Mid Term Test- Template Questions Name : ID : Time: Date: Total points: 100 Instructions: 1. Only 20 questions from Section I and II, 10 questions from Section III will be counted for grading. 2. Try to use the space provided at the end of each questions for section III and IV. 3. The numbers in the parentheses at the end of each Roman letter are total points for each section. For section I, II and III only answers you write GRADE against each question will be counted for grading Section I Circle the correct answer/s from the following (Note: There may be more than one correct answer/s). Each question count towards 2 point and total points for this section are 40. ANSWER ONLY 20 QUESTIONS 1) Which phytochemical is not used to treat dry eye? a) cyclosporine b) flax seed oil c) beta-carotene d) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 2) Which of the following is the best source for lutein? a) spinach b) tomatoes c) mandarin oranges d) cantaloupe 3 ) Which of the following has the highest mortality in the US? a) Diabetes b) Heart diseases
c) Cancer d) Accidents e) Cerebrovascular diseases 4) Eyebright is used for a) Eye related condition b) Heart disease c) Cancer d) Gonorrhea e) None of the above 5) Wolfberry is rich source of which of the following dietary phytochemical/s? a) Quercetin b) Lutein c) Neoxanthin d) Zeaxanthin e) None of the above 6) Which of the following class of compounds have been implicated in grapefruitdrug interaction? a) Coumarins b) Flavonoids c) Limonoids d) Furanocoumarins e) None of the above 7) All of the following statements regarding the metabolism of drugs are true EXCEPT: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Conjugation reactions associated with Phase II metabolism enhance the hydrophilicity of drug molecules Many enzymes involved in Phase II metabolism exist in multiple forms and are inducible by certain drugs and xenobiotics. Glutathione S-transferase belongs to the Phase-I enzymes. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are part of the Phase-II enzyme system. NADPH Quinone reductase (QR) is a detoxification enzyme that belongs to Phase II enzymes 8) Which is not a genetic model system: a) Arabidopsis b) Wheat c) Worms d) Fruit Flies e) None of the above 9) Which of the statements is true about Arabidopsis? a) It is used for feeding studies b) It contains many complex secondary metabolites c) It is used in plant-pathogen studies d) It grows well in all environments
e) All of the above are true 10) Which phytochemical is used for pupil dilation by ophthalmologists? a) atropine b) pilocarpine c) lycopene d) ornithine 11) Flavonoids are naturally compounds which are found in : a) only Flowers b) marine alga c) mature fruits d) Most plants 12) Which of the following is NOT true of Glutathione (GSH)? a) The reduced form is more reactive than the oxidized GSH. b) GSH is a free radical scavenger. c) The oxidized form is converted to the reduced form by glutathione peroxidase. d) It is a substrate for the detoxification enzymes. e) The sulfhydryl group of the cysteine is the reactive center in the molecule. 13) Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the generation and role of ROS in the body? a) Cigarette smoke, UV irradiation and surface ozone are all implicated in generating ROS in the body. b) Oxidative stress is implicated as the main cause for all diseases of ageing. c) Enzymes such as xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase generate ROS. d) ROS have recently been shown to function in signal transduction pathways. e) ROS are formed naturally as part of eicosanoid synthesis. 14) Which of the following is (are) an example(s) of a secondary or preventive antioxidant? a) Amino acids b) Inositol polyphosphates c) EDTA d) Flavonoids e) All of the above 15) Which of the following results would indicate that a biological sample A was more resistant to oxidative stress than biological sample B? a) The ORAC value was greater for sample B versus A b) The lag phase in a TRAP assay was longer for sample B versus sample A. c) The GSH peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lower in sample A versus sample B. d) The concentration of α-tocopherol in sample A was 20% of sample B.
e) LDL from sample A took longer to undergo lipid peroxidation when treated with copper and hydrogen peroxide than LDL from sample B. 16) Identify the correct statement concerning flavonoids as antioxidants. a) Many are capable of chelating transition metals and preventing their involvement in the formation of ROS. b) Many can act as cofactors for superoxide dismutase or catalase. c) Flavonoids interfere with the absorption of substances that create oxidative stress. d) Flavonoids are not good hydrogen-donating antioxidants. e) Flavonoids have no pro-oxidant properties. 17) What is the oxidation state of selenium in sodium selenite? a) -2 b) +2 c) +4 d) +6 18) Turmerin is a a) water soluble curcuminoids b) water insoluble curcuminoids c) water insoluble peptide d) water soluble peptide 19) NFκB in not involved in a) cell survival b) apoptosis c) lipid peroxidation d) carcinogenesis 20) Which is not the function of GST? a) glutathione S-transferase activity b) glutathione peroxidase activity c) reversible binding and transport of several organic compounds d) H + ion transport e) None of the above 21) Which of the following is/ are not Ah receptor ligands a) I3C b) Quercetin c) limonoids d) Zeaxanthin e) All of the above 22) Phase II enzymes include a) Nitrate reductase b) Quinone reductase
