethnicity 4.29922 1.97812.423-1.8400 10.4384 Asian -.05998.66421 1.000-2.1214 2.0014 Black -.92893 1.24646.998-4.7974 2.9395 Hispanic -1.46156 1.15909.942-5.0589 2.1358 Jewish.39137 3.04936 1.000-9.0725 9.8552 Middle Eastern -.37129 1.86324 1.000-6.1540 5.4114 Native American 2.42556 2.59708.991-5.6346 10.4857 Two or more ethnicities -2.27013 1.25000.672-6.1496 1.6093 Other ethnicity 3.37029 1.60289.472-1.6044 8.3449
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Hispanic Jewish Middle Eastern Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian 1.40158 1.25487.972-2.4930 5.2962 Black.53262 1.63927 1.000-4.5550 5.6202 Caucasian 1.46156 1.15909.942-2.1358 5.0589 Jewish 1.85293 3.22988 1.000-8.1712 11.8771 Middle Eastern 1.09027 2.14597 1.000-5.5699 7.7504 Native American 3.88711 2.80684.904-4.8241 12.5983 Two or more ethnicities -.80857 1.64196 1.000-5.9045 4.2874 Other ethnicity 4.83184 1.92426.227-1.1402 10.8039 Asian -.45135 3.08704 1.000-10.0322 9.1295 Black -1.32030 3.26225 1.000-11.4449 8.8043 Caucasian -.39137 3.04936 1.000-9.8552 9.0725 Hispanic -1.85293 3.22988 1.000-11.8771 8.1712 Middle Eastern -.76266 3.54405 1.000-11.7618 10.2365 Native American 2.03419 3.97912 1.000-10.3153 14.3837 Two or more ethnicities -2.66150 3.26361.996-12.7903 7.4673 Other ethnicity 2.97892 3.41436.994-7.6178 13.5756 Asian.31131 1.92428 1.000-5.6608 6.2834 Black -.55765 2.19439 1.000-7.3681 6.2528 Caucasian.37129 1.86324 1.000-5.4114 6.1540 Hispanic -1.09027 2.14597 1.000-7.7504 5.5699 Jewish.76266 3.54405 1.000-10.2365 11.7618 Native American 2.79684 3.16331.994-7.0207 12.6144 Two or more ethnicities -1.89884 2.19641.995-8.7155 4.9178 Other ethnicity 3.74157 2.41473.832-3.7527 11.2359
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Native American Two or more ethnicities Other ethnicity Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian -2.48554 2.64122.991-10.6827 5.7116 Black -3.35449 2.84403.961-12.1811 5.4721 Caucasian -2.42556 2.59708.991-10.4857 5.6346 Hispanic -3.88711 2.80684.904-12.5983 4.8241 Jewish -2.03419 3.97912 1.000-14.3837 10.3153 Middle Eastern -2.79684 3.16331.994-12.6144 7.0207 Two or more ethnicities -4.69569 2.84558.777-13.5271 4.1358 Other ethnicity.94473 3.01730 1.000-8.4196 10.3091 Asian 2.21015 1.33930.777-1.9464 6.3667 Black 1.34120 1.70476.997-3.9496 6.6320 Caucasian 2.27013 1.25000.672-1.6093 6.1496 Hispanic.80857 1.64196 1.000-4.2874 5.9045 Jewish 2.66150 3.26361.996-7.4673 12.7903 Middle Eastern 1.89884 2.19641.995-4.9178 8.7155 Native American 4.69569 2.84558.777-4.1358 13.5271 Other ethnicity 5.64042 1.98035.102 -.5057 11.7866 Asian -3.43027 1.67346.508-8.6240 1.7634 Black -4.29922 1.97812.423-10.4384 1.8400 Caucasian -3.37029 1.60289.472-8.3449 1.6044 Hispanic -4.83184 1.92426.227-10.8039 1.1402 Jewish -2.97892 3.41436.994-13.5756 7.6178 Middle Eastern -3.74157 2.41473.832-11.2359 3.7527 Native American -.94473 3.01730 1.000-10.3091 8.4196 Two or more ethnicities -5.64042 1.98035.102-11.7866.5057
