The Canadian Ttal Diet Study Presentatin t the NCCEH/PHAC Envirnmental Health Wrkshp Rbin Churchill, Rbert Dabeka and Dn Frsyth Bureau f Chemical Safety February 25-26, 2013
Outline 1. Objective f the TDS 2. Design f the TDS 3. Hw TDS data is used ο Radinuclides ο Lead ο Bisphenl A 4. Cnclusins 2
T prvide a representative picture f expsure t substances that Canadians cnsume: Fds are purchased at retail Fd samples are prcessed fr cnsumptin befre analysis Analysis is perfrmed fr specific chemicals Dietary intakes are calculated using Canadian fd intake data The Ttal Diet Study (TDS) has been nging since 1969, and prvides an pprtunity t: Ttal Diet Study: Objective Observe trends Prvide Canadian data that can be used in develping risk assessments and risk management strategies Measure the effectiveness f RM strategies 3
Ttal Diet Study A Mandated Activity The TDS is rganized by the Fd Research Divisin in the Bureau f Chemical Safety data is used by partners within Health Canada Nutritin Research Evaluatin Divisins the labratries f the Regins and Prgrams Branch the Pest Management Regulatry Agency HECSB and utside f Health Canada Canadian Fd Inspectin Agency Cdex (JECFA, CCFA, CCCF) Other jurisdictins 4
Basic Study Design Apprximately 1500 fd samples frm 4 different fd retail utlets are purchased by CFIA inspectrs in ne Canadian city per year Cllected fds are shipped t the University f Guelph, Kemptville Campus. Fds are: prepared fr cnsumptin, divided int cmpsites using specific recipes develped by Health Canada. Fd cmpsites are hmgenized, frzen and shipped t the testing labratries. 5
Study Cllectin Sites Whitehrse St. Jhn s Vancuver Calgary Winnipeg Quebec City Ottawa Mntreal Trnt Halifax 6
Annual cllectin frm ne city/year Assists in managing wrk lad with available labratry capacity Supprts cntinuity f labratry expertise Facilitates trend analysis f chemical cntaminant levels 159 fd cmpsites TDS - Design Specifics Prvides baseline levels f chemical cntaminants in a wide range f fd prducts which is a useful reference during suspected fd cntaminatin incidents Natinal screening f the fd supply fr accidental r deliberate cntaminatin Fur surces (brands) f each fd per cmpsite E.g. 4- types pancake batter (incmplete) and 4- types waffles in pancake/ waffle cmpsite With such lw dilutin factrs, cntaminatin f nly ne fd can be identified and traced t a specific surce 7
Cmpsites - Meat Beef, steak Beef, rast Beef, grund Prk, fresh Prk, cured Veal, cutlets Lamb Lunchen meats, cld cuts Lunchen meats, canned Organ meats Wieners and sausages 8
Cmpsites- Ready t Eat, Fast Fds Ready t Eat Frzen entrees Fast Fds Pizza French fries Hamburger Beef chw mein Breakfast sandwiches Ppcrn - micrwave Chicken burger Ht dg Chicken nuggets Chicken fried rice Fast fd sandwiches 9
Cmpsites - Prcess AA02/F/11/R - Milk, 2% - 8 x 500 ml Ttal amunt f cmpsite actually required: 1450 g Rutine: Milk 2% Cmbine 300 ml f each f the samples and mix in a 2-L cntainer Dispense 100 g 7plastic bttles 100 g 6 glass jars 150 g 1 plastic bttle (fr radinuclides) Stre remainder fr Pancakes (FF14, Week 1) 10
Cmpsites - Prcess FF14/F/11/P - Pancakes (mix; incmplete ) and Waffles (frzen) - 4 - (smallest package pancake mix) and 4 - (312 g package f frzen waffles)(t be cmbined in a rati f 1:1) Ttal amunt f cmpsite actually required: 1150 g Rutine: Pancakes Prepare and ck pancakes fllwing label directins. Use butter (Cmpsite AA12) in pan if required (rather than il). Hmgenize prepared pancakes with Kitchen Aid fine grater r Cuisinart. Rutine: Waffles Tast as per package instructins. Hmgenize as described fr pancakes. Cmbine hmgenates in Hbart in equal prtins by weight (pancakes t waffles) and mix well Dispense 100 g 6 plastic bttles 100 g 4 glass jars 150 g 1 plastic bttle (fr radinuclides) Nte: Use the fllwing ingredients, if needed: Cmpsite II01 (Cking Fats and Salad Oils, Cmpsite AA02 (Milk, 2%), Cmpsite AA12 (Butter), Cmpsite CC01 (Eggs) 11
TDS Analytes f Interest Pesticides (registered and nnregistered) Plychlrinated biphenyls (PCBs) Dixins and dibenzfurans PBDEs Trace elements (e.g. Pb, Cd, F, As, Hg) Perflurinated cmpunds Ochratxin-A BPA Radinuclides Phthalates Analytes f interest are subject t review, with new nes (e.g. BPA) added as required 12
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster Ttal Diet radinuclide data was used as baseline fr West Cast mnitring f retail fds, Japanese fd imprts 13
Lead Dietary Intakes All Age Grups µg/kg bdy weight/day 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 1981 1985 1986-1988 1993-1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year *Nte: Orange bar represents ne tea cmpsite sample reasns fr this result have yet t be determined 14
Lead Cncentratin in Raisin Pie Cmpsites Pb Cncentratin, ng/g wet wgt * Nte: Orange bars represent when a secnd city was sampled in the same year 15
Effects are brader than, and ccur belw thse determined 20 years ag N minimum safe threshld fr PbB is apparent BMR 01 Effects f Lead 2010 t present Sufficient evidence that PbB < 5 µg/dl are assciated with adverse health effects Chrnic expsure t WHO ptwi wuld result in a BPb f 7 µg/dl = 1.0 µg/dl (1 IQ pint decrease) = 1.7 µg/dl (1% increase in average SBP) Surce apprtinment fr fd increases with age: (13-23% infants, 27% tddlers, 38% children, > teens 74%) 16