c) CYP3A4 d) Glutathione-S-transferase e) Myristicin 23) Which is not a consequence of vitamin A deficiency? a) corneal ulcers b) optic neuropathy c) Bitot s spots d) night blindness 24) Which of the following is (are) an example(s) of a secondary or preventive antioxidant? a) Amino acids b) Inositol polyphosphates c) EDTA d) Flavonoids e) All of the above 25) Selenium exits in proteins in the form of a) selenoserine b) selenotyrosine c) selenocysteine d) all of the above 26) Selenium is metabolized to a common intermediate called a) Selenite b) Selenide c) Trimethylselenonium d) Selenate Provide the best choice in column 2 for the statement made in column one. You can use the same answer more than once Question Statement Possible answers # 27. Plant food-health conundrum a) Bioactive food components 28. Variety in the diet b) Botantical diversity 29. Pest resistance c) Nutritional supplements 30. Varieties within a crop d) Crops for Health 31. Can be detrimental e) Is health benefit equal? 32. Biomedical agriculture f) epidemiological evidence g) None of the above 33) Which drug metabolizing enzyme/s were found to be inhibited by grapefruit juice? a) Cytochrome P450 b) P-glycoproteins
c) OATP d) None of the above e) All of the above 34) Which of the following compounds present in grapefruit juice are potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzyme? a) Paradisin A b) Naringenin c) Myristicin d) All of the above e) None of the above 35) Which of the following fruits show drug interaction? a) Grapefruit b) Pummelo c) Orange d) Lime 36) Sinensetin is a a) Flavonoid b) Furocoumarin c) Curcuminoid d) Limonoid 37). In case of humans fed a flavonoid rich diet, are flavonoid aglycones are present in higher concentration than nutrient antioxidant in the blood? a) Flavonoid aglycones concentration will be higher than nutrient antioxidant b) Nutrient antioxidant concentration will be more than flavonoid aglycone c) Nutrient antioxidant level will remain unchanged d) Flavonoid aglycones concentration will remain unchanged 38) Flavonoids show their antioxidant property through a) Peroxyl radical scavenging activity b) Transition metal chelation c) All the above d) None of the above 39) Curcumin a) has anticancer potential b) passes blood brain barrier c) good chelating agent d) All the above 40) For analysis by NMR following are correct a) Pure compound is required b) Atleast 1 mg compound is required
c) Complex mixtures can be used d) All of the above
Section II Circle the right answer (1 point/question). Answer any 20 questions 41) In processed juice the concentration of furocoumarins is higher than hand squeezed juice. 42) NADPH Quinone reductase (QR) is a detoxification enzyme that belongs to Phase I enzymes. 43) Cytochrome P450 enzymes are part of the Phase-II enzyme system. 44) Cysteine is the most important amino acid in the structure of glutathione. 45) Bitot s spots are caused by Vit B deficiency. 46) Light exposure is a modifiable AMD risk factor. 47) Lutein and zeaxanthine are deposited in retina. 48) Canxanthin can cause maculopathy. 49) Manufacturers of neutraceuticals can make direct health claims. 50) GST is induced by Myristicin.
51) Nutrients are present in greater abundance than bioactive compounds in plants. 52) Calcium content inhumans is measured by measuring the calcium in urine excretion. 53) Removing calcium oxalate crystals from plants may improve bioavailability of calcium. 54) Beta-amyloid protein is blocked by curcumin. 55) CAX maintains calcium hoeostasis. 56) I3C is naturally occurring precursor of DIM. 57) CYP3A4 is present in multiple forms. 58) CY3A4, 2C9 and 2D6 metabolize 100 % marketed drugs. 59) OATP is a transporter protein. 60) Furocoumarins from grapefruit juice were extracted with ethyl acetate. 61) Any antioxidant may potentially act as a proxidant given the right conditions. 62) Recent epidemiological evidence provides strong support for the hypothesis that vegetables and fruit intake inhibits the development of cancer in human populations.
63) Corneal ulcers are caused by Vitamin A deficiency. 64) Glutathione is a tripeptide of glycine, glutamate and ceyteine. 65) For complete antioxidant cycle in addition to Se Vitamin C, vitamin E and Vitamin B6 are required. 66) Guggulstreone is an effective NFκB inhibitor. 67) Glutathione peroxidase contain Selenium as a constituent. 68) CYP3A4 is active in liver. 69) White varieties of grapefruit contain higher level of furocoumarins than red varieties. 70) Catechin and Vitamin E are both phytochemical antioxidants.
Section III Answer any 10 questions. Write the answers in the provided space for respective questions (40 points). 71) What is nutraceutical? 72) Define functional foods? 73) What are the benefits of using supercritical extraction? 74) What is chemoprevention? 75) What is the role of Phase I and Phase II enzymes? 76) What compounds are Ah receptor ligands?
77) Impact Factor is a measure of how often work tends to be cited in a particular journal. What is wrong with this measurement? 78) Define Angiogenesis. 80) What is the function of magnet in NMR? 81) If one wanted to quantify both quercetin and kaempferol in kale, why would one prepare two calibration curves? 82) Identify three key structural characteristics of a flavonoid with an intact C -ring that convey peroxyl radical scavenging activity?
83) What is oxidative stress? 84) Define primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants? Where do you place flavonoids and carotenoids? 85) What are the proposed mechanism by which flavonoids show their antioxidant activity? 86) In case of humans fed a flavonoid rich diet, are flavonoid aglycones are present in higher concentration than nutrient antioxidant in the blood? 87) How will you identify whether one biological sample is more resistant to oxidative stress compared to other? 88) What is the role of calcium oxalate crystals I the plants?
89) What happens to the levels of WBC and NFkB in case of infection? 90) Curcumin has been shown to inhibit camptothecin induced apoptosis. Does this mean than curcumin can increase cancer cell proliferation.