CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION Cardiovascular & lymphatic systems Functions Transport Defense / immunity Homeostasis 2
Types of Circulatory Systems Open circulatory system Contains vascular elements Mixing of blood & body fluids in open cavities (sinuses) E.g., arthropods 3
Types of Circulatory Systems Closed circulatory system Contains continuous vascular elements Blood & body fluids kept separate E.g., vertebrates 4
Quick Quiz: True or false: A fish has a closed circulatory system. A) True B) False 5
Major Components of Vertebrate Cardiovascular Systems Heart Pump 6
Major Components of Vertebrate Cardiovascular Systems Heart Vessels Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Veins Carry blood toward the heart Capillaries Connections between arteries & veins Site of gas & nutrient exchange 7
Major Components of Vertebrate Cardiovascular Systems Heart Vessels Blood Transport fluid 8
The Mammalian Heart 9 Chambers Valves Atria Ventricles Vessels Atrioventricular Semilunar Vena cava Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Aorta
Pathway of Blood Flow Body R-atrium R-ventricle Lungs L-atrium L-ventricle dub lub 10
Quick Quiz: Where does blood go when it leaves the left ventricle? A) Left atrium B) Body C) Right ventricle D) Lungs 11
Pulmonary circuit Circulatory Pathways Heart lungs heart 12
Systemic circuit Circulatory Pathways Heart body heart 13
Coronary circulation Circulatory Pathways Heart heart Right & left coronary arteries from base of aorta 14
Cardiac Output 15
Quick Quiz: True or false: the pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-rich blood. A) True B) False 16
Comparison of Vertebrate Systems Mammals, birds, crocodiles 4 chambered heart 17
Comparison of Vertebrate Systems Reptiles & amphibians 3 chambered heart Common ventricle 18
Fish Comparison of Vertebrate Systems 2 chambered heart 19
Quick Quiz: Which of these chambers does a frog NOT have? A) Left atrium B) Left ventricle C) Right atrium 20
Autorhythmic Structures Cardiac Conduction System Sinoatrial (SA) node Pacemaker 70 bpm Atrioventricular (AV) node Bundle branches Purkinje fibers 21
Gap junctions Cardiac Conduction System Communication junctions between cardiac cells abutting ends of two cardiac muscle cells gap junction 22
P wave Electrocardiogram (ECG) Atrial contraction (depolarization) QRS wave T wave Ventricular contraction Ventricular repolarization Jimmie the bulldog 23
Irregular heart rates Bradycardia Arrhythmias Tachycardia Fibrillation 24
Quick Quiz: Where is the heart s primary pacemaker found? A) Atrioventricular node B) Sinoatrial node C) Purkinje fibers D) Aorta 25
Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Thick walls High pressure Elastic fibers Thin walls Low pressure Valves Capillaries Ultra thin Single cell layer 26
Veins Directional flow controlled by valves 27
Blood Vessels Path of blood flow in systemic circulation: Heart Aorta Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Vena cava Heart 28
Capillary Flow Outward flow at the arteriole end of the capillary bed Inward flow at the venule end of the capillary bed
Blood Vessels Blood flow regulated by controlling vessel diameter Vasoconstriction Constrict lumen Decreases flow / increases pressure Vasodilation Dilate lumen Increases flow / decreases pressure 30
Blood Pressure Blood pressure = pressure applied to walls of blood vessels by the blood Systolic pressure Arterial pressure during ventricular contraction Diastolic pressure Arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation 31
Systemic Blood Pressure 32
Quick Quiz: Blood pressure in a vein is in an artery of the same size. A) Higher than B) Lower than C) The same as 33
Plaque formation Atherosclerosis Cholesterol & fat deposits in wall of arteries
Coronary Bypass Surgery 35
Volume & Composition 5 L (adult) Blood
Blood Cell Generation 37
Heritable genetic traits Blood Typing Markers (antigens) expressed on surface of rbc s A type antigens B type antigens O = no antigens present Immune response will be initiated if foreign antigens are recognized Important for blood transfusions Incompatible blood types will be attacked 38
Agglutination Reaction 39
+ / - for Rh antigen Rh Factor Anti-Rh antibodies may be produced in response to transfusion or pregnancy Consequences Reaction to subsequent transfusions Erythroblastosis fetalis 40
Erythroblastosis Fetalis 41
Quick Quiz: Blood type results from markers on/in... A) Plasma B) Red blood cells C) White blood cells 42