Dependent Variable INFLUENCE (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Asian Black Caucasian Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Black -2.59818 1.42478.666-7.0201 1.8237 Caucasian -2.94070.70835.001-5.1391 -.7423 Hispanic -.93103 1.33827.999-5.0844 3.2224 Jewish -2.05895 3.29219.999-12.2765 8.1586 Middle Eastern 1.53836 2.05216.998-4.8307 7.9074 Native American 2.31454 2.81674.996-6.4274 11.0565 Two or more ethnicities -2.14137 1.42830.856-6.5742 2.2915 Other ethnicity 4.04155 1.78467.364-1.4973 9.5804 Asian 2.59818 1.42478.666-1.8237 7.0201 Caucasian -.34252 1.32930 1.000-4.4681 3.7830 Hispanic 1.66714 1.74821.990-3.7585 7.0928 Jewish.53922 3.47905 1.000-10.2582 11.3367 Middle Eastern 4.13653 2.34022.704-3.1265 11.3996 Native American 4.91271 3.03304.794-4.5005 14.3259 Two or more ethnicities.45681 1.81805 1.000-5.1856 6.0993 Other ethnicity 6.63973 2.10958.044.0925 13.1869 Asian 2.94070.70835.001.7423 5.1391 Black.34252 1.32930 1.000-3.7830 4.4681 Hispanic 2.00966 1.23612.791-1.8267 5.8460 Jewish.88174 3.25201 1.000-9.2111 10.9746 Middle Eastern 4.47905 1.98706.371-1.6879 10.6460 Native American 5.25523 2.76967.616-3.3406 13.8511 Two or more ethnicities.79933 1.33307 1.000-3.3379 4.9366 Other ethnicity 6.98225 1.70941.001 1.6770 12.2875
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Hispanic Jewish Middle Eastern Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian.93103 1.33827.999-3.2224 5.0844 Black -1.66714 1.74821.990-7.0928 3.7585 Caucasian -2.00966 1.23612.791-5.8460 1.8267 Jewish -1.12792 3.44453 1.000-11.8182 9.5624 Middle Eastern 2.46939 2.28858.977-4.6334 9.5722 Native American 3.24557 2.99337.977-6.0445 12.5357 Two or more ethnicities -1.21034 1.75108.999-6.6449 4.2243 Other ethnicity 4.97259 2.05214.271-1.3964 11.3415 Asian 2.05895 3.29219.999-8.1586 12.2765 Black -.53922 3.47905 1.000-11.3367 10.2582 Caucasian -.88174 3.25201 1.000-10.9746 9.2111 Hispanic 1.12792 3.44453 1.000-9.5624 11.8182 Middle Eastern 3.59731 3.77957.990-8.1328 15.3275 Native American 4.37349 4.24356.983-8.7967 17.5437 Two or more ethnicities -.08242 3.48049 1.000-10.8844 10.7195 Other ethnicity 6.10051 3.64127.762-5.2004 17.4014 Asian -1.53836 2.05216.998-7.9074 4.8307 Black -4.13653 2.34022.704-11.3996 3.1265 Caucasian -4.47905 1.98706.371-10.6460 1.6879 Hispanic -2.46939 2.28858.977-9.5722 4.6334 Jewish -3.59731 3.77957.990-15.3275 8.1328 Native American.77618 3.37353 1.000-9.6938 11.2461 Two or more ethnicities -3.67973 2.34237.821-10.9494 3.5900 Other ethnicity 2.50320 2.57521.988-5.4891 10.4955
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Native American Two or more ethnicities Other ethnicity Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian -2.31454 2.81674.996-11.0565 6.4274 Black -4.91271 3.03304.794-14.3259 4.5005 Caucasian -5.25523 2.76967.616-13.8511 3.3406 Hispanic -3.24557 2.99337.977-12.5357 6.0445 Jewish -4.37349 4.24356.983-17.5437 8.7967 Middle Eastern -.77618 3.37353 1.000-11.2461 9.6938 Two or more ethnicities -4.45591 3.03469.870-13.8743 4.9625 Other ethnicity 1.72702 3.21782 1.000-8.2597 11.7137 Asian 2.14137 1.42830.856-2.2915 6.5742 Black -.45681 1.81805 1.000-6.0993 5.1856 Caucasian -.79933 1.33307 1.000-4.9366 3.3379 Hispanic 1.21034 1.75108.999-4.2243 6.6449 Jewish.08242 3.48049 1.000-10.7195 10.8844 Middle Eastern 3.67973 2.34237.821-3.5900 10.9494 Native American 4.45591 3.03469.870-4.9625 13.8743 Other ethnicity 6.18293 2.11196.083 -.3717 12.7375 Asian -4.04155 1.78467.364-9.5804 1.4973 Black -6.63973 2.10958.044-13.1869 -.0925 Caucasian -6.98225 1.70941.001-12.2875-1.6770 Hispanic -4.97259 2.05214.271-11.3415 1.3964 Jewish -6.10051 3.64127.762-17.4014 5.2004 Middle Eastern -2.50320 2.57521.988-10.4955 5.4891 Native American -1.72702 3.21782 1.000-11.7137 8.2597 Two or more ethnicities -6.18293 2.11196.083-12.7375.3717
