Origin of citrus
Breeding in the past Seedling were the main source for the cultivars today. Spontaneous mutations on branches were used to select new cultivars.
Present breeding The current breeding projects are based on crossing and Selection: 1.Crossing selecion and inducing mutation for seedlessness. 2.Crossing for seedless triploids.
ARO Citrus Breeding Program A. New flavors and colors B. Easy peeling C. Early and Late Ripening Seasons D. Seedlessness C. High yield and low alternate bearing- more then 30 tons per hectare E. Long shelf life F. Pests resistance G. Dwarfing
INDUCING MUTATIONS A technique used to thoroughly extract seeds Before (with seeds): After (seedles): SEEDLESS
Breeding in the future Developing molecular markers for important traits such as: ripening season, alternaria, seedlessness, etc. The selection will start at the net house by sampling DNA from the seedling following by PCR. Developing biotechnology approaches for transforming genes of important traits into citrus cultivars.
Current projects A. Developing molecular markers for parents identification and alternaria resistance. B. Transformation of genes for drought resistance.
Germinating in the dark in sterile condition
Infecting with agrobacterium
Grafting the trasformants
Growing in transgenic greenhouse
Expression of reporting gene in the stomata
KEDEM Ripening Season - September-November Total soluble solids (TSS): 14.9% Acid content: 1.02% TSS/acid ratio: 14.55 alternaria: resistant - Seedless - Early ripening
Rishonit RIPENING SEASON - OCTOBER-DECEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 16.3% ACID CONTENT: 1.0% TSS/ACID RATIO: 16.3 alternaria: resistant - Seedless - Early ripening
ORIT Ripening Season January-February Total soluble solids (TSS): 15.6% Acid content: 1% TSS/acid ratio: 15.6 alternaria: resistant - Seedless - Late ripening
Admoni Ripening Season September - October Total soluble solids (TSS): 13.27% Acid content: 1.6% TSS/acid ratio: 8.3 - Early ripening
RIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 13.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 12.3 alternaria: resistant Tami - Seedless - Early ripening --Dwarf Tree
Dity RIPENING SEASON - NOVEMBMBER TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.57% TSS/ACID RATIO: 8.15 alternaria: susceptible - Seedless
RIPENING SEASON: DECEMBER-JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 17.5% ACID CONTENT: 1.34% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13 alternaria: susceptible Meirav - Seedless -Long Shelf-life
Ripening Season: December-January Total soluble solids (tss):15.5% Acid content:1.1% TSS/acid ratio: 14.09 NECTAR - Seedless -Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.27% ACID CONTENT: 1.54% TSS/ACID RATIO: 9.26 alternaria: resistant YIFAT - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.1% ACID CONTENT: 2.24% TSS/ACID RATIO: 6.3 alternaria: susceptible WINOLA - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
RONIT RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY- MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 18.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.67 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
ODEM RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY- FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.96% TSS/ACID RATIO: 15.62 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.2% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13.16 alternaria: resistant SIGAL
DANIT RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14.8% ACID CONTENT: 1.28% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.56 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
MOR- SEEDLESS MURCOTT RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-MARCH TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.54 alternaria: susceptible - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
ORRI RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY-APRIL TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 14% ACID CONTENT: 0.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 20 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
FLAMINGO Ripening Season: October-December Total soluble solids (TSS): 12.5% Acid content: 0.52 TSS/acid ratio: 24 - Seedless -High lycopene --Long Shelf-life
Aliza RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 15% ACID CONTENT: 0.64% TSS/ACID RATIO: 23.43 - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
EINAT RIPENING SEASON: NOVEMBER-FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS): 12.1% ACID CONTENT: 1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11 - Seedless -High lycopene --Long Shelf-life
Ayelet-Seedless Villafranca Lemon RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUND TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT: 9.6% TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.73 - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
Galya-Seedless Urica Lemon RIPENING SEASON: ALL YEAR AROUND TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):7% ACID CONTENT:9.8% TSS/ACID RATIO: 0.71 - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
1 RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):12.4% ACID CONTENT:1.7% TSS/ACID RATIO: 7.3 - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
2 RIPENING SEASON: FEBRUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
3 RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.8% ACID CONTENT:1.3% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.4 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
4 RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):14.3% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 13 - Low seeds --Long Shelf-life
5 RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.8% ACID CONTENT:1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 11.8 alternaria: resistant - Seedless --Long Shelf-life
6 RIPENING SEASON: JANUARY TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS (TSS):11.9% ACID CONTENT:1.1% TSS/ACID RATIO: 10.8 alternaria: resistant - low Seeds --Long Shelf-life