RATION FORMULATION TECHNIQUE MK.Teknik Formulasi Ransum (NTP339) Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural University Syllabus This course provides computer knowledge can be applied in nutrition science and feed technology that include principles in ration formulation, ration formulation method, the estimated animal nutrition requirements as well as the use of a computer application program in the feed industry 1
Topics Week Topic Lecture in INTP s Class Lecture in IPTP.s Class 1 Introduction Idat G. Permana Dwi Margi Suci 2 Concept of Animal Feed Formulation Idat G. Permana Dwi Margi Suci 3 Feed Composition and Restriction Idat G. Permana Dwi Margi Suci 4 Nutrient Requirement of Poultry Idat G. Permana Dwi Margi Suci 5 Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle Despal Rita Mutia 6 Nutrient Requirement of Beef Cattle Despal Rita Mutia 7 Nutrient Requirement of Pet Animal Despal Rita Mutia Topics Week Topic 8 Linear Programming on Feed Formulation 9 Feed Formulation Software Excel Solver Lecture in INTP s Class Idat G. Permana Idat G. Permana Lecture in IPTP.s Class Sri Suharti Sri Suharti 10 Feed Formulation Software Win Feed Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti 11 Feed Formulation Software Brill Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti 12 Premix Formulation Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti 13 Feed Production Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti 14 Review Idat G. Permana Sri Suharti 2
Lecturers Dr. Idat Galih Permana (Kord) Dr. Sri Suharti, SPt. M.Si. Dr.Ir. Rita Mutia, M.Agr. Ir. Dwi Margi Suci, MS Dr. Despal Course Methodology Performed with Blended Learning System, a combination of Face to Face ( F2F ) with the Online System. Using the LMS ( Lecture Management System), the web address: http://lms.ipb.ac.id Each student must login as a participant in the LMS Username and Password the same as the address user access IPB 3
Rule of Practicum Lecture is mandatory for students at least 80% (if less than 12 presence, then it is not allowed to participate in the Final Exam Semester (UAS). Mandatory practicum entirely 100%. The whole practical tasks should be uploaded to the LMS in accordance with the specified time, the delay causes a task can not be accepted. The students must follow the quiz in LMS The students must actively participate in DISCUSSION FORUM at LMS. Rule of Course Each student must comply in order for the computer room Forbidden to install or uninstall the software without the permission of the lecturer/assistant Doing virus scanning when using Flash Disk All data is stored in a folder that has been provided During the practicum is not allowed to run a program other than the recommended To maintain hygiene, eating and drinking are prohibited in the computer room Not allowed to communicate with HP in the computer room Turn off the computer when it is finished 4
Lecture Management System http://lms.ipb.ac.id LMS Content: Lecture Modules Practical Modules Ration Formulation Software Discussion Forum Task, Quiz, Examination Scoring 30% Mid Semester Examination (UTS) 30% Final Semester Examination (UAS) 40% Practicum (Practical Examination, Quiz, Assignment, Activity) Scoring Standard A > 77.5 AB 72.5 77.4 B 67.5 72.4 BC 62.5 67.4 C 57.5 62.4 D 50.0 57.4 E < 50.0 5
1. Introduction Animal Feed For animals, feed required as basic requirement of life and for production To produce high production need appropriate nutrients. Ration should be arranged in balanced (balance ration) In the business of livestock, feed has a very important role, the cost of feed is 60-80 % of the total variable costs Ration formulation is very important as major contribution on farmer s profit. Therefore, it is necessary uses ration with a balanced nutrient content and the price is cheap (least cost ration). 6
Trend of National Feed Demand 18 16.8 Feed Production (Million Ton) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 7.1 7.2 7.6 8.1 8.5 9.7 11.3 12.7 13.7 14.7 Increase 12%/year Moet > 50 Billion IDR 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Feed Composition & Price Poultry Ration Composition 0.6 5 10 15 18 51 Price of Corn and SBM Corn SBM Rice band Fish meal Pollard Additive Corn 3.2 mill ton local and 4.8 mill ton import 7
Feed Industry Capacity What is a Ration? A RATION is the amount of feed an animal receives in a 24-hour period. A BALANCED RATION is the amount of feed that will supply the proper amount and proportions of nutrients needed for an animal to perform a specific purpose such as growth, maintenance, gestation, lactation or laying. 8
Poultry Ration Broiler (Starter, Finisher) Layer (Starter, Grower, Layer) Duck (Starter, Grower, Finisher, Layer) Kampong Chicken (Starter, Grower, Finisher) Beef Cattle Ration Calf (milk replacer, calf starter) Growing (grower ration) Fattening (finisher ration) 9
Dairy Cattle Ration Calf (milk replacer, calf starter) Growing (grower) Heifer (heifer ration) Lactation (lactation ration) Bull (bull ration) Nutrient Requirements Nutrient requirements are the amount of nutrients the animal needs for a specific purpose. They are influenced by many factors, such as weight of animal, sex, desired rate of growth, stage of lactation, environment and others. Nutrient requirements may be found in published tables, such as published by the National Research Council (NRC). 10
Nutrient Requirements Maintenance (nutrient for basic activities (breath, blood flow, low activities) without body weight change Production (milk, meat, egg, woll, reproduction, etc.) Energy Utilization in Poultry Heat Increment 600 kcal Feed 4000 kcal Maintenance 1500 kcal Feces 800 kcal Urine 300 kcal Egg 800 kcal 11
Energy Utilization in Dairy Cattle CO 2 CH 4H2 Heat Increment Maintenance Energy Feed Energy Feces Urine Meat Milk The Nutrient Composition The nutrient composition of a feed is the amount of specific nutrients contained in the feed. They are expressed as a percentage of the dry matter (DM) and may also be found in published feed composition tables. Feed composition tables should be used when you have no other information. A chemical analysis of the feed can be done for a limited cost, and it will give much more accurate information. Common information provided from an analysis or a composition table will include dry matter, crude protein, energy and minerals. 12
A systematic approach on Ration Formulation Determine the nutrient requirements of the animal being fed. This means determining the sex, size and production level of the animal. With this information, nutrient requirements are available from a table. Determine the feeds available for use. List their composition on a dry matter basis from a composition table or a chemical analysis and check the price. Now the amounts of the feeds necessary to balance the ration can be determined (feed limitation). Computer Formulation of Feed Least-cost feed formulation: a feed formula that is both nutritionallycomplete (within limits) and with a minimum ingredient cost (within limits) Now-a-days is developed and completed through the use of computers using linear-programming software Typical packages: WinFeed, Brill, Format, BestMix, etc Used by most feed mills/manufacturers 13
Least-Cost Feed Formulation Combining many feed ingredients in a certain proportion to provide the target animal with a balanced nutritional feed at the least possible cost Use Linear Programming Feed Price Costs of feed ingredients and nutrient content are fairly available for most commercial feedstuffs Costs can be evaluated on a daily basis Nutrient requirements are fairly well known The most critical piece of information regards digestibility/availability of nutrients within the feed ingredient 14
Least-Cost Feed Formulation Least-cost feed formulations require that the following information be provided: 1. Cost of feed ingredients 2. Nutrient content of feed ingredients 3. Nutrition requirement of the animal 4. Availability of the nutrient to the animal 5. Minimum-maximum restrictions on levels Thank You 15