EFSA and JECFA Reviews f Lead 2010 The WHO PTWI was withdrawn as it was n lnger cnsidered apprpriate: ο N evidence fr a threshld fr critical lead-induced effects Previus PTWI thught t be assciated with a 3 IQ pint decrease in children Nt pssible t establish a new PTWI (dietary intakes 0.03-9.0 µg/kg bw/day) In withdrawing the PTWI, JECFA cncluded, in ppulatins with prlnged dietary expsures t lead that are in the higher end f the ranges identified abve, measures shuld be taken t identify majr cntributing surces, including fds, and t identify methds f reducing dietary expsure, if apprpriate. 17
PbB Canada 2007-09 100 90 80 70 Percentile 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 PbB (µg/dl) 18
Lead - Current surces f expsure Estimated Pb Intake (µg/kg/d) Universal Chrnic Surces Ttal = 1.3 µg/kg/d 0.15 0.48 Drinking water Sil-urban backgrund Fd 0.48 Ambient air Indr air 0.0005 0.01 0.2 Indr (huse) dust 19
Dietary Expsure t Lead Age Categry Median (µg/kg bw/day) 90 th Percentile (µg/kg bw/day) 95 th Percentile 0-6 mnths 0.076 0.343 0.435 (µg/kg bw/day) 0.5-4 years 0.195 0.363 0.431 5-11 years 0.124 0.253 0.314 +12 years 0.069 0.148 0.180 20
Current Fd Directrate Pb Management Published updated Apprach fr Managing Dietary Expsure t Lead Pb mnitring f fd supply (CFIA/HC) Revisins t Pb tlerances cnsistent with Cdex ALARA principle thrugh identificatin/cntrl f ptential surces. 21
Current FD Apprach t RA f Dietary Pb Cmpare results t knwn backgrund levels Cmpare intake t latest TDS Results Is fd cmmdity a staple Des it cntribute disprprtinately t the verall diet Pb What effect wuld cnsumptin have n bld Pb 22
BPA Intrductin BPA was assessed under the Chemicals Management Plan in 2008 Human Health hazard: Ptential neurdevelpmental and behaviural effects Human expsure: Highest expsure estimates were fr newbrns and infants Main expsure surces were frm plycarbnate baby bttles (with additin f biling water) and canned liquid infant frmula Cnclusin: Applying a precautinary apprach, it was cncluded that BPA met the criteria in paragraph 64(a and c) f CEPA 1999 23
Fd and Drugs Act and Regulatins BPA Risk Management Plan in 2008 Adpt the ALARA (as lw as reasnably achievable) principle fr fd packaging intended fr newbrns and infants Develp stringent migratin targets fr BPA in infant frmula cans Engage industry in the develpment and implementatin f a cde f practice t reduce levels f BPA in infant frmula packaging t thse cnsistent with the ALARA principle Scrutinize pre-market submissins fr infant frmula t ensure the lwest levels f BPA in the fd packaging achievable and facilitate the review f submissins fr BPA alternatives in fd packaging applicatins Explre the ptin f establishing stringent migratin targets fr BPA in canned fds in general Targeted surveillance f BPA in fd (TDS) 24
M&S Pst 2008 Ttal Diet Study/ Targeted surveillance including: ο Sft drinks, beer and bttled water prducts; ο Canned fd prducts ο Canned pwdered and liquid infant frmulas ο Baby fds prepackaged in glass jars with metal lids A WHO/ FAO Expert Cmmittee meeting was hsted by Canada in 2010 t assess the safety f BPA. TDS results were included in the data used t determine the utcme f the assessment 25
BPA Updated Expsure Assessment Allwed Health Canada t refine its dietary expsure assessment based n a targeted sampling prgram and prbabilistic statistical analysis: Mean BPA Expsure (µg/kg bw/d) 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Mean BPA Intake (µg/kg bw/d) 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 9-13 14-18 19-30 31-50 51-70 71+ Age (years) Male Female The updated intake assessment levels are ~3X lwer than the expsures frm the 2008 assessment fr bth the general ppulatin and infants 0 0-1 2-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 Age (mnths) 26
Risk Management f BPA - Current Based n the TDS data and updated prbabilistic expsure estimate, the FD cncluded that: ο Dietary expsure t BPA des nt represent a risk t the general ppulatin including infants Updated Risk Management Cmmitments fr Fd: ο N lnger identifies a need t set migratin targets fr BPA in infant frmula r canned fd in general. ο N lnger identifies a need t facilitate a Cde f Practice ο Will cntinue t treat fd packaging submissins based n BPAalternatives as a pririty fr assessment ο Will cntinue t apply the ALARA principle when evaluating BPAbased packaging materials fr infant frmula. 27
TDS- Cnclusins The Ttal Diet Study (TDS) is a primary surce f infrmatin n the levels f varius chemical cntaminants and nutrients in the diet as cnsumed by Canadians. Prvides an verall estimate f expsure t chemical cntaminants thrugh the diet. It can prvide a general assurance that the fd supply is safe frm certain chemical hazards and assist in the develpment f pririties fr pssible risk management interventin r fcussed surveillance. TDS results can als be used as an indicatr f systemic envirnmental chemical cntaminatin (baseline levels) by chemicals, allwing trend analysis f chemical cntaminants in the fd supply as a measurement f the effectiveness f measures taken t reduce expsure f the ppulatin t chemical hazards. 28
Thank -yu! Thank-yu! 29