Stress and Tension Control E!

Stress and Tension Control E!

Btressand Tension Control 2 Edited by F. J. McGuigan United States International University San Diego, California Wesley E. Sime University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska and J. Macdonald Wallace West London Institute of Higher Education London, England PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Interdisciplinary Conference on Stress and Tension Control (2nd: 1983: University of Sussex) Stress and tension control 2. "Proceedings of the Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Stress and Tension Control, held August 30-September 3, 1983, at the University of Sussex, Brighton, England" - T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Stress (Psychology)-Congresses. 2. Stress (Physiology)-Congresses. 3. Relaxation-Congresses. 4. Medicine, Psychosomatic-Congresses. 5. Job stress-congresses. I. McGuigan, F. J. (Frank J.), 1924-. II. Sime, Wesley E. III. Wallace, J. Macdonald. IV. Title. V. Title: Stress and tension contrdi two. [DNLM: 1. Relaxation-congresses. 2. Stress, Psychological-prevention & control-congresses. W3 IN11887 2nd 1983s I WM 172 1603 1983s1 BF575.S75157 1983 616'.001'9 84-18104 ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9726-0 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2803-2 e-isbn-13: 978-1-4613-2803-2 Proceedings of the Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Stress and Tension Control, held August 30-September 3, 1983, at the University of Sussex, Brighton, England 1984 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1984 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

DEDICATION To Edmund Jacobson (April 22, 1888 - January 7, 1983) This volume is affectionately dedicated to Edmund Jacobson, the father of the contemporary field of relaxation. His classic "Progressive Relaxation" published in 1929 established the basic principles of scientific and clinical relaxation. While his contributions are internationally recognized, they will be increasingly appreciated by future generations. His last laboratory research on profiles of tension states has been recognized as medicine practiced 50 years ahead of its time.

PREFACE The Second International Interdisciplinary Conference on Stress and Tension Control, sponsored by the International Stress and Tension Control Society, was held at The University of Sussex, Brighton, England during the period August 30 - September 3, 1983. The Society has evolved from the American Association for the A d v a n of c e m ~ t Tension-Control, which met each year for five years in Chicago commencing in 1974, and for which proceedings such as these were published annually. Because of an international flavor which the association gradually acquired the name was changed to that of The International Stress and Tension-Control Association. That organization met in London in 1979, and then in Louisville, Kentucky in 1981 in conjunction with The Biofeedback Society of America. The proceedings of that first international conference in London were also published by Plenum Publishing Company. (Stress and Tension Control, McGuigan, Sime and Wallace, 1981). Because the results of that first conference were so gratifying, this second conference was scheduled, with similar consequences. These proceedings are offered for the purpose of advancing our methods of coping with stress through tension control, for excessive bodily tension can indeed result from failure to adapt to the many stresses of life that we all continually face. As we are well aware, the consequences of chronic overtension can be disastrous in many ways for the human body. There was minimal editing of the papers so that they retain the character created by the authors, though substantial modification was necessary in some cases to improve English comprehension. It was not possible to carefully edit such matters as citations, quotations and statistical analyses, so that they must remain the responsibility of the authors. The papers should be a fair representation of contemporary international work in the field. We do hope that the reader will profit from these presentations as much as the attendees at the conference did. Due to illness of one of the authors, there was a delay of several months in collating the papers, for which we apologize as we well recognize the importance of timely reporting of conference proceedings such as these. vii

viii PREFACE Wi want to express our great appreciation to Elaine and David Wright for the excellent editorial and typing assistance in the production of this book. Hiroshima Shudo University is also appreciated for the support that was furnished during the conclusion of this volume, as are United States International University and the University of Nebraska for earlier support. F. J. McGuigan * ~ ~ ~ ~ - - WordWrights, 405 Santa Dominga, Solana Beach, California, USA 92075

CONTENTS FOREWORD An Overview of Contemporary Work in the Field of Stress and Tension Control F. J. McGuigan 3 EDMUND JACOBSON, FATHER OF THE FIELD OF RELAXATION Tension Control for Coping and for Habit Change Joseph Wolpe On Edmund Jacobson's Way of Life Yves Chesni On the Professional Accomplishments of Edmund Jacobson F. J. McGuigan............. 17 27 29 RESEARCH STRATEGIES AND APPROACHES Stress and Personality as Contributory Factors in the Causation of Cancer H. J. Eysenck Research on Stress Ought to be Revised Henrik Seyffarth Some Clinical Observations on Muscle Tension and Expressive Movement Peter Sainsbury............... 35 47 59 ix

x Discrimination of Visceral Stimuli, Biofeedback and Self-Regulation: A Methodological Proposal David W. Jacobs CONTENTS 75 A Model of People at High Risk to Develop Chronic Stress Related Symptoms 89 Ian Wickramasekera Social Psychophysiology of Relaxation Training Margaret Cork and Tom Cox The Role of Substance P in Normalizing Stress Response Ann Karnitschnig 99 117 CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHIATRY, SPEECH PATHOLOGY AND DENTISTRY Stress, Tension and Rheumatic Disease Robert E. Rinehart Neuromuscular Psychophysiology of Depression Arnold H. Gessel 125 131 "Stress Headaches" from Causes in the Musculoskeletal System and their Treatment by Physical Means 139 John Mennell Biofeedback Treatment of Primary Raynaud's Keith Sedlacek Biofeedback: Treatment of Essential Hypertension Keith Sedlacek and Jonathan Cohen Behavioural Style, Myocardial Infarction, and Cardiovascular Responsiveness David A. Hill and Tom Cox Tension Control in Speech Pathology Robert L. Casteel Self-Help Groups for Agoraphobics: Their Role in Coping with Anxiety and Depression David Hodgson and Keith Oatley The Perception by Dentists and Patients of Fear in Dental Treatment S. J. E. Lindsay 153 169 189 195 201 213

CONTENTS xi STUDIES OF STRESS AND TENSION IN OCCUPATIONAL SETTINGS Occupational Stress Testing in the Real World 225 Wesley E. Sime, Bronston T. Mayes, Hermann Witte, Daniel Ganster and Gerald Tharp Stress at Work: A Review of Australian Research 241 Robert Spillane Autogenic Training as a Stress Management Tool in Air Transport Operations F. H. Hawkins The Effect of Autogenic Training Upon the Flying Skill of Pilots Under Stress L. R. C. Haward Reduction of Stress by Personnel at Institutions for Child Care and for the Mentally Handicapped Anneli Leppanen 259 275 285 STRESS AND TENSION CONTROL IN EDUCATION An Experimental Study of Relaxation Training in Swedish Schools: Psychological and Physiological Results 297 Sven Setter lind and Goran Patriksson Some Uses and Limitations of Stress Control Methods in a Local Authority Educational Psychology Service................... David Cowell 319 Improved Stress Management and Tension Control: A Model Program in a Community College 331 Stephen R. Germeroth Worksite Stressors and University Faculty 343 N. Blithe Runsdorf Teaching Dynamic Relaxation at the University of the Third Age - Paris VI Suzanne Masson 353

xii CONTENTS METHODS OF COPING WITH STRESS Cognitive Strategies to Reduce Stress in Competitive Athletic Performance 361 Dorothy V. Harris Physical Activity and Stress Reduction: A Review of Selected Literature Marigold A. Edwards 373 The Physical Mirror of Stress 387 Kathryn Curtis Lake The Mitchell Method of Physiological Relaxation 399 Laura Mitchell Index.......................... 405