Common Sports Injuries in the Weekend Warrior Michael E. Zychowicz, DNP, FAAN, FAANP Professor and Director, MSN Program Orthopedic NP Specialty Lead Faculty Duke University School of Nursing As a result of this activity, the learner will be able to 1. As a result of this activity the learner will be able to articulate what the typical profile of the weekend warrior. 2. As a result of this activity the learner will be able to articulate the typical history and physical exam findings for selected weekend warrior injures 3. As a result of this activity, the learner will be able to articulate the current evaluation and treatment methods for selected weekend warrior sport injuries 1
Disclosures I have nothing to disclose 2
Recommendations (Adults) Avoid Inactivity Some physical activity is better than none Any amount has health benefits. Do Aerobic Activity For substantial health benefits, do one of the following: 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) each week of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (such as brisk walking or tennis) 75 minutes (1 hour and 15 minutes) each week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (such as jogging or swimming laps) An equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorousintensity aerobic physical activity U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed on Sept 2, 2016, https://health.gov/paguidelines Recommendations (Adults) Do aerobic physical activity in episodes of at least 10 minutes and, if possible, spread it out through the week. For even greater health benefits, do one of the following: Increase moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 300 minutes (5 hours) each week Increase vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) each week Doing more will lead to even greater health benefits. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed on Sept 2, 2016, https://health.gov/paguidelines 3
Recommendations (Adults) Strengthen Muscles Do muscle-strengthening activities (such as lifting weights or using resistance bands) that are moderate or high intensity and involve all major muscle groups on 2 or more days a week. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed on Sept 2, 2016, https://health.gov/paguidelines http://www.guoguiyan.com/data/out/61/68933869-dumbbell-wallpapers.jpg Health Benefits with Regular Exercise Strong evidence Lower risk of early death Lower risk of coronary heart disease Lower risk of stroke Lower risk of high blood pressure Lower risk of adverse blood lipid profile Lower risk of type 2 diabetes Lower risk of metabolic syndrome Lower risk of colon cancer Lower risk of breast cancer Prevention of weight gain Weight loss, particularly when combined with reduced calorie intake Improved cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness Prevention of falls Reduced depression Better cognitive function (for older adults) Moderate-strong evidence Better functional health (for older adults) Reduced abdominal obesity Moderate evidence Lower risk of hip fracture Lower risk of lung cancer Lower risk of endometrial cancer Weight maintenance after weight loss Increased bone density Improved sleep quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed on Sept 2, 2016, https://health.gov/paguidelines 4
2011 Proportion of US Performing Recommended Physical Activity Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Centers for Disease Control, 62(17);326-330, accessed Sept 2, 2016: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6217a2.htm#fig 5
So What? Many people are not getting recommended amount of exercise Previous figure shows prevalence of adults meeting both aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines ranged from 12.7% in West Virginia to 27.3% in Colorado. Many people are either: Not exercising at all Infrequently/ inadequately exercising Exercising on the weekend The Weekend Warrior https://c1.staticflickr.com/2/1157/542629880_7811f93f95_b.jpg Weekend Warriors who are they? People who exercise or engage in athletics primarily on the weekend Many don t have time to exercise daily May try to cram 1 week of exercise into 1 or 2 days No exercise or stretching during the week to stay fit and flexible Many do no warm up or stretch Competitive and can over do it 6
Characteristics of a weekend warrior National Sample to look profile Included those who engage in vigorousintensity aerobic physical activity for 150 minutes over 1-2 days (usually weekend) Including sport/ exercise, walking or bicycle for transportation, or household (gardening/ yard work) Kruger, J., Ham, S.A., Kohl, H. (2007). Characteristics of a Weekend Warrior. American College of Sports Medicine, 39 (5) 796-800. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:and9gct2sqf93ockzurmcfjcs-uradptuiphje_y12yjtaqifw9k97w9tw Characteristics of a weekend warrior Gender Race 35% 65% male female 7% 16% 12% 65% Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic black Hispanic Other Age 15% 12% 38% 35% 18-29 30-44 45-64 >64 Kruger, J., Ham, S.A., Kohl, H. (2007). Characteristics of a Weekend Warrior. American College of Sports Medicine, 39 (5) 796-800. 7
Characteristics of a weekend warrior Education 52% 12% 36% less than H.S High School College 81% purposeful activities Gardening, yard work, walking, bicycling 65% sport activities Men > women in sport (p<0.001) Kruger, J., Ham, S.A., Kohl, H. (2007). Characteristics of a Weekend Warrior. American College of Sports Medicine, 39 (5) 796-800. Profile of Weekend Sport Injuries mechanism of injury water related 10% aircraft 12% hockey/ ice skating 13% skateboarding/ roller blading 16% motocross 30% hiking/ rock climbing 19% motocross hiking/ rock climbing skateboarding/ roller blading hockey/ ice skating aircraft water related Roberts, D., Ouellet, J., McBeth, P., Kirkpatrick, A., Dixon, E., & Ball, C. (2014). The Weekend Warrior: Fact or Fiction for major trauma. Canadian Journal of Surgery 8
Profile of Weekend Sport Injuries face 9% INJURY PATTERN abdomen 7% head 30% extremity 16% chest 19% spine 19% Roberts, D., Ouellet, J., McBeth, P., Kirkpatrick, A., Dixon, E., & Ball, C. (2014). The Weekend Warrior: Fact or Fiction for major trauma. Canadian Journal of Surgery Profile of Weekend Sport Injuries SURGERY REQUIRED FOR 41% laparotomy 11% facial repair 13% ORIF 37% craniotomy 18% spinal fusion 21% Roberts, D., Ouellet, J., McBeth, P., Kirkpatrick, A., Dixon, E., & Ball, C. (2014). The Weekend Warrior: Fact or Fiction for major trauma. Canadian Journal of Surgery 9