Dependent Variable SUPPORTIVENESS (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Asian Black Caucasian Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Black -4.49033 1.54025.085-9.2706.2899 Caucasian -2.05863.76576.152-4.4352.3179 Hispanic.42666 1.44673 1.000-4.0634 4.9167 Jewish 2.75640 3.55901.998-8.2892 13.8020 Middle Eastern -2.25026 2.21848.985-9.1355 4.6349 Native American -1.75448 3.04503 1.000-11.2049 7.6960 Two or more ethnicities 1.06636 1.54406.999-3.7257 5.8584 Other ethnicity 4.88327 1.92931.217-1.1045 10.8710 Asian 4.49033 1.54025.085 -.2899 9.2706 Caucasian 2.43170 1.43703.752-2.0282 6.8916 Hispanic 4.91700 1.88989.186 -.9484 10.7824 Jewish 7.24674 3.76101.595-4.4258 18.9193 Middle Eastern 2.24007 2.52989.994-5.6116 10.0917 Native American 2.73586 3.27885.996-7.4403 12.9120 Two or more ethnicities 5.55669 1.96540.108 -.5431 11.6564 Other ethnicity 9.37360 2.28055.001 2.2958 16.4514 Asian 2.05863.76576.152 -.3179 4.4352 Black -2.43170 1.43703.752-6.8916 2.0282 Hispanic 2.48530 1.33630.642-1.6620 6.6326 Jewish 4.81504 3.51557.909-6.0958 15.7258 Middle Eastern -.19163 2.14810 1.000-6.8584 6.4751 Native American.30416 2.99414 1.000-8.9883 9.5967 Two or more ethnicities 3.12499 1.44111.427-1.3476 7.5976 Other ethnicity 6.94190 1.84795.005 1.2067 12.6771
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Hispanic Jewish Middle Eastern Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian -.42666 1.44673 1.000-4.9167 4.0634 Black -4.91700 1.88989.186-10.7824.9484 Caucasian -2.48530 1.33630.642-6.6326 1.6620 Jewish 2.32974 3.72369.999-9.2270 13.8864 Middle Eastern -2.67693 2.47406.977-10.3553 5.0015 Native American -2.18114 3.23597.999-12.2242 7.8619 Two or more ethnicities.63969 1.89300 1.000-5.2353 6.5147 Other ethnicity 4.45661 2.21846.537-2.4285 11.3417 Asian -2.75640 3.55901.998-13.8020 8.2892 Black -7.24674 3.76101.595-18.9193 4.4258 Caucasian -4.81504 3.51557.909-15.7258 6.0958 Hispanic -2.32974 3.72369.999-13.8864 9.2270 Middle Eastern -5.00667 4.08589.951-17.6875 7.6742 Native American -4.51088 4.58749.987-18.7484 9.7267 Two or more ethnicities -1.69005 3.76257 1.000-13.3674 9.9873 Other ethnicity 2.12687 3.93638 1.000-10.0899 14.3437 Asian 2.25026 2.21848.985-4.6349 9.1355 Black -2.24007 2.52989.994-10.0917 5.6116 Caucasian.19163 2.14810 1.000-6.4751 6.8584 Hispanic 2.67693 2.47406.977-5.0015 10.3553 Jewish 5.00667 4.08589.951-7.6742 17.6875 Native American.49579 3.64694 1.000-10.8227 11.8143 Two or more ethnicities 3.31662 2.53221.929-4.5423 11.1755 Other ethnicity 7.13353 2.78392.203-1.5065 15.7736
