STI s STI s are diseases and infections which are capable of being spread from person to person through: sexual intercourse oral-genital contact IV drug Contact through cuts and sores
Reasons for Epidemic Having sexual experiences at a younger age Having more sexual partners Not taking precautions or ignore the risks It won t happen to me. People do not seek medical attention Too embarassed Do not recognize symptoms/ignore them Symptoms go away
Avoiding STI/STDs Abstinence Sexual Fidelity One partner only Precautions Condom use Avoiding drug abuse/alcohol Poor choices under the influence Sharing of needles
MYTHS OF STDs True or False Abstinence is the best way to prevent STIs. If you get an STI once, and are treated, you can t get it again. A person does not need to see a doctor if she/he notices sores on his/her genitals once, but then they go away. Condoms help prevent the spread of STIs. Anyone with an STI will show symptoms. A person cannot get more than one STI/STD at a time.
Myths and Facts Birth control pills prevent STI/STDs A person cannot get an STI/STD by having sex only once STI/STDs enter the body only through the genitals. All STI/STDs can be cured through antibiotics
How well do you know the 63 people you had sex with last night?
Chlamydia Bacteria Most common B. STI in the US In 2014, a total of 1,441,789 chlamydial infections were reported Spread through vaginal, anal and oral sex with someone who is infected Can lead to Damaged reproductive organs Infertility PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in women Baby through childbirth Eye infection and respiratory problems, pink eye Can be cured with antibiotics
Chlamydia FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Most have no symptoms Vaginal discharge (white or grey) or burning with urination Lower abdominal pain Bleeding between menstrual periods. Low-grade fever (later symptom)
Chlamydia MALE SYMPTOMS: Most will not have symptoms Discharge from the penis and/or burning when urinating Burning and itching around the opening of the penis Pain and swelling in the testicles Low grade fever (associated with epididymitis inflammation of the testicles)
Gonorrhea 2014, a total of 350,062 gonorrhea cases were reported People get gonorrhea from close sexual contact (anal sex, oral sex., and vaginal). Can lead to: Damaged reproductive organs Infertility PID Ectopic pregnancy (Implantation in the fallopian tube) Sometimes it can spread to the blood and joints Men epididymitis Lead to infertility
Gonorrhea Gonorrhea can also be spread from mother to child during birth. Through the birth canal Blindness, joint infection, blood infection Can be cured through antibiotics
Symptoms of Gonorrhea FEMALE SYMPTOMS: - Symptoms may show up 2-21 days after having sex - May notice a yellow or white discharge from the vagina - May be a burning or pain when urinating - Bleeding between periods - Heavier and more painful periods - Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes with nausea or fever
Symptoms of Gonorrhea MALE SYMPTOMS: - Yellow or white drip/discharge from penis - Burning or pain when urinating - Frequent urinating - Swollen testicles
Syphilis bacteria The long range effects can be very serious, including death. In the United States, an estimated 63,450 new cases of syphilis in adults in 2014 passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore
Syphilis Sores mainly occur on the external genitalia, vagina, anus, or rectum. Sores can also occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Symptoms Stage 1 primary stage Symptoms usually appear 10-90 days after contact. (Last 3 to 6 weeks) An infected person gets a sore (chancre), which may be painful at the point of contact (mouth, anus, rectum, throat or the sex organ). The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where the bacterium entered the body.
Symptoms Stage 1 The chancre lasts 1-5 weeks and heals on its own. This will disappear on its own, but may last 4-6 weeks. In the female, the chancre is often internal and cannot be seen.
lasts 3-6 weeks. Stage 2 Secondary stage After the chancre comes a copper-colored skin rash that starts around the trunk are and may appear on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or in more severe cases covers the entire body. The rash may be accompanied by fever, headaches, indigestion, loss of appetite, or loss of hair in spots over the scalp.
Third Stage Latent Period All symptoms disappear so that the victim thinks he/she is cured. If not received treatment the bacterium remains in the body and begins to damage the internal organs including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.
Fourth Stage Late (15 to 30%) The results of the internal damage from the 3 rd stage shows up many years later. Ten, twenty, even thirty years after the initial infection - sudden heart attack, failure of vision, loss of motor coordination or mental disturbances. Baby can be born stillbirth or die shortly after. Babies can be born symptom free and be developmentally delayed, seizures or die.
Herpes Virus Symptoms usually show 2-20 days after contact. May be extremely painful or very mild. outbreaks of blisters and ulcers. Once infected with HSV, people remain infected for life. Stress, bruising, chaffing, or a woman s period may cause an onset of the disease. Nationwide, 16.2% or one out of 6 people 14-49 have genital herpes Can pass HPV-2 from skin where no outbreak is present during sexual contact.
Herpes FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Blisters in or around the vagina, fever and headaches. MALE SYMPTOMS: Small sore or cluster of blisters on the penis. Antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the time the meds are taken and suppressive therapy can reduce transmission to partners.
