BIO 2 GO! 3211b, 3212b Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals The circulatory system, vascular system, and excretory system work together to feed and clean the body of multicellular organisms. After successfully completing this unit, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the function of the circulatory system and all of structures involved in the process. 2. Described the excretory system and all of the structures involved. 3. Describe the vascular system and all of the structures involved. 4. Explain how the circulatory and excretory systems work together. 5. Explain how nitrogen waste is removed from the body. 6. Explain how carbon dioxide is removed from the body. 7. Explain how cellular respiration is related to the circulatory and excretory systems. 8. Correctly use the following words: circulatory system excretory system vascular system kidney lung gill heart cellular respiration xylem phloem artery capillary vein nitrogen waste carbon dioxide Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
3211b, 3212b The circulatory system, vascular system, and the excretory system work together to feed and also to clean the body of multicellular organisms. Circulatory System: The role of the circulatory system is to: 1) Bring nutrients, water, and oxygen to every cell 2) Remove wastes like CO2 from every cell. Excretory System: The role of the excretory system is to remove wastes from a body. The wastes must pass through a cell membrane to leave the cells. Vascular System: Plants have a vascular system that is similar to the circulatory system in animals. The role of the vascular system is to bring nutrients, water, and CO2 to every cell and remove all wastes like oxygen from every cell. Question 1. How would you describe the overall function of the circulatory, excretory, and vascular systems? Question 2. Compare and contrast the circulatory, excretory, and vascular systems. How Things Work Circulatory System: In most large animals, including humans, the circulatory system is made of blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and a heart. The heart is a pump. The heart pumps the blood through the blood vessels to each cell in the body. The blood delivers nutrients, water, and oxygen to each cell and removes all of the cell s waste products, like carbon dioxide.
The food and water delivered to every cell allows each cell to complete the cellular respiration that is necessary to keep the cell alive. The waste products of cellular respiration include carbon dioxide and water. The waste products are picked up from each cell and removed by the blood. Excretory System: Special structures filter the waste products from the blood and remove them from the body. That is the function of the excretory system. In most cases, we generally think of 2 specialized organs to handle waste: 1) kidney 2) lungs (or gills in fish).
1) Kidney The kidneys are a specialized organ, made up of cells working together, which filters the nitrogen wastes and extra water out of the blood. Nitrogen wastes are waste products of protein usage. As blood flows through the kidney, these nitrogen wastes and extra water are filtered out of the blood and into the kidney. The blood that leaves the kidneys has had most of the waste nitrogen removed. From the kidney the waste nitrogen and water are collected and removed from the body as urine. Failure to remove the nitrogen wastes and extra water will cause the organism to die. 2) Lungs, Gills The lungs are specialized organs, made up of cells working together, which filters carbon dioxide and some water out of the blood. The carbon dioxide and water are both waste products of cellular respiration. When you exhale, you are breathing out the carbon dioxide and water that the lungs have filtered out of the blood.
So when you inhale, you bring fresh oxygen into the lungs for the blood to pickup and take to the cells for cellular respiration. When you exhale, you are breathing out the carbon dioxide and water that are the waste products of cellular respiration which the blood has picked up and retuned to the lungs for removal from the body. In fish, the specialized filtering organs are called gills. They are also made of cells working together. Gills filter oxygen out of the water for use by the fish much like lungs filter oxygen from the air for us to use. The gills also function like lungs because they remove the carbon dioxide and excess water from the fish s blood. Failure to remove the carbon dioxide will cause the organism to die. REMEMBER THIS!!! Kidney s remove waste nitrogen and extra water from the blood. Lungs and gills remove carbon dioxide and excess water from the blood.