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Native American Two or more ethnicities Other ethnicity Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian 1.75448 3.04503 1.000-7.6960 11.2049 Black -2.73586 3.27885.996-12.9120 7.4403 Caucasian -.30416 2.99414 1.000-9.5967 8.9883 Hispanic 2.18114 3.23597.999-7.8619 12.2242 Jewish 4.51088 4.58749.987-9.7267 18.7484 Middle Eastern -.49579 3.64694 1.000-11.8143 10.8227 Two or more ethnicities 2.82083 3.28064.995-7.3608 13.0025 Other ethnicity 6.63774 3.47861.608-4.1583 17.4338 Asian -1.06636 1.54406.999-5.8584 3.7257 Black -5.55669 1.96540.108-11.6564.5431 Caucasian -3.12499 1.44111.427-7.5976 1.3476 Hispanic -.63969 1.89300 1.000-6.5147 5.2353 Jewish 1.69005 3.76257 1.000-9.9873 13.3674 Middle Eastern -3.31662 2.53221.929-11.1755 4.5423 Native American -2.82083 3.28064.995-13.0025 7.3608 Other ethnicity 3.81691 2.28312.764-3.2689 10.9027 Asian -4.88327 1.92931.217-10.8710 1.1045 Black -9.37360 2.28055.001-16.4514-2.2958 Caucasian -6.94190 1.84795.005-12.6771-1.2067 Hispanic -4.45661 2.21846.537-11.3417 2.4285 Jewish -2.12687 3.93638 1.000-14.3437 10.0899 Middle Eastern -7.13353 2.78392.203-15.7736 1.5065 Native American -6.63774 3.47861.608-17.4338 4.1583 Two or more ethnicities -3.81691 2.28312.764-10.9027 3.2689
Dependent Variable CONSCIENTIOUSNESS (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Asian Black Caucasian Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Black 2.13451 1.29080.775-1.8716 6.1406 Caucasian.31925.64174 1.000-1.6724 2.3109 Hispanic.31020 1.21242 1.000-3.4526 4.0730 Jewish 1.14366 2.98260 1.000-8.1130 10.4003 Middle Eastern.28208 1.85918 1.000-5.4880 6.0522 Native American 4.22029 2.55186.775-3.6996 12.1401 Two or more ethnicities -2.12457 1.29399.782-6.1405 1.8914 Other ethnicity 6.98272 1.61684.001 1.9648 12.0007 Asian -2.13451 1.29080.775-6.1406 1.8716 Caucasian -1.81526 1.20429.852-5.5529 1.9223 Hispanic -1.82431 1.58381.966-6.7398 3.0911 Jewish -.99085 3.15188 1.000-10.7729 8.7912 Middle Eastern -1.85243 2.12015.994-8.4325 4.7276 Native American 2.08578 2.74781.998-6.4422 10.6138 Two or more ethnicities -4.25908 1.64709.193-9.3709.8528 Other ethnicity 4.84821 1.91119.215-1.0833 10.7797 Asian -.31925.64174 1.000-2.3109 1.6724 Black 1.81526 1.20429.852-1.9223 5.5529 Hispanic -.00905 1.11988 1.000-3.4847 3.4666 Jewish.82441 2.94619 1.000-8.3193 9.9681 Middle Eastern -.03717 1.80020 1.000-5.6242 5.5499 Native American 3.90103 2.50921.829-3.8865 11.6885 Two or more ethnicities -2.44383 1.20771.527-6.1920 1.3044 Other ethnicity 6.66347 1.54866.001 1.8571 11.4698
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Hispanic Jewish Middle Eastern Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian -.31020 1.21242 1.000-4.0730 3.4526 Black 1.82431 1.58381.966-3.0911 6.7398 Caucasian.00905 1.11988 1.000-3.4666 3.4847 Jewish.83346 3.12060 1.000-8.8515 10.5185 Middle Eastern -.02812 2.07337 1.000-6.4629 6.4067 Native American 3.91009 2.71188.882-4.5064 12.3266 Two or more ethnicities -2.43477 1.58641.839-7.3583 2.4888 Other ethnicity 6.67252 1.85916.010.9025 12.4425 Asian -1.14366 2.98260 1.000-10.4003 8.1130 Black.99085 3.15188 1.000-8.7912 10.7729 Caucasian -.82441 2.94619 1.000-9.9681 8.3193 Hispanic -.83346 3.12060 1.000-10.5185 8.8515 Middle Eastern -.86159 3.42414 1.000-11.4886 9.7655 Native American 3.07662 3.84450.997-8.8550 15.0083 Two or more ethnicities -3.26824 3.15319.982-13.0544 6.5179 Other ethnicity 5.83906 3.29885.702-4.3991 16.0772 Asian -.28208 1.85918 1.000-6.0522 5.4880 Black 1.85243 2.12015.994-4.7276 8.4325 Caucasian.03717 1.80020 1.000-5.5499 5.6242 Hispanic.02812 2.07337 1.000-6.4067 6.4629 Jewish.86159 3.42414 1.000-9.7655 11.4886 Native American 3.93821 3.05628.935-5.5472 13.4236 Two or more ethnicities -2.40665 2.12210.969-8.9927 4.1794 Other ethnicity 6.70064 2.33304.096 -.5401 13.9414