HPV Human Papillomavirus Virus Approximately 20 million cases of sexually transmitted HPV. 6 million new cases a year. 50% of sexually active people will get some form of it in lifetime. 90% clears up on its own Three out of four Americans between the ages of 15 and 49 have been infected with genital HPV in their lifetimes. 1% have the warts Gardasil Vaccine (girls and boys)
Symptoms 40 different types Passed through genital contact and oral sex Make up 70% of Cervical Cancer in women (12,000 women diagnosed with cervical cancer each year.) Can affect the mouth and throat Warts (Genitals or Throat RRP Recurrent respiratory Papillomatosis) Cancers Different type of HPV than wart type The types of HPV that cause cancer are not the same as the warts.
Hepatitis Virus Inflammation of the liver Type A Food or water - causes swelling and inflammation of the liver but doesn t lead to chronic, or life long, disease Type B Contact by blood, semen, or other body fluid (STI) Unprotected sex, sharing of needles, tattoo or body piercing, poked with a needle, toothbrush, razor, to baby by infected mother. Can cause liver disease or cancer of the liver. Can be chronic
Hepatitis Hepatitis C Spread the same way as Hep. B Same outcomes as Hep. B Greater chance of it being chronic which leads to scarring of the liver called cirrhosis. Vaccines for A and B
Pubic Lice = Crabs Pubic lice are called crabs because they look like crabs. Crabs are frequently the color and size of small freckles. These very small lice (crabs) usually attack the sexual (pubic) areas of the body. Found under arms, eyelashes, moustaches.
Pubic Lice = Crabs Found under arms, eyelashes, moustaches. Spread through direct physical contact. Close body contact with an infected person. SYMPTOMS: A terrible, persisting itch in the genital, rectal (sexual) area.
Trichomoniasis Protozoan An estimated 3.7 million new cases occur each year in women and men. 70% have no signs Most common curable STI overall Spread through sex (not common to infect other parts of the body. Occurs in vagina of women so may be sexually transmitted to men using infected washcloths and towels. It is transmitted to the baby during delivery. It also can occur in the urethra (carries urine to penis) in men, doesn t have symptoms usually. Symptoms usually appear from 5 to 28 days after exposure
FEMALE SYMPTOMS: Trichomoniasis Itching and burning at the outside of the opening of the vagina and vulva. Painful and frequent urination Heavy, unpleasant smelling greenish, yellow discharge MALE SYMPTOMS: Usually nothing, or discomfort in urethra, inflamed head of the penis. Complications -Increase risk of getting or spreading other sexually transmitted infections. (Genital inflammation)
Candidiasis Yeast Fungus Fungi Yeast fungus that may or may not be transmitted by sexual intercourse. Caused by high doses of antibiotics. It is usually caused by altering the Ph of the vagina. SYMPTOMS: A thick vaginal discharge Severe itching
HIV Infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1981) Transmission occurs during sexual contact or contact with various body fluids Blood, Semen, Vaginal Secretions, Breast Milk Infects the T-cells, destroys defenses By counting the level of T-cells left in the blood can determine the HIV level
HIV Symptoms Acute Stage 1: Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV, people may experience a flu-like illness, which may last for a few weeks. When people have acute HIV infection, they have a large amount of virus in their blood and are very contagious. But people with acute infection are often unaware that they re infected. Stage 2: Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy) This period is sometimes called asymptomatic HIV infection or chronic HIV infection. During this phase, HIV is still active but reproduces at very low levels. People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this time. For people who aren t taking medicine to treat HIV, this period can last a decade or longer, but some may progress through this phase faster. People who are taking medicine to treat HIV (ART) the right way, every day may be in this stage for several decades. It s important to remember that people can still transmit HIV to others during this phase, infected because they may not feel sick right away or at all.
HIV Opportunistic Diseases After being infected for a long period of time the T cell levels drop so low that other diseases are easily able to attack Tuberculosis Pnuemonia Lung disease Cervical Cancer Skin Cancer (Karposi s sarcoma)
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Any of the previously listed diseases and/or Severe weight loss Fungal infections Blindness Depression Damage to the brain/nervous system
HIV Treatment AZT reduces transmission to newborns HAART Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Tries to reduce the amount of HIV in the blood
HIV There are two main ways you get HIV: 1. Vaginal, oral, anal, etc. sex 2. Sharing drug needles and syringes
CDC Centers for Disease Control Statistics 2010 47, 129 people diagnosed with HIV 2010 33, 015 people diagnosed with AIDs 1, 129,127 people diagnosed with AIDS since the epidemic began. 619,400 have died since the beginning. 1.2 million people are living with HIV in the U.S. 1 in 5 are unaware they are infected.
Pathogens Organisms that cause disease Bacteria Simple, single-celled microorganism Can live anywhere Most bacteria is harmless Enter cells and cause damage Toxins certain bacteria that gives off poisons Tetanus damages the nervous system
Pathogens Viruses Smallest pathogen (100 times smaller) Multiply by entering a living cell and taking over the reproductive mechanism resulting in cell damage. Different viruses invade different cells Cannot be cured through medication Stay with you or work their own way out
Pathogens Fungi Related to mold Small, single organisms Grow best in warm, dark, moist places Athlete s foot, ringworm
Pathogens Protozoan Single-celled Hundreds of times larger than bacteria More complex structure Able to move through fluids in search of food Malaria, African Sleeping Sickness
Pathogens Mites, Lice and Worms Small animals Can be in animals, uncooked foods, etc.