Beyond Erucamide: The Evolution of Polyolefin Slip Additives

Beyond Erucamide: The Evolution of Polyolefin Slip Additives

Audience Poll 1 In what year were the first plastic bottles used for soft drinks? 1963 1970 1975 1981

Today s Agenda Introduction to Croda Size and growth of the polymer market Drivers for the growth and applications Why are slip additives required? Improvements in slip technology for packaging Improved slip technology in automotive applications

Introduction to Croda Croda Global reach HQ Yorkshire UK Global leader in natural specialities 18 manufacturing sites in strategic global position Serving 9 market segments Personal Care Health Care Crop Care Polymer Additives Concerned with manufacturing performance enhancing additives Lubricants Polymer Additives Coatings & Polymers 30 years experience and knowledge Market leader in fatty amide production for slip & anti-block applications Three manufacturing sites Home Care Geo Technologies Industrial Chemicals

Global Demand 2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins

Trade flows to 2020 2013 SPE International Polyolefins Conference

Polymer segmentation Engineering polymers ABS Polystyrene PET Polyethylene PVC Polypropylene 2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins

Polyolefins segmentation 10% 23% 6% 5% 56% Packaging Automotive & appliances Infrastructure Non-packaging Other 14% 8% 15% 28% 35% Film extrusion Injection moulding Blow moulding Fibres (Polyethylene) Other 2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins

Mega trends moving toward Polymer Additives Population growth Health & well-being Energy & resource Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting Increased polymer demand Increased performance These three mega trends will provide catalyst for future polymer growth

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Growing Applications Increased food consumption Increased infrastructure Sophisticated packaging Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting

Why are slip additives needed? Polymers exhibit high friction, this can create issues in:

How do slip additives work?

Commonly used slip additives Erucamide (Crodamide ER, Incroslip C) is excellent for high slip performance Oleamide (Crodamide VRX) is good when fast slip is required Behenamide (Crodamide BR) and stearamide (Crodamide SR) are fully saturated and good when high oxidative stability is required O NH 2 oleamide O NH 2 stearamide O O NH 2 NH 2 erucamide behenamide

So what s wrong with what we currently use? In some applications nothing However, the unsaturated primary amides have a weak point that can breakdown under certain conditions The breakdown products can create unwanted issues such as tackiness, bloom, odor, change in color, impact on taste and reduced performance Therefore, some applications require a slip additive to deliver a combination of high slip and high stability

Incroslip SL novel saturated slip agent Slip properties similar to oleamide or erucamide Fully saturated (Iodine value <1) Improved oxidative stability Good color and color stability Imparts low taste and odor as good as or better than behenamide Registered in major markets (REACH, TSCA) FDA approved in the US

Improvements in slip technology for packaging

Overview Slip additives are a standard requirement in packaging to help processing and within use Brand owners want to stand out from their competition so the packaging needs to perform as it was intended by protecting the contents without impacting them Packaging can be subjected to: Sterilization, UV, Heat Unsaturated slip additives can be prone to oxidization and impact the organoleptic properties of the packaging

How can we measure slip performance in packaging? CoF reduction Torque release Oxidative color stability Organoleptics

Comparison of CoF in LDPE blown film 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 750 ppm Incroslip SL 750 ppm Erucamide 750 ppm Behenamide Kinetic CoF 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Time (hours - log) * 35µm LDPE blown film, all contain 1k ppm natural silica

Application and Release Forces of cpp closure 30 Application Torque 25 Release Torque Torque (inch-pounds) 20 15 10 5 0 Blank 0.2% Incroslip SL 0.2% erucamide 0.2% behenamide * cpp closures on PET preform (180 C application)

CoF of Incroslip SL vs. Erucamide 0.8 0.7 0.6 erucamide Incroslip SL Kinetic CoF 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 5 10 15 Time on test (weeks) * 35µm LDPE blown film exposed to natural light through a window

Oxidative stability of Incroslip SL vs. Erucamide 0 hours 72 hours 168 hours Erucamide Incroslip SL * Tested at 120 C (both samples contain 800ppm 1010 AO)

Organoleptics Odor panel testing on slip additives of a similar age Amide was weighed into sample vials in air and sealed with a HDPE snap closure The samples were stored for 1 week at 23 C and assessed under a number of protocols by a panel of 20 volunteers The slip additives tested were: Incroslip SL erucamide behenamide high stability erucamide All volunteers could perceive differences between the test materials 70% rated Incroslip SL as the lowest or least offensive odor

Summary High slip and stability is a growing requirement for packaging producers Incroslip SL demonstrates high slip similar to erucamide in PP and PE, and improved torque release over erucamide in PP caps and closures The fully saturated structure of Incroslip SL prevents oxidative degradation and therefore loss of slip and color are not observed Incroslip SL demonstrated improved organoleptics when compared to erucamide by a panel of volunteers

Improved slip technology in automotive applications

Overview Automotive manufacturers are turning to plastic as a viable material to lightweight vehicles Plastic parts need to perform the same as the materials they replace Manufacturers require optimum output rates and high quality molded parts In molded articles, plastic additives can create unwanted effects such as blooming, tackiness and decreased performance when subjected to elevated temperatures and UV light As molded parts of vehicles are required to last the life time of that vehicle, antiscratch protection is becoming a basic requirement

How can slip additives improve automotive parts? Improved mold release properties Low visible bloom Scratch resistance Increased output for WPC

Examples of poor mold release effect Part damaged in critical area

Mold Release Force Measurement HDPE PP copolymer 120 120 100 100 % Release force 80 60 40 % Release force 80 60 40 20 20 0 HDPE 0.25% IncroMold F 0.5% IncroMold F 0 PPc 0.25% IncroMold S 0.5% IncroMold S

Low visible bloom in PP automotive compound Blank PP 0.5 % erucamide 0.5 % Incroslip SL 1 % Incroslip SL Incroslip SL reduces the effect of blooming at up to 1% addition, even after exposure to UV light and heat

Scratch testing of PP automotive compound Blank PP 0.5% Incroslip SL Incroslip SL can improve the look of a scratch with as little as 0.5% addition level Incroslip SL is stable to UV and heat

Increased output for natural fibre composites Automotive parts can be light-weighted by the use of natural fibre composites Extrusion can be slow and costly Incroflo additives can increase output rate and reduce processing temperatures and pressures Incroflo has low interaction with coupling agents Parts formulated with Incroflo have low water uptake and good mechanical properties

Increased output rate of WPC 25 % increase in output 20 15 10 5 +11 % +12 % +3 % 0 Incroflo 1100 Incroflo 1200 Incroflo 1300 * (2 % Incroflo, 50% wood content in PP with coupling agent)

Summary The IncroMold range lowers release force of molded parts and improves part quality Scratch resistance and low bloom are important in automotive parts Incroslip SL increases the scratch resistance of a plastic part and demonstrates improved bloom properties when compared to erucamide The Incroflo range improves output rate of wood plastic composite parts

Audience Poll 2 What other areas or effects would you like to learn about? Anti-stats for engineering polymers Effects in automotive plastics Anti-fogging additives for multi-layer films Lubricants to help improve processing and dispersion in Wood Plastic Composites

Samples Available Slip Additives Mold release agents Anti-scratch additives WPC additives Incroslip SL IncroMold F Incroslip SL Incroflo 1100 Crodamide ER IncroMold S Crodamide ER Incroflo 1200 Crodamide BR IncroMold T IncroMold T Incroflo 1300

Additional Information Thank you for attending! Visit our website information about upcoming events To order samples click here To contact us, email: marketing-usa@croda.com Copies of the presentation slides and a link to the recording will be emailed to all attendees