Dependent Variable (I) Which of the following best describes your ethnicity? Native American Two or more ethnicities Other ethnicity Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD (J) Which of the following Mean 95% Confidence Interval Std. best describes your Difference Sig. Error Lower Upper ethnicity? (I-J) Bound Bound Asian -4.22029 2.55186.775-12.1401 3.6996 Black -2.08578 2.74781.998-10.6138 6.4422 Caucasian -3.90103 2.50921.829-11.6885 3.8865 Hispanic -3.91009 2.71188.882-12.3266 4.5064 Jewish -3.07662 3.84450.997-15.0083 8.8550 Middle Eastern -3.93821 3.05628.935-13.4236 5.5472 Two or more ethnicities -6.34486 2.74931.337-14.8775 2.1878 Other ethnicity 2.76244 2.91522.990-6.2851 11.8100 Asian 2.12457 1.29399.782-1.8914 6.1405 Black 4.25908 1.64709.193 -.8528 9.3709 Caucasian 2.44383 1.20771.527-1.3044 6.1920 Hispanic 2.43477 1.58641.839-2.4888 7.3583 Jewish 3.26824 3.15319.982-6.5179 13.0544 Middle Eastern 2.40665 2.12210.969-4.1794 8.9927 Native American 6.34486 2.74931.337-2.1878 14.8775 Other ethnicity 9.10730 1.91335.000 3.1691 15.0455 Asian -6.98272 1.61684.001-12.0007-1.9648 Black -4.84821 1.91119.215-10.7797 1.0833 Caucasian -6.66347 1.54866.001-11.4698-1.8571 Hispanic -6.67252 1.85916.010-12.4425 -.9025 Jewish -5.83906 3.29885.702-16.0772 4.3991 Middle Eastern -6.70064 2.33304.096-13.9414.5401 Native American -2.76244 2.91522.990-11.8100 6.2851 Two or more ethnicities -9.10730 1.91335.000-15.0455-3.1691
Ethnicity Analysis Ethnic groups: Asian (n = 711) Black (n = 165) Caucasian (n = 2277) Hispanic (n = 193) Jewish (n = 26) Middle Eastern (n = 71) Native American (n = 36) Two or more ethnicities (n = 164) Other (n = 97) Analysis shows significant differences on the following scales: A significant ANOVA was found on the Influence scale (F(8,3731) = 4.693; p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Caucasian group (xˉ = 43.4) outscored (p <.01) the Asian group (xˉ = 40.4). Post-hoc analyses also showed that the Black group (xˉ = 43.0) outscored (p <.05) the Other group (xˉ = 36.4). A significant ANOVA was found on the Supportiveness scale (F(8,3731) = 3.892; p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Caucasian group (xˉ = 50.5) and the Black group (xˉ = 53.0) outscored (p <.01) the Other group (xˉ = 43.6). A significant ANOVA was found on the Conscientiousness scale (F(8,3731) = 3.590; p <.001). Post-hoc analyses showed that the Other group (xˉ = 37.7) were outscored (p <.05) by the Asian (xˉ = 44.7), Caucasian (xˉ = 44.3), Hispanic (xˉ = 44.4), and Two or more ethnicities group (xˉ = 46.8). Significant differences were not found for the Dominance scale.
Ethnicity Analysis Graphical Results
Psychometric Report
Reliability Analysis Note: Reliability analysis is based on full sample of 5,325. Some scales share questions. For more information, see Test Description. Scale Name Number of Items Cronbach's Alpha Spearman- Brown Coefficient Guttman Split- Half Coefficient Standard Error of Measurement Dominance 47 0.77 0.58 0.55 7.2 Influence 35 0.81 0.68 0.67 7.4 Supportiveness 31 0.83 0.78 0.78 7.4 Conscientiousness 41 0.79 0.52 0.51 6.9