Interesting Scientific Fact: Most people think that humans breathe to bring oxygen into the body. This is only partly true. Actually the first purpose of breathing is to remove carbon dioxide from the body. A buildup of carbon dioxide is more lethal than a lack of oxygen. Question 3. What do the organs (heart, blood vessels, blood) found in the circulatory system do? Question 4. What do the organs (kidneys and lungs) found in the excretory system do? Vascular System: The vascular system in plants bring food and water to every cell and removes wastes from every cell-much like the circulatory system in animals. In plants there are 2 specialized tissues: 1) xylem 2) phloem. Xylem is a tissue composed of cells working together to transport food throughout the plant. Phloem is a tissue composed of cells working together to transport water and waste throughout the plant. Question 5. What do the tissues (xylem and phloem) in the vascular system do? Question 6. What is the main function of the following? Organ Function Heart Blood Lungs Kidney Gills Xylem Phloem
Question 7. Explain how the circulatory system and the excretory system work together. Summary Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals In multicellular organisms, each cell must have all of its needs met, or the cell will die. If its cells die, then the organism dies. All cells must have water, nutrients, and oxygen to conduct their reactions. The wastes made by these reactions must be removed or the organism will die. Circulation is the process that allows multicellular organisms to move useful substances to their cells and harmful substances away from their cells. In plants, there are special vessels that carry water and nutrients to the cells. They are called xylem (zy lum) and phloem (flo em). Xylem carries water from the roots to all the cells in the rest of the plant. Phloem carries sugar (sap) from the leaves to the roots in the summer and from the roots to the stem, branches and leaves in the spring. In animals, especially vertebrates, special vessels carry water, nutrients and oxygen to the cells. These vessels are called arteries, capillaries, and veins. The blood that is carried in them is pumped by the heart through the arteries. Arteries carry nutrient and oxygen rich blood to the cells of the body. These arteries branch again and again into smaller vessels called capillaries. The capillaries are so small and thin that the water, nutrients and oxygen can leave the blood and enter the tissues. Wastes and some water is returned to the capillaries and then carried away by veins back to the heart. This blood will then be taken to the lungs, or gills in fish and to the kidneys to get rid of the wastes. In the lungs or gills, carbon dioxide which is a waste product of cellular respiration, is removed from the blood. The carbon dioxide and excess water are then exhaled with every breath. Nitrogen wastes are filtered by the kidney. These wastes are stored as urine until they can be eliminated by the body.
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals Test Yourself Matching 1. circulation 2. xylem 3. phloem 4. arteries 5. capillaries 6. veins 7. kidney 8. lungs or gills a. carries blood away from heart to the capillaries b. filters nitrogenous waste from blood in animals c. removes carbon dioxide from blood in animals d. carries water in plants e. carries sugar (sap) in plants f. the movement of useful substances to cells and harmful substances away from cells g. carries blood from capillaries back to heart h. where water, nutrients, and oxygen leave the blood and enter tissues in animals True or False 1. Circulation is the process in which food is broken down into a form the body can use. 2. Circulation is the process that allows organisms to move useful substances to their cells and harmful substances away from their cells. 3. In plants, xylem carries sugar from the leaves to the roots. 4. In plants, xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves. 5. In plants, phloem carries sugar from the leaves to the roots. 6. In plants, phloem carries water from the roots to the leaves. 7. Animals use their circulatory system to carry oxygen, water and nutrients to their cells. 8. Arteries, capillaries, and veins are special vessels in plants. 9. Arteries are so small and thin that water, nutrients, and oxygen can leave the blood and enter the tissues.
10. Capillaries are so small and thin that water, nutrients, and oxygen can leave the blood and enter the tissues. 11. Carbon dioxide is removed in the gills or lungs. 12. Carbon dioxide is removed in the kidneys. 11. Nitrogen waste is removed in the gills or lungs. 12. Nitrogen waste is removed in the kidneys. 13. Nitrogen waste is eliminated with solid waste in animals. 14. Nitrogen waste is eliminated as urine in animals. Fill in the Blank - One word may be used twice. circulation nutrients water oxygen nitrogenous waste carbon dioxide sugar arteries veins capillaries phloem xylem 1.,, and must be delivered to each cell in an animal s body. 2. Animals have special vessels to deliver these substances called,, and. 3. Plants have special vessels called and. 4. Phloem moves from one part of the plant to another part of the plant. 5. Xylem moves from one part of the plant to another part of the plant. 6. Blood takes to the kidneys of animals to be removed. 7. Blood takes to the gills or lungs of animals to be removed. 8. is the process that allows multicellular organisms to move useful substances to their cells and harmful substances away from their cells.
Answer the Following 1. Describe the purpose of the circulatory system. 2. What are the two types of special circulation vessels (vascular) in plants? What do they carry? 3. What are the three types of special circulation vessels in animals? How are they different? 4. How are carbon dioxide and nitrogen wastes removed from animals? 5. Explain how cellular respiration is related to the circulatory and excretory systems.
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals Answer Sheet Question 1. How would you describe the overall function of the circulatory, excretory, and vascular systems? Question 2. Compare and contrast the circulatory, excretory, and vascular systems. Question 3. What do the organs (heart, blood vessels, blood) found in the circulatory system do? Question 4. What do the organs (kidneys and lungs) found in the excretory system do? Question 5. What do the tissues (xylem and phloem) in the vascular system do?
Question 6. What is the main function of the following? Organ Function Heart Blood Lungs Kidney Gills Xylem Phloem Question 7. Explain how the circulatory system and the excretory system work together.