URINARY SYSTEM I. Kidneys A. Location and Structure 1. Retroperitoneal 2. Between T12 and L3 3. Rt. kidney slightly lower 4. Two bean shaped organs 5. Adrenal gland 6. Internal construction a. Renal cortex b. Renal medulla c. Calyces 1) Minor calyces 2) Major calyces d. Renal (medullary) pyramids e. Renal pelvis 7. Blood supply a. Renal arteries b. Renal veins 8. Pathology a. Ptosis b. Hydronephrosis B. Kidney functions 1. Secrete urine 2. Regulate fluid content of blood 3. Regulate concentration of electrolytes 4. Secretes renin (an enzyme) to raise blood pressure II. Nephron Unit and Urine Formation A. Nephrons 1. Glomerular (Bowman s) capsule a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole 2. Renal tubule a. Proximal convoluted tubule b. Loop of Henle c. Distal convoluted tubule d. Collecting tubules B. Urine Formation 1. Three processes a. Filtration b. Reabsorption c. Secretion 2. Characteristics of Urine a. Color b. Solutes normally found c. Solutes not normally found
III. IV. Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra A. Ureters 1. Two; 10-12" long 2. Retroperitoneal 3. Carry urine from kidneys to bladder B. Urinary Bladder 1. Stores urine 2. Three openings (trigone) 3. In males, prostate surrounds urethral outlet of bladder C. Urethra 1. Carries urine by peristalsis 2. Length, location, and function a. Females b. Males D. Micturition 1. Voiding or urination 2. Internal urethral sphincter 3. External urethral sphincter E. Pathology 1. Incontinence 2. Urinary Retention 3. Anuria 4. Uremia 5. Polyuria 6. Calculus 7. Staghorn calculus Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System A. Congenital anomalies 1. Polycystic kidney 2. Hypospadias 3. Absence of kidney 4. Microkidney 5. Horseshoe kidney 6. Ectopic kidney B. Infectious (inflammatory) and/or trauma conditions 1. Urethritis 2. Cystitis 3. Pyelitis 4. Extravasation of urine
ANATOMY II STUDY QUESTIONS - Urinary System 1. The kidney is lowest in position. The kidneys lie between the thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra. 2 Where do the kidneys lie in the relation to the peritoneum? 3. The is the medial depression of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass. 4. The kidney is divided into an inner portion called the and an outer portion called the. 5. The is the upper funnel-shaped portion of the ureter. 6. The 4 things are regulated by the urinary system are: a. Secretion of and waste products b. Regulate content of the blood c. Regulate concentration of in the blood d. Secretion of an enzyme called to raise blood pressure 7. The is the functional unit of the kidney. 8. The two structures that make up the renal corpuscle are the capsule and the. 9. The is the capillary network within the Bowman s capsule. 10. The renal tubule is made of 4 parts: a. convoluted tubule c. convoluted tubule b. of Henle d. tubules 11. Renal pyramids are made up of. 12. Excretion of urine is accomplished by 3 processes:,, and. 13. Ureters convey urine from the renal pelvis to the posterior, lateral aspect of the. 14. Urine flows in the ureters in waves toward the bladder. 15. The 3 openings in the urinary bladder are called the. 16. The bladder serves as a for urine. 17. The bladder lies to the uterus in females. 18. The is the passageway from the bladder to the outside of the body.
19. The act of urination is also known as. 20. When a kidney is not in its normal position it is said to be. 21. is when a kidney lies lower than normal. 22. means that the kidneys are not excreting urine. 23. is the accumulation of harmful waste products because the kidneys are not excreting them. 24. Inflammation of the bladder is called. 25. is the escape of urine into surrounding tissues following an injury to the urinary tract. 26. results in dilation of the kidney due to obstruction of the renal pelvis or ureter. 27. Excessive urination is known as. 28. When the kidneys secrete urine, but it is retained in the bladder, the condition is called. 29. A is another name for a kidney stone. 30. A kidney stone shaped like the renal pelvis and calyx, similar to a deer horn, is called a calculus. 31. is when one is unable to control the external sphincter of the bladder. 32. A kidney has many blister-like cysts containing urine and often results in renal failure. 33. is a congenital condition in which the urethra is located on the ventral surface of the penis in males. 34. means inflammation of the urethra. 35. means inflammation of the renal pelvis.
36. Place a number preceding the structure as to the sequence of urine formation and flow through the nephron unit until it exits the kidney. Proximal convoluted tubule Renal pelvis Collecting tubules Major calyces Minor calyces Bowman s capsule